初中英语语法-名词专题(含练习)

名词〔一〕一、名词的概念：在咱们身旁存在着形形色色的人和事物，它们都有自己的称号，咱们用来称号它们的词确实是名词，归纳来讲表示人、事物、地址、现象等的名称的词都叫名词。二、名词的分类：1．专出名词：它的第一个字母通常大写。a.人名、地名、国名等例如：Lucy,Shanghai,Chinab.组织、集体、机构等例如：theUnitedNationsc.语言、礼拜、月份等例如：English,Friday,March(注意介词in/on/at的用法)注意：国家与人的对应China ChineseAmerica American(s)Australia Australian(s)Canada Canadian(s)Japan JapaneseGermany German(s)France Frenchman(Frenchmen)GB Englishman(Englishmen)一般名词：〔1〕不可数名词：不能够直接以数字计算的名词。例如：snow,air,water,rice,paper,work,news(新闻)，food,rain,weather,juice,milk,meat,money，English,fruit,information…不可数名词要表示具体数量，必需借助of短语。如不能说onebread，可是能够说onepieceofbread和twopiecesofbread。只能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：little很少的〔表示否定〕；alittle一些〔表示确信〕，much〔许多〕，howmuch〔多少〕，abitof〔一些〕既能用来修饰可数名词又能用来修饰不可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：some(一些，用于确信句)，any〔一些，用于否定和疑问句〕alotof(许多)，lotsof(许多)★ 不可数名词量的表示方式：计量词+of例如：apieceofnewsacupoftea apieceofbreadtwopiecesofnewstwocupsoftea twopiecesofbread注意：abagofapples〔2〕可数名词：能够直接以数字计算的名词。如onebook,twopens。可数名词有数的转变，即每一个名词都有单数和复数两种形式。可数名词能够用两种方式表示具体数量：1、直接在其前加数词；2、在其前加of短语〔of+能够用作计量的名词〕。如:oneegg,twoeggs;onebasketofeggs,twobasketsofeggs★名词复数的组成：a.一样情形下，直接在词尾加s;例如：book booksgirl girlsdesk desksb.以s,x,sh,ch结尾的，在词尾力口es；例如：box boxesbus buseswatch watchesfish---fishesc.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i加es;例如：city citiesfamily families以元音字母［a,e,i,o,u〕+y结尾的，直接加s;例如：boy boysday dayskey keysd.以f或fe结尾的，变f或fe为v加es;例如：knife kniveslife liveswife wiveshalf halves但roof,scarf后直接力口se.以。结尾的，有生命的（或以辅音字母加。结尾的）加es,没生命的［或以元音字母加。结尾的〕加s;例如：radio radiosNegro Negroestomato---tomatoespotato---potatoes zoo---zoospiano---pianosphoto---photos但hippo后直接加s以下名词专门容易犯错，请注意：stomach胃一stomachs,roof屋顶一roofs,reef暗礁一reefs,belief信仰一beliefs,handkerchief手帕一handkerchiefs/handkerchieves★Man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese,child-children,fish-fish/fishes,sheep-sheep,ox-oxen［公牛〕,deer-deer,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,mouse-micepoliceman-policemen等注：German（德国人）-Germans只能用来修饰可数名词的表示数量的一些词或短语：few很少的［表示否定〕，afew一些［表示确信〕，many［许多〕，howmany［多少〕，anumberof（许多的），several几个课堂练习：、写出以下名词的复数形式：1.egg ___ 2.watch _ 3.story 4.knife 5.radio _ 6.tomato 7.desk 8.glass __ 9.child 10.sheep 11.Chinese __12.pencil-box_13.wife ___ 14.family 15.city 16.dress 17.Englishman 18.match 19.exam __ 20.German 21.potato 22..juice 23.water 24.holiday 25.paper 26.factory 27.thief 28.bus 29.class 30.glass 31.wife32.baby33.policeman二、单项选择Pleasepassme .A.twoglassofwaterB.twoglassesofwatersC.twoglassesofwaterD.twoglasswaterTheygotmuch fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.storiesTOC\o"1-5"\h\zHehadsomethingtowritedownandaskedmefor .A.apaperB.somepapersC.somepiecesofpapersD.apieceofpaperI’dlikesomewater,buthewants .A.twobottleorangeB.twobottlesoforangeC.twobottlesoforangesD.twobottlesoforangesLookatthe .Youcansee and .A.photos;potatoes,tomatoes,radioesB.photoes;potatoes,tomatoes,radiosC.photos;potatoes,tomatoes,radiosD.photos;potatos,tomatos,radioesCuttheappleinto .A.halfsB.halvesC.halfMr.Linoftengivesus bye-mail.A.somegoodinformationB.somegoodinformationsC.goodinformationsD.agoodinformationThereare inthefields.They’reeatinggrass.A.ahorse B.muchhorses C.manyhorse D.manyhorsesIamthirsty.Wouldyoubringme ,please?A.somebreadB.somewaterC.somecakesD.someeggs---HowgreatDalianRadioandTVcenterlooks!---Yes.That’soneofthegreatest inDalian.A.buildingB.build C.buildingsD.buildsHowmany hastheoldfarmergot?A.fieldB.sheep C.mutton D.cowTheguidehassomenew .Shecanshowthemtous.A.riceB.foodC.jacketD.pictures---Whatwouldyouliketodrink,girls?--- ,please.A.TwocupofcoffeeB.TwocupsofcoffeesC.Twocupsofcoffee D.TwocupofcoffeesThe aregoingtoflytoBeijing.A.GermenB.Germany C.GermanysD.GermansThe hastwo .A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watchesD.boys,watch17.Theboyalwaysstaystherefor .A.oneandhalfhourB.oneandahalfhourC.oneandhalfhours D.oneandahalfhours18.---Theyarethirsty.Willyoupleasegivethem ?---Certainly.A.somebottlesofwatersB.somebottlesofwaterC.somebottleofwaterD.somebottleofwaters19.Don’tyouthinkDalianisoneofthemostbeautiful inChina?A.citiesB.city C.place D.townsup---WhatcanIdoforyou?---I’mlookingfor .A.apairofshoes B.apairofT-shirt C.twopairsofhatD.twopairoftrousers21.Twelve werehurt,butno werelostinthataccident.A.person;life B.people;livesC.peoples;livesD.persons;lifeThereare onthetable.A.aglassofwaterB.aglassofmilk C.twoglassesofwater D.aglassoforangeTherearefew inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetablesB.fruit C.meatD.eggsMr.Smithalwayshas totellus.A.somegoodpiecesofnewsB.somepiecesofgoodnewsC.somegoodpieceofnewsD.somepieceofgoodnews25.Thereisalotof inthebox.A.cakeB.bagsofcakes C.milkD.bagsofmilk课后作业：一、英汉互译1.一片面包2.一瓶牛奶 4.一碗汤 6.四杯桔子汁 8.两千克牛肉 10.六名女学生 二、用所给名词的正确形式填空。Ihavetwo(knife).Therearemany(box)here.IgotalotofChristmas(card).Thereisapairof(glass)onthetable.Thereareafew(people)intheplayground.Howmany(ship)canyouseeinthepicture?Mikehasseven(friend).Afew(boy)aredrawingonthewall.Hehassomeinteresting(book).The(child)areplayingfootballnow.三、单项选择Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreadsIwouldliketohave .A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilkC.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilksCanyougiveme ?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupofteaPleasegiveme paper.A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceofJohnbought forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoesChildrenshouldmake foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroomTherearesixty-seven___inourschool.A.women'steacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacherWeneedsomemore .Canyougoandgetsome,please?A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.Potatos9.Agroupof aretalkingwithtwo___overthere.A.Frenchmen;GermansB.Frenchmen;GermenC.German;FrenchmenD.Germans;Frenchmans11.LucyandIgotoschool everyday.A.onfeetB.onfootC.byfootsD.bybuses12.—Arethose?-No,theyaren't.They′re.A.sheep;cowsB.sheep;cowC.sheeps;cowD.sheeps;cows13.Sheisthetallestofinthefamily.A.anysisterB.allthesistersC.allhersistersD.anyothersistersTheydon'thavetodotoday.A.muchhomeworkB.manyhomeworksC.manyhomeworkD.muchhomeworksTheChinesepeopleenjoyhappynow.A.lifeB.lifesC.alifeD.lives名词〔二〕重点：名词所有格在英语中，有些名词的词尾能够加上's,用来表示所属关系，这种构造称为名词的所有格。.单数名词变所有格，只需在词尾加’s.Eg.theboy'sschoolbag theworker'sshoes.复数名词的词尾已有5,只需加‛即可。Eg.theteachers'office thestudents'pens.假设复数名词词尾无s,那么应加’s.Eg.Women'sDay thePeople'sPark.无生命的词的所有格一样可用of加名词这一构造来表示。Eg.thenameofthemuseumthecenterofthecity.表示几个人共有一样东西，只需在最后一个人的名词前加's，假设表示各自所有，那么每一个名词后都要加's.Eg.JimandTom'sbedroom（吉姆和汤姆的卧室）〔两人共有〕Jim'sandTom'sbedrooms（吉姆和汤姆的卧室）〔两人各自所有〕课堂练习：一、用‘s或of填空。mymotherbag 2.Tomfriend

thedoorourroompostmenbagstheteachersdesk二、汉译英1.thedoorourroompostmenbagstheteachersdesk二、汉译英1.露西的书 3.李明的猫 5.那个公园的花三、用所给名词的正确形式填空。Thisis(May)book.My(brothers)toyHeisafriendofmy6.abookmyfather's2.学生们的鞋子 4.母亲的裙子 6.咱们教室的墙 carsareverybeautiful.(mother).That′s(KenandBill)newbedroom.---Whosearetheselunchbox? Theyare(Ben).(Pat)bagisverypretty.〔Bob〕isverypretty,too.Thesebooksaremy(friend).TomorrowisJune1st.It′s(children)Day.四、单项选择Thisisnotyourradio,but.A.yoursbrotherB.yourbrother'sC.youbrother'sD.yoursbrothersSeptember10thisDay.A.TeacherB.TeachersC.Teachers'D.Teachers'sJaneissister.A.MaryandJackB.Mary'sandJack'sC.Mary'sandJackD.MaryandJack'sIwillgiveyoutofinishit.A.twoweek'stime B.twoweektimeC.twoweeks'time D.twoweekstimeMissSmithisafriendof.A.Mary'smother'sB.Mary'smotherC.Marymother's D.mother'sofMaryMarch8thisDay.A.WomanB.WomenC.Women'sD.Woman's

Marywenttolastnight.A.thehouseofherfather B.hersfather’shouseC.thehouse’sherfather D.herfather’shouseTherearesheepinthisplace.A.alotB.lotC.muchD.manyIt'saboutwalkfromthisshoptothenearestbusstop.A.threeminutes’B.threeminuteC.threeminute’sD.threeminutes’sThedoctorwasveryhappy.Hemademistakesintheexam.A.alittleB.littleC.fewD.afew课后练习：一、用‘s或of填空。1.thedesksourclassroom3.windowstheoffice5