英语二历年真题与答案

2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试(英语二)试题SectionIUSEofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetecctedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconjune11,2009.Itisthefirstwotldwidecpidemic__1__bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.Theheightenedalert__2__anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatassembledafterasharppiseincasesinAustralia.andrising__3__inBritain,japan,Chileandelsewhere.Burtheepiemicis“__4__”inseverity.AccordingtoMargaretChan.Theorganizationd’iresctorgeneral,__5__theoverwhelmingmajortyofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandfullrecovery.Ofteninthe__6__ofanytreatment.medicalTheourbreakcametogobal__7__inlafeApril2009.whenMexicanauthoritiesnotedanunusuallylatgenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths__8__healthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityShutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbeganto__9__inNewYorkCity.thesouthwestemUnitedStatesandatoundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade__10__warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewas__11__fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe__12__testedarethenewswineflu.Alsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.IntheU.S.,Ithas__13__morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmonethan600deathsandmorethan6,000hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials___14___Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan__15__ordersfromtheatatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine,is__16__aheadofexpectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009,thoughmostofthose__17__doseswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnot__18__forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralother__19__.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroups;healthcareworkers,people__20__infantsandhealthyyoungpeople.1[A]criticized2[A]proceeded3[A]digits[B]appointed[B]activated[B]numbers[B]normal[B]in[C]commented[C]followed[C]amounts[C]unusual[C]from[D]designated[D]prompted[D]sums4[A]moderate5[A]with[D]extreme[D]by6[A]progress7[A]reality[B]absence[B]phenomenon[B]for[C]presence[C]concept[C]among[D]favor[D]notice8.[A]over[D]to9[A]stayup[B]cropup[B]if[C]fillup[D]coverup[D]until10[A]as[C]unless11[A]excessive12[A]categories13[A]imparted14[A]released15[A]placing16[A]feasible17[A]prevalent18[A]presented19[A]problems20[A]involvedin[B]enormous[B]examples[B]immerse[B]relayed[B]delivering[B]available[B]principal[B]restricted[B]issues[C]significant[C]patterns[C]injected[C]relieved[C]taking[D]magnificent[D]samples[D]infected[D]remained[D]giving[C]reliable[D]applicable[D]initial[C]innovative[C]recommended[C]agonies[C]concernedwith[D]introduced[D]sufferings[D]wardingoff[B]caringforSectionReadingcomprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourpassages.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachpassagebychoosingA,B,CandD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Thelongestbullruninacenturyofart-markethistoryendedonadramaticnotewithasaleof56worksbyDamienHirst,BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeveratSothebyinsLondononSeptember15th2008.Allbuttwopiecessold,fetchingmorethan70m,arecordforasalebyasingleartist.Itwasalastvictory.Astheauctioneercalledoutbids,inNewYorkoneoftheoldestbanksonWallStreet,LehmanBrothers,filedforbankruptcy.Theworldartmarkethadalreadybeenlosingmomentumforawhileafterrisingbewilderinglysince2003.Atitspeakin2007itwasworthsome$65billion,reckonsClareMcAndrew,founderofArtsEconomics,aresearchfirmdoublethefigurefiveyearsearlier.Sincethenitmayhavecomedownto$50billion.Butthemarketgeneratesinterestfarbeyonditssizebecauseitbringstogethergreatwealth,enormousegos,greed,passionandcontroversyinawaymatchedbyfewotherindustries.IntheweeksandmonthsthatfollowedMrHirstssale,spendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable,especiallyinNewYork,wherethebail-outofthebankscoincidedwiththelossofthousandsofjobsandthefinancialdemiseofmanyart-buyinginvestors.Intheartworldthatmeantcollectorsstayedawayfromgalleriesandsalerooms.Salesofcontemporaryartfellbytwo-thirds,andinthemostoverheatedsectorforChinesecontemporaryarttheyweredownbynearly90%intheyeartoNovember2008.Withinweekstheworldstwobiggestauctionhouses,SothebysandChristienearly$200minguaranteestoclientswhohadplacedworksforsalewiththem.ThecurrentdownturnintheartmarketistheworstsincetheJapanesestoppedbuyingImpressionistsattheendof1989,amovethatstartedthemostseriouscontractioninthemarketsincetheSecondWorldWar.Thistimeexpertsreckonthatpricesareabout40%downontheirpeakonaverage,thoughsomehavebeenfarmorefluctuant.ButEdwardDolman,Christieschiefexecutive,says:Imprettyconfidentwereatthebottom.Whatmakesthisslumpdifferentfromthelast,hesays,isthattherearestillbuyersinthemarket,whereasintheearly1990s,wheninterestrateswerehigh,therewasnodemandeventhoughmanycollectorswantedtosell.Christieinthefirsthalfof2009werestillhigherthaninthefirsthalfof2006.Almosteveryonewhowasinterviewedforthisspecialreportsaidthatthebiggestproblematthemomentisnotalackofdemandbutalackofgoodworktosell.ThethreeDsdeath,debtanddivorcestilldeliverworksofarttothemarket.Butanyonewhodoesnothavetoselliskeepingaway,waitingforconfidencetoreturn.21.Inthefirstparagraph,DamienHirst'ssalewasreferredtoasA.theartmarkethadwitnessedasuccessionofvictoriesB.theauctioneerfinallygotthetwopiecesatthehighestbidsC.BeautifulInsideMyHeadForeverwonoverallmasterpiecesD.itwassuccessfullymadejustbeforetheworldfinancialcrisisalastvictorybecause____.22.Bysayingspendingofanysortbecamedeeplyunfashionable-2,P(Lineara.31)theauthorsuggeststhat_____.A.collectorswerenolongeractivelyinvolvedinart-marketauctionsB.peoplestoppedeverykindofspendingandstayedawayfromgalleriesC.artcollectionasafashionhadlostitsappealtoagreatextentD.worksofartingeneralhadgoneoutoffashionsotheywerenotworthbuying23.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Salesofcontemporaryartfelldramaticallyfrom2007to2008.B.Theartmarketsurpassedmanyotherindustriesinmomentum.

C.Themarketgenerallywentdownwardinvariousways.D.Someartdealerswereawaitingbetterchancestocome.24.ThethreeDsmentionedinthelastparagraphare____A.auctionhouses'favoritesB.contemporarytrendsC.factorspromotingartworkcirculationD.stylesrepresentingimpressionists25.Themostappropriatetitleforthistextcouldbe___A.FluctuationofArtPricesB.Up-to-dateArtAuctionsC.ArtMarketinDeclineD.ShiftedInterestinArtsText2IwasaddressingasmallgatheringinasuburbanVirginialivingroomawomen'sgroupthathadinvitedmentojointhem.Throughouttheeveningonemanhadbeenparticularlytalkative,frequentlyofferingideasandanecdotes,whilehiswifesatsilentlybesidehimonthecouch.TowardtheendoftheeveningIcommentedthatwomenfrequentlycomplainthattheirhusbandsdon'ttalktothem.Thismanquicklynoddedinagreement.Hegesturedtowardhiswifeandsaid,"She'sthetalkerinourfamily."Theroomburstintolaughter;themanlookedpuzzledandhurt."It'strue,"heexplained."WhenIcomehomefromwork,Ihavenothingtosay.Ifshedidn'tkeeptheconversationgoing,we'dspendthewholeeveninginsilence."ThisepisodecrystallizestheironythatalthoughAmericanmentendtotalkmorethanwomeninpublicsituations,theyoftentalklessathome.Andthispatterniswreakinghavocwithmarriage.ThepatternwasobservedbypoliticalscientistAndrewHackerinthelate1970s.SociologistCatherineKohlerRiessmanreportsinhernewbook"DivorceTalk"thatmostofthewomensheinterviewedbutonlyafewofthemengavelackofcommunicationasthereasonfortheirdivorces.Giventhecurrentdivorcerateofnearly50percentamountstomillionsofcasesintheUnitedStateseveryyearavirtualepidemicoffailedconversation.Inmyownresearchcomplaintsfromwomenabouttheirhusbandsmostoftenfocusednotontangibleinequitiessuchthatashavinggivenupthechanceforacareertoaccompanyahusbandtohisordoingfarmorethantheirshareofdailylife-supportworklikecleaning,cooking,socialarrangementsanderrands.Insteadtheyfocusedoncommunication:"Hedoesn'tlistentome.""Hedoesn'ttalktome."IfoundasHackerobservedyearsbeforethatmostwiveswanttheirhusbandstobefirstandforemostconversationalpartnersbutfewhusbandssharethisexpectationoftheirwives.Inshorttheimagethatbestrepresentsthecurrentcrisisisthestereotypicalcartoonsceneofamansittingatthebreakfasttablewithanewspaperheldupinfrontofhisface,whileawomanglaresatthebackofit,wantingtotalk.26.Whatismostwives'mainexpectationoftheirhusbands?A.Talkingtothem.B.Trustingthem.C.Supportingtheircareers.D.Sharinghousework.27.Judgingfromthecontext,thephraseA.generatingmotivation.wreakinghavoc(Line3,Para.2)mostprobablymeans___.B.exertinginfluenceC.causingdamageD.creatingpressure28.AllofthefollowingaretrueEXCEPT_______A.mentendtotalkmoreinpublicthanwomenB.nearly50percentofrecentdivorcesarecausedbyfailedconversationC.womenattachmuchimportancetocommunicationbetweencouplesD.afemaletendstobemoretalkativeathomethanherspouse29.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthistext?A.Themoraldecayingdeservesmoreresearchbysociologists.B.Marriagebreak-upstemsfromsexinequalities.C.Husbandandwifehavedifferentexpectationsfromtheirmarriage.D.Conversationalpatternsbetweenmanandwifearedifferent.30.Inthefollowingpartimmediatelyafterthistext,theauthorwillmostprobablyfocusA.avividaccountofthenewbookDivorceTalkon______B.adetaileddescriptionofthestereotypicalcartoonC.otherpossiblereasonsforahighdivorcerateintheU.S.D.abriefintroductiontothepoliticalscientistAndrewHackerText3Overthepastdecade,manycompanieshadperfectedtheartofcreatingautomaticbehaviorshabitsamongconsumers.Thesehabitshavehelpedcompaniesearnbillionsofdollarswhencustomerseatsnacks,applylotionsandwipecountersalmostwithoutthinking,ofteninresponsetoacarefullydesignedsetofdailycues.Therearefundamentalpublichealthproblems,likedirtyhandsinsteadofasoaphabit,thatremainkillersonlybecausewecantfigureouthowtochangepeopleshabits,Dr.Curtissaid.Wewantedtolearnfromtocreatenewbehaviorsthathappenautomatically.ThecompaniesthatDr.CurtisturnedtoProcter&Gamble,Colgate-PalmoliveandUnileverhadinvestedhundredsofmillionsofdollarsfindingthesubtlecuesinconsumerslivesthatcorporationscouldusetointroducenewroutines.Ifyoulookhardenough,youllfindthatmanyoftheproductsweuseeverydaychewinggums,skinmoisturizers,disinfectingwipes,airfresheners,waterpurifiers,healthsnacks,antiperspirants,colognes,teethwhiteners,fabricsofteners,vitaminsareresultsofmanufacturedhabits.Acenturyago,fewpeopleregularlybrushedtheirteethmultipletimesaday.Today,becauseofcannyadvertisingandpublichealthcampaigns,manyAmericanshabituallygivetheirpearlywhitesacavity-preventingscrubtwiceaday,oftenwithColgate,Crestoroneoftheotherbrands.Afewdecadesago,manypeopledidntdrinkwatereooutsidfameal.Thenbeveragecompaniesstartedbottlingtheproductionoffar-offsprings,andnowofficeworkersunthinkinglysipbottledwateralldaylong.Chewinggum,onceboughtprimarilybyadolescentboys,isnowfeaturedincommercialsasabreathfreshenerandteethcleanserforuseafterameal.Skinmoisturizersareadvertisedaspartofmorningbeautyrituals,slippedinbetweenhairbrushingandputtingonmakeup.Ourproductssucceedwhentheybecomepartofdailyorweeklypatterns,saidCarolBerning,aconsumerpsychologistwhorecentlyretiredfromProcter&Gamble,thecompanythatsold$76billionofTide,Crestandotherproductslastyear.Creatingpositivehabitsisahugepartofimprovingourconsumerstomakinlives,ganditnewproductscommerciallyviable.Throughexperimentsandobservation,socialscientistslikeDr.Berninghavelearnedthatthereispowerintyingcertainbehaviorstohabitualcuesthroughrelentlessadvertising.Asthisnewscienceofhabithasemerged,controversieshaveeruptedwhenthetacticshavebeenusedtosellquestionablebeautycreamsorunhealthyfoods.31.AccordingtoDr.Curtis,habitslikehandwashingwithsoap________.[A]shouldbefurthercultivated[B]shouldbechangedgradually[C]aredeeplyrootedinhistory[D]arebasicallyprivateconcerns32.Bottledwater,chewinggunandskinmoisturizersarementionedinParagraph5soasto____[A]revealtheirimpactonpeopleshabits[B]showtheurgentneedofdailynecessities[C]indicatetheireffectonpeoplesbuyingpower[D]manifestthesignificantroleofgoodhabits33.WhichofthefollowingdoesNOTbelongtoproductsthathelpcreatepeople[A]Tideshabits?[B]Crest

[C]Colgate[D]Unilever34.Fromthetextweknowthatsomeofconsumershabitsaredevelopeddueto_____[A]perfectedartofproducts[B]automaticbehaviorcreation[C]commercialpromotions[D]scientificexperiments35.Theauthorsattitudetowardtheinfluenceofadvertisementonpeopleis____shabits[A]indifferent[B]negative[C]positive[D]biasedText4ManyAmericansregardthejurysystemasaconcreteexpressionofcrucialdemocraticvalues,includingtheprinciplesthatallcitizenswhomeetminimalqualificationsofageandliteracyareequallycompetenttoserveonjuries;thatjurorsshouldbeselectedrandomlyfromarepresentativecrosssectionofthecommunity;thatnocitizenshouldbedeniedtherighttoserveonajuryonaccountofrace,religion,sex,ornationalorigin;thatdefendantsareentitledtotrialbytheirpeers;andthatverdictsshouldrepresenttheconscienceofthecommunityandnotjusttheletterofthelaw.Thejuryisalsosaidtobethebestsurvivingexampleofdirectratherthanrepresentativedemocracy.Inadirectdemocracy,citizenstaketurnsgoverningthemselves,ratherthanelectingrepresentativestogovernforthem.Butasrecentlyasin1986,juryselectionproceduresconflictedwiththesedemocraticideals.Insomestates,forexample,jurydutywaslimitedtopersonsofsupposedlysuperiorintelligence,education,andmoralcharacter.AlthoughtheSupremeCourtoftheUnitedStateshadprohibitedintentionalracialdiscriminationinjuryselectionasearlyasthe1880caseofStrauderv.WestVirginia,thepracticeofselectingso-calledeliteorblue-ribbonjuriesprovidedaconvenientwayaroundthisandotherantidiscriminationlaws.Thesystemalsofailedtoregularlyincludewomenonjuriesuntilthemid-20thcentury.AlthoughwomenfirstservedonstatejuriesinUtahin1898,itwasnotuntilthe1940sthatamajorityofstatesmadewomeneligibleforjuryduty.Eventhenseveralstatesautomaticallyexemptedwomenfromjurydutyunlesstheypersonallyaskedtohavetheirnamesincludedonthejurylist.Thispracticewasjustifiedbytheclaimthatwomenwereneededathome,anditkeptjuriesunrepresentativeofwomenthroughthe1960s.In1968,theCongressoftheUnitedStatespassedtheJurySelectionandServiceAct,usheringinaneweraofdemocraticreformsforthejury.Thislawabolishedspecialeducationalrequirementsforfederaljurorsandrequiredthemtobeselectedatrandomfromacrosssectionoftheentirecommunity.Inthelandmark1975decisionTaylorvs.Louisiana,theSupremeCourtextendedtherequirementthatjuriesberepresentativeofallpartsofthecommunitytothestatelevel.TheTaylordecisionalsodeclaredsexdiscriminationinjuryselectiontobeunconstitutionalandorderedstatestousethesameproceduresforselectingmaleandfemalejurors.36.FromtheprinciplesoftheUSjurysystem,welearnthat______[A]bothliberateandilliteratepeoplecanserveonjuries[B]defendantsareimmunefromtrialbytheirpeers[C]noagelimitshouldbeimposedforjuryservice[D]judgmentshouldconsidertheopinionofthepublic37.Thepracticeofselectingso-calledelitejurorspriorto1968showed_____[A]theinadequacyofantidiscriminationlaws[B]theprevalentdiscriminationagainstcertainraces[C]theconflictingidealsinjuryselectionprocedures[D]thearrogancecommonamongtheSupremeCourtjustices38.Eveninthe1960s,womenwereseldomonthejurylistinsomestatesbecause_____[A]theywereautomaticallybannedbystatelaws[B]theyfellfarshortoftherequiredqualifications

[C]theyweresupposedtoperformdomesticduties[D]theytendedtoevadepublicengagement39.AftertheJurySelectionandServiceActwaspassed.___[A]sexdiscriminationinjuryselectionwasunconstitutionalandhadtobeabolished[B]educationalrequirementsbecamelessrigidintheselectionoffederaljurors[C]jurorsatthestateleveloughttoberepresentativeoftheentirecommunity[D]statesoughttoconformtothefederalcourtinreformingthejurysystem40.IndiscussingtheUSjurysystem,thetextcenterson_______[A]itsnatureandproblems[B]itscharacteristicsandtradition[C]itsproblemsandtheirsolutions[D]itstraditionanddevelopmentPartBDirections:Readthefollowingtextanddecidewhethereachofthestatementsistrueorfalse.ChooseTifthestatementistrueorFitthestatementisnottrue.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)CopyingBirdsMaySaveAircraftFuelBothBoeingandAirbushavetrumpetedtheefficiencyoftheirnewestaircraft.The787and350respectively.Theircleverdesignsandlightweightcompositescertainlymakeadifference.ButagroupofresearchersatStanfordUniversity,ledbyIlanKroo,hassuggestedthatairlinescouldtakeamorenaturalisticapproachtocuttingjet-fueluseanditwouldnotrequirethemtobuynewaircraft.Theanswer,saysDrKroo,lieswithbirds.Since1914,scientistshaveknownthatbirdsflyinginformation-aV-shape-expendlessenergy.Theairflowingoverabirdswingscurlsupwardsbehindthewingtips.aphenomenonknownasupwash.Otherbirdsflyingintheupwashexperiencereduceddrag,andspendlessenergypropellingthemselves.PeterLissaman,anaeronauticsexpertwhowasformerlyatCaltechandtheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,hassuggestedthataformationof25birdsmightenjoyarangeincreaseof71%.Whenappliedtoaircraft,theprinciplesarenotsubstantiallydifferent.DrKrooandhisteammodeledwhatwouldhappenifthreepassengerjetsdepartingfromLosAngeles,SanFranciscoandIasVegasweretoassembleoverUtah,assumeaninvertedV-formationoccasionallychangeplacessoallcouldhaveaturninthemostfavourablepositions,andproceedtoLondon.Theyfoundthattheaircraftconsumedasmuchas15%lessfuel(coupledwithareductionincarbon-dioxideoutput).Nitrogen-oxideemissionsduringthecruisingportionsoftheflightfellbyaroundaquarter.Thereare,ofcourse,knotstobeworkedout.Oneconsiderationissafety,oratleasttheperceptionofit.Wouldpassengersfeelcomfortabletravellingincompanion?DrKroopointsoutthattheaircraftcouldbeseparatedbyseveralnauticalmiles,andwouldnotbeintheintimategroupingsfavouredbydisplayteamsliketheRedArrows,Apassengerpeeringoutofthewindowmightnotevenseetheotherplanes.Whethertheseparationdistancesinvolvedwouldsatisfyair-traffic-controlregulationsisanothermatter,althoughaworkinggroupattheInternationalCivilAviationOrganisationhasincludedthepossibilityofformationflyinginablueprintfornewoperationalguidelines.Itremainstobeseenhowweatherconditionsaffecttheairflowsthatmakeformationflightmoreefficient.Inzonesofincreasedturbulence,theplaneswakeswilldecaymorequicklyandtheeffectwilldiminish.DrKroosaysthisisoneoftheareashisteamwillinvestigatefurther.Itmightalsobehardforairlinestoco-ordinatethedeparturetimesanddestinationsofpassengeraircraftinawaythatwouldallowthemtogainfromformationflight.Cargoaircraft,incontrast,mightbeeasiertoreschedule,asmightroutinemilitaryflight.Asithappens,Americaasrmedforcesareontheoncasealready.EarlierthisyearthecountryDsefenceAdvancedResearchProjectsAgencyannouncedplanstopayBoeingtoinvestigateformationflight,thoughtheprogrammehasyettobegin.TherearereportsthatsomemilitaryaircraftflewinformationwhentheywerelowonfuelduringtheSecondWorldWar,butDrLissamansaystheyareunsubstantiated.lostoverBerlin,headds.Soheshouldknow.MyfatherwasanRAFpilotandmycousintheskipperofaLa

41.FindingsoftheStanfordUniversityresearcherswillpromotethesalesofnewBoeingandAirbusaircraft.42.Theupwashexperiencemaysavepropellingenergyaswellasreducingresistance.43.Formationflightismorecomfortablebecausepassengerscannotseetheotherplans.44.Therolethatweatherplaysinformationflighthasnotyetbeenclearlydefined.45.IthasbeendocumentedthatduringWorldWar,Americasarmedforcesoncetriedformationflighttosavefuel.SectionTranslation46.Directions:InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationonANSWERSHEET2.(15points)Suatainabilityhasbecomeapopularwordthesedays,buttoTedNing,theconceptwillalwayshavepersonalmeaning.Havingenduredapainfulperiodofunsustainabilityinhisownlifemadeitcleartohimthatsustainability-orientedvaluesmustbeexpressedthougheverydayactionandchoice.Ningrecallsspendingaconfusingyearinthelate1990ssellinginsurance.Hedbeenthoughthedot-boomandburstand,desperateforajob,signedonwithaBoulderagency.Itdidingotwell.Itwasareallyhadmovebecausethatnostmypassion,saysNing,whosedilemmaaboutthejobtranslated,predictably,intoalackofsales.Iwasmiserable,IhadsomuchanxietythatIwouldwakeupinthemthenightandstareattheceiling.Ihadnomoneyandneededthejob.Everyonesaid,itsometime.Justwait,youSectionWritingPartA47.Directions:YouhavejustcomebackfromtheU.S.asamemberofaSino-Americanculturalexchangeprogram.WritealettertoyourAmericancolleagueto1)Expressyourthanksforhis/herwarmreception;2)Welcomehim/hertovisitChinainduecourse.Youshouldwriteabout100wordsonANSWERSHEET2.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.UseZhangWeiinstead.Donotwriteyouraddress.(10points)PartB48.Directions:Inthissection,youareaskedtowriteanessaybasedonthefollowingchart.Inyourwriting,youshould1)Interpretthechartand2)Giveyourcomments.Youshouldwriteatleast150words.WriteyouressayononANSWERSHEET2.(15points)

2011SectionIUseofEnglishDirectionsReadthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorDonANSWERSHEET1.(10points)TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3?Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenationplace-avoluntarytrustedidentityber-czar,socyfferedthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasafersystemthatwould-tebechthe5highofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotoIDcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriver10slicensebythegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavetheseusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.-onsyssingletemstsignhatmakeitpossiblefor12.theapproachwouldcreateaestablishasenseofa13community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasawalledgardenncyberspace,withsafeneighborhoodsandvoluntaryecosysteminwhichindividualsandorganizationscancompletetransactionswith14,trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionrunsStill,theadministrationsplan1has6privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternetmentality.driveslicenseTheplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthevoluntaryecosystemenvisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.1A.sweptB.skippedB.withinC.walkedD.ridden2A.forC.whileD.though3A.carelessA.reasonA.informationA.byB.lawlessC.pointlessC.compromiseC.entertainmentC.fromD.helplessD.proposalD.equivalentD.over4B.reminderB.interferenceB.into567A.linkedB.directedB.discoverB.suggestB.issue