《系统解剖学》教学资料 section 3 joints of limb

Chapter2

TheArthrology

Section3Jointsoflimbs主讲人冯娜编辑ppt【目的与要求】1.掌握肩关节、肘关节、腕关节、髋关节、膝关节和踝关节的构成、特点及运动。2.掌握髋骨与脊柱间的韧带连结，骨盆的组成与分部。3.了解胸锁关节、肩锁关节、骶髂关节的构成，足弓的构成及功能。编辑pptTheGeneralDescriptionOwingtotheerectstandingofhumanbeing,theupperlimbhasbeenfreedandmoremovablefromweightbearingandbecomealaboringorgan.Thejointsoftheupperlimbarechieflyforthemobilityinaction,whereasthejointsofthelowerlimbareforthestability.编辑pptⅠ.Jointsofupperlimb

Ⅰ)Jointsofthegirdleoftheupperlimb

1.Sternoclavicularjoint胸锁关节*Composition:clavicularnotchofsternum,andthefirstcostalcartilage,sternalendofclavicle.

*Feature:Articularcapsule:strong

*Movements(poly-axial

joint)

Interclavicularlig.

anteriorsternoclavicularlig.costoclavicularlig.编辑ppt2.Acromioclavicularjoint肩锁关节

(planejoint)3.Coracoacromialligament喙肩韧带

Coracoacromialarch喙肩弓Coracoidprocessacromion编辑pptⅡ)Jointsoffreeupperlimb1.Shoulderjoint肩关节(ball-and-socket)◆Composition:headofhumerusandglenoidcavityofscapula◆Feature:

Typeofjoint:Capsule:Thinandloose编辑ppt

◆

Accessorystructures:

◆Glenoidlabrum盂唇

◆

Coracohumeralligament

喙肱韧带

◆

Movements

ofshoulderjoint

flexionandextension;adductionandabduction;medialandlateralrotation;circumduction.编辑ppt头大盂小囊松薄最易发生前下脱编辑ppt2.

Elbowjoint肘关节(compoundjoint)◆

Composition:

lowerendofhumerus,upperendsofradiusandulna1.Humeroulnarjoint肱尺关节2.Humeroradialjoint肱桡关节3.Proximalradioulnarjoint桡尺近侧关节◆

Feature:Typeofjoint:compoundjoint

Capsule:thinandlooseanteriorlyandposteriorly.编辑ppt

Ligaments:1.Radialcollacteralligament桡侧副韧带2.

Ulnarcollacteralligament

尺侧副韧带3.

Annularligamentofradius桡骨环状韧带Movements:flexionandextension,pronationandsupination编辑pptDislocation编辑ppt

medialepicondyleofthehumerus

lateralepicondyleofthehumerustipoftheolecranon编辑ppt3.Jointsbetweenradiusandulnar

1)Proximalradioulnarjoint

桡尺近侧关节2)Distalradioulnarjoint桡尺远侧关节

3)Interosseousmembraneofforearm

前臂骨间膜编辑ppt编辑ppt4.Jointsofhand1)Radiocarpaljoint桡腕关节(wristjoint)

◆CompositionJointformedbythedistalendofradius,articulardiscbelowulnarandscaphoid,lunate,andtriquetrumofcarpus.◆FeatureTypeofjoint:ellipsoidjointCapsule:

lax,strengthenedbysurroundingligaments◆Movements:flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,circumduction编辑ppt2)Carpometacarpaljoints★Carpometacarpaljointofthumb拇指腕掌关节◆Composition:trapeziumandbaseofthefirstmetacarpal◆Typeofjoint:saddlejoint◆Movement:flexion,extension,adduction,abduction,andopposition3)Theothers:自学编辑ppt

Ⅱ.JointsofLowerlimb

Ⅰ)Jointsofpelvicgirdle

1.Sacroiliacjoint

骶髂关节

◆Composition:auricularsurfaceofsacrumandilium◆Feature:

Capsule:verytightandstrengthenedbyligaments编辑ppt2.Vertebro-pelvicligaments

1)Iliolumbar

ligament髂腰韧带2)

Sacrotuberousligament

骶结节韧带

3)

Sacrospinousligament

骶棘韧带

Thesetwoligamentsconvertthesciaticnotchesthegreater

andlesser

sciaticforamen

坐骨大、小孔编辑ppt3.Pubicsymphysis耻骨联合4.Obturatormembrane

闭孔膜

obturatorcanal

闭膜管编辑ppt5.Pelvis骨盆1)Composition:2)Terminalline界线:formedbypromontoryofsacrum,arcuateline,pectenpubis,pubistuberosityandupperborderofpubicsymphysis.3)Twoportions

◆Greaterpelvis

◆Lesserpelvis编辑ppt4)Lesserpelvis小骨盆(1)pelvicinlet

骨盆上口(terminalline):(2)Pelvicoutlet

骨盆下口:formedbytipofcoccyx,sacrotuberousligament,ischialtuberosity,ramusofischium,inferiorramusofpubis,lowerborderofpubicsymphysis(3)Pelviccavity(4)Pubicarch,subpubicanglesubpubicangle编辑ppt骨盆的性差

男性

女性

骨盆形状窄而长宽而短

骨盆上口呈心形椭圆形

骨盆下口狭小宽大骨盆腔呈漏斗形圆筒形

骶骨窄长，宽短，曲度大曲度小骶骨岬突出突出明显不明显

耻骨下角70º~75º90º~100º男性女性70º~75º90º~100º编辑pptⅡ)Jointsoffreelowerlimb1.Hipjoint髋关节◆

Composition:acetabulumandfemoralhead◆

Feature:(1)ArticularcapsuleStrengthenedandthick

intra-capsularfractureextra-capsularfracture编辑ppt

Acetabularlabrum髋臼唇transverseacetabularligament髋臼横韧带Ligamentofheadoffemur股骨头韧带Iliofemorallig.髂股韧带Pubofemorallig.耻股韧带Ischiofemoralligament

坐股韧带Zonaorbicularis轮匝带LigamentofheadoffemurAcetabularlabrumTransverseacetebularlig.Ischiofemorallig.

(2)

Accessorystructures

Iliofemorallig.Pubofemorallig.

编辑ppt◆Movementsofhipjoint:flexionandextensionadductionandabductionrotationandcircumduction◆Clinicalapplication编辑ppt2.Kneejoint膝关节1)Composition:lowerendoffemur,upperendoftibiaandpatella2)Feature:Articularcapsule:

thinandloose3)Accessorystructures

Patellarlig.髌韧带Patellarlig编辑pptTibialcollaterallig.Fibularcollateralligment

腓侧副韧带Tibialcollateralligment

胫侧副韧带Anteriorcruciateligment

前交叉韧带Posteriorcruciateligment

后交叉韧带

Posteriorcruciatelig.Anteriorcruciatelig.编辑pptSuprapatellarbursa髌上囊alarfolds翼状襞编辑ppt

Medialmeniscus内侧半月板(C-shaped)Lateralmeniscus外侧半月板(O-shaped)

3)Movements:flexionandextension;flexedkneejointcandosomerotatedmovements.lateralMedial从内向外，一氧化碳(CO)编辑ppt

kneeinjury(threeCs,unhappytriad)

Tibialcollaterallig.Anteriorcruciatelig.Medialmeniscus编辑ppt3)Tibiofibularsyndesmosis

胫腓连结

◆

Tibiofibularjoint

胫腓关节

◆

Cruralinterosseousmembrane

小腿骨间膜◆

Anteriorandpos