2022-2023年内蒙古自治区包头市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)

2022-2023年内蒙古自治区包头市大学英语6级大学英语六级真题一卷(含答案)学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、2.ReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(20题)1.

Thee-wasteproblemwillbesolvedinthenearfutureifallcountriesadopttheapproachdesignedbyTheCentreforDesignatRM1TUniversity,aleaderinthegrowingfieldofDesignfortheEnvironment.

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2.

Now,theforeignteachergetsnolessthan5,500yuanpermonthfora12hourworkweekplusalltheotherbenefitsbecausetheauthorityhasrealizedthatthefirstofferwastoolow.

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3.

Theelectrostaticprecipitatorhasgotridof______frommanufacturingprocesses.

A.severeemissions

B.ozone-layerdepletion

C.manypollutants

D.toxicsubstances

4.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)

Directions:Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D].Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

HydroelectricPower

HydroelectricpowerisAmerica'sleadingrenewableenergyresource.Ofalltherenewablepowersources,it'sthemostreliable,efficientandeconomical.Waterisneededtorunahydroelectricgeneratingunit.It'sheldinareservoirorlakebehindadam,andtheforceofthewaterbeingreleasedfromthereservoirthroughthedamspinsthebladesofaturbine.Theturbineisconnectedtothegeneratorthatproduceselectricity.Afterpassingthroughtheturbine,thewaterre-enterstheriveronthedownstreamsideofthedam.

Hydroelectricplantsconvertthekineticenergywithinfallingwaterintoelectricity.Theenergyinmovingwaterisproducedinthesun,andconsequentlyiscontinuallybeingrenewed.Theenergyinsunlightevaporateswaterfromtheseasanddepositsitonlandasrain.Landelevationdifferencesresultinrainfallrunoff,andpermitsomeoftheoriginalsolarenergytobeharnessedashydroelectricpower.Hydroelectricpowerisatpresenttheearth'schiefrenewableelectricitysource,generating6%ofglobalenergyandabout15%ofworldwideelectricity.HydroelectricpowerinCanadaisplentifulandprovides60%oftheirelectricalrequirements.Usuallyregardedasaninexpensiveandcleansourceofelectricity,mostbighydroelectricprojectsbeingplannedtodayarefacingagreatdealofhostilityfromenvironmentalgroupsandlocalpeople.

Theearliestrecordeduseofwaterpowerwasaclock,constructedaround250BC.Sincethen,peoplehaveusedfallingwatertosupplypowerforgrainandsawmills,aswellasahostofotheruses.TheearliestuseofflowingwatertogenerateelectricitywasawaterwheelontheFoxRiverinWisconsinin1882.

Thefirsthydroelectricpowerplantsweremuchmoredependableandefficientthantheplantsofthedaythatwerefiredbyfossilfuels.Thisledtoariseinnumberofsmalltomediumsizedhydroelectricgeneratingplantslocatedwherevertherewasanadequatesupplyoffallingwaterandaneedforelectricity.Asdemandforelectricitysoaredinthemiddleyearsofthe20thcentury,andtheeffectivenessofcoalandoilpowerplantsimproved,smallhydroplantsbecamelesspopular.Themajorityofnewhydroelectricdevelopmentswerefocusedongiantmega-projects.

Hydroelectricplantsharnessenergybypassingflowingwaterthroughaturbine.Thewaterturbinerotationisdeliveredtoagenerator,whichgenerateselectricity.Thequantityofelectricitythatcanbeproducedatahydroelectricplantreliesupontwovariables.Thesevariablesare(1)theverticaldistancethatthewaterfalls,calledthe"head",and(2)theflowrate,calculatedasvolumeovertime.Theamountofelectricitythatisproducedisthusproportionaltotheheadproductandtheflowrate.

So,hydroelectricpowerstationscannormallybeseparatedintotwokinds.Themostwidespreadare"highhead"plantsandusuallyemployadamtostockupwateratanincreasedheight.Theyalsostorewaterattimesofrainanddischargeitduringdrytimes.Thisresultsinreliableandconsistentelectricitygeneration,capableofmeetingdemandsinceflowcanberapidlyaltered.Attimesofexcesselectricalsystemcapacity,usuallyavailableatnight,theseplantscanalsopumpwaterfromonereservoirtoanotheratagreaterheight.Whenthereispeakelectricaldemand,thehigherreservoirreleaseswaterthrou

A.6%.B.9%.C.15%.D.60%.

5.ThemostobviousdifferencebetweenrealessaysandthethingsonehastowriteinschoolisthatrealessaysarenotexclusivelyaboutEnglishliterature.Certainlyschoolsshouldteachstudentshowtowrite.Butduetoaseriesofhistoricalaccidentstheteachingofwritinghasgottenmixedtogetherwiththestudyofliterature.AndsoalloverthecountrystudentsarewritingnotabouthowabaseballteamwithasmallbudgetmightcompetewiththeYankees,ortheroleofcolorinfashion,orwhatconstitutesagooddessert,butaboutsymbolisminDickens.

Howdidthingsgetthisway?Toanswerthatwehavetogobackalmostathousandyears.Around1100,Europeatlastbegantocatchitsbreathaftercenturiesofchaos,andoncetheyhadtheluxuryofcuriositytheyrediscoveredwhatwecall"theclassics."Theeffectwasratherasifwewerevisitedbybeingsfromanothersolarsystem.TheseearliercivilizationsweresomuchmoresophisticatedthatforthenextseveralcenturiesthemainworkofEuropeanscholars,inalmosteveryfield,wastoassimilatewhattheyknew.Duringthisperiodthestudyofancienttextsacquiredgreatprestige.Itseemedtheessenceofwhatscholarsdid.AsEuropeanscholarshipgainedmomentumitbecamelessandlessimportant;by1350someonewhowantedtolearnaboutsciencecouldfindbetterteachersthanAristotleinhisownera.Butschoolschangeslowerthanscholarship.Inthe19thcenturythestudyofancienttextswasstillthebackboneofthecurriculum.Whattippedthescales,atleastintheUS,seemstohavebeentheideathatprofessorsshoulddoresearchaswellasteach.ThisideawasimportedfromGermanyinthelate19thcentury.BeginningatJohnsHopkinsin1876,thenewmodelspreadrapidly.Writingwasoneofthecasualties.CollegeshadlongtaughtEnglishcomposition,Buthowdoyoudoresearchoncomposition?Theprofessorswhotaughtmathcouldberequiredtodooriginalmath,theprofessorswhotaughthistorycouldberequiredtowritescholarlyarticlesabouthistory,butwhatabouttheprofessorswhotaughtrhetoricorcomposition?Whatshouldtheydoresearchon?TheclosestthingseemedtobeEnglishliterature.

Andsointhelate19thcenturytheteachingofwritingwasinheritedbyEnglishprofessors.Thishadtwodrawbacks:(a)anexpertonliteratureneednothimselfbeagoodwriter,anymorethananarthistorianhastobeagoodpainter,and(b)thesubjectofwritingnowtendstobeliterature,sincethat'swhattheprofessorisinterestedin.

It'snowonderifthisseemstothestudentapointlessexercise,becausewe'renowthreestepsremovedfromrealwork:thestudentsareimitatingEnglishprofessors,whoareimitatingclassicalscholars,whoaremerelytheinheritorsofatraditiongrowingoutofwhatwas,700yearsago,fascinatingandurgentlyneededwork.

Theotherbigdifferencebetweenarealessayandthethingstheymakeyouwriteinschoolisthatarealessaydoesn'ttakeapositionandthendefendit.Thatprinciple,liketheideathatweoughttobewritingaboutliterature,turnsouttobeanotherintellectualhangoveroflongforgottenorigins.

It'softenmistakenlybelievedthatmedievaluniversitiesweremostlyseminaries.Infacttheyweremorelawschools.Andatleastinourtraditionlawyersareadvocates,trainedtotakeeithersideofanargumentandmakeasgoodacaseforitastheycan.Whethercauseoreffect,thisspiritpervadedearlyuniversities.Thestudyofrhetoric,theartofarguingpersuasively,wasathirdoftheundergraduatecurriculum.Andafterthelecturethemostcommonform.ofdiscussionwasthedisputation.Thisisatleastnominallypreservedinourpresent-daythesisdefense:mostpeopletreatthewordsthesisanddissertationasinterchangeable,butoriginally,atleast,athesiswasapositiononetookandthedissertation

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6.Sleddogsdon'tusereins,instead,theyfollow______.

7.

MakingsurethatBluetoothanditsconnecteddevicesdon'tinterferewithoneanothercanbedifficult.

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8.Thoughpeoplecan'texpecttoliveinaworldfreeofstressanddistress,theycanstill______orreduceitsinfluence.

9.Tograbtheinterviewer'sattention,itisnecessarytoedittimeandtimeagainandmakearesumethatis______.

10.

Incitiesortownswhere______isnotserious,itismorelikelythatblackpeoplewouldenterintermarriage.

11.TheicetonguegrowingoutfromtheGreenlandcoastusedtorejectsaltbackintothewater,making______heavierandhelpingittosink.

12.

SilentSpringcontainedsomuchcarefullycollectedscientificevidencethatitwaswidelyacclaimedasasignificantbookwhenitcameoutintheearly1960s.

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13.CollegeeducationistoblameforthefailureofAmerica'smathandscienceeducation.

14.Theexampleofcrossingthestreetshowsthatthemiddleschoolboyis______.

15.

PrivategroupshelpthosepatientswithAIDSbyorganizingsupportgroupsandestablishingmanyspecialcenterswherepeoplewithAIDScan______.

16.Theonlyproblemthestudentsarefacingatgraduationisthedismaljobmarket.

17.Mothers'gettingolderand______couldalsoaccountfortheobesityepidemic.

18.

______areappliedinconventionalfarmingforweedcontrol.

19.Ifyouhaveanyconcernaboutanewdrugoritssideeffects,youcanaskyourdoctororpharmacistquestions,orcallthedrugcompanyfor______.

20.

Usingwhatyouknowinotherfieldsoffersyouthechancenotonlytotesttheknowledgebutalsotodevelop______.

二、3.ListeningComprehension(20题)21.

【B4】

22.(34)

A.Hetriesonsomeotherthingsthattheothersthinkbest.

B.Heusuallydoesn'tbuyanything.

C.Hespendshourshavingalookround.

D.Hebuysitsolongasitscolorisright.

23.(35)

A.Ihour.B.2hours.C.3hours.D.Fourhours.

24.(28)

A.Totransportwatertohigherplace.

B.Totransportvegetablesquickly.

C.Tobringnutrientstothesoil.

D.Toadjustthesoiltemperature.

25.(31)

A.Theywereinfluencedbyhisbackgroundinengineering.

B.Theywereveryexpensivetotake.

C.Theywereamongthefirsttakenundersuchcondition.

D.Mostofthemwereofpoorquality.

26.(24)

A.Hispoormemory.

B.Hisfatigue.

C.Hislackofdiligence.

D.Hismethod.

27.听力原文：M:Where'sProfessorWhitethismorning?

W:He'salittleundertheweather.Hegotsoakedintheheavyrainthenightbeforelastandyouknowhishealth．

Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutProfessorWhite?

(13)

A.Heisweakinhealth.

B.Hehascaughtacold.

C.Heisverycareless.

D.Heisseriouslyill.

28.(45)

29.(15)

A.Shedidn'tgotoworkthismorning.

B.Shewasinjuredandhadtogotothehospital.

C.Shetalkedwiththebossinthemorning.

D.Thetrafficdelayedher.

30.

【B2】

31.(21)

A.Peoplemightloserespectforeachother.

B.Peoplemighthavelesstrustineachother.

C.Theoperationoftheteamwillnotbeimproved.

D.Therewouldbemoredifferencesbetweeneachother.

32.

【B9】

33.SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.

听力原文：WehavetendedtoviewYogaasakindofforeignreligiousexercisebutinfactfromamedicalstandpoint,theage-oldsetofexercisesknownintheWestas"yoga"offersasignificantvarietyofhealthbenefits.Itincreasestheefficiencyoftheheartandslowstherespiratoryrate,improvesfitness,lowersbloodpressure,promotesrelaxation,reducesstress,andallaysanxiety.Itisnot,initself,acureforanymedicalailment.Atypicalsessionincludesthreedisciplines:breathingexercises,bodypostures,andmeditation.Youmayalsobegivenadviceonnutritionandlifestyle.Eachsessionusuallybeginswithasetofgentlewarming-upexercises.Theteacherwillthenaskyoutofocusonyourbreathing,andmaytakeyouthroughseveralbreathingexercises.Attheverylast,youwillbeaskedtobreathethroughyournose,evenlythroughbothnostrils.Thenit'sontotheyogapostures,aseriesofposesthattypicallymustbeheldforperiodsofafewsecondsorseveralminutes.Asyouassumethevariouspostures,youwillbeaskedtomovegently,withoutjerkingorbouncing.Breathingtechniquesremainimportant.Youwillneedtofocusonexhalingduringcertainmovementsandinhalingduringothers.Likewise,asyouholdcertainpostures,youmaybeinstructedtoinhalethroughonenostrilandexhalethroughtheother.Youwillbeallowedtorestaftereverythreeorfourpostures,andattheconclusionoftheexercises,thereisusuallyaperiodofrestormeditation.

(27)

A.ThebestwaytodoYoga.

B.Thetypicalprocessofyoga.

C.ThemedicalbenefitsofYoga.

D.TherelationshipbetweenhealthandYoga.

34.听力原文：M：Themovieisreallyexciting．Authenticexplosions，spectacularcarchases，excellentspecialeffects，andkungfu，youknow，that'smyfavoritepart．Howdoyoulikeit?

W：IamwonderingwhyIletyoutalkmeintogoing.IreallyshouldhavechosentostayathomeandwatchTV．

Q：Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovie?

(19)

A.Shelikesthekungfupartbest.

B.Shethinksthatitisexcitingandexcellent.

C.Shedoesn'tshowmuchinterestinit.

D.ShethinksitasboringasTV.

35.(29)

A.TotakeanATcourse.

B.Togotoseeasuperior.

C.TotalkwithDr.Albert.

D.Tospeakoutforyourself.

36.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD,anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.

(12)

A.Becauseshefeelsveryhotintheroom.

B.Becauseshewantstoavoidmeetingpeople.

C.Becauseshewantstosmokeacigaretteoutside.

D.Becauseshedoesn'tlikethesmellinside.

37.(32)

A.Becauseshewroteextensivelyaboutaverydifferentculture.

B.Becauseshepublishedhalfofherbooksabroad.

C.Becauseshewonmoreawardsthananyotherwomanofhertime.

D.Becausesheachievedherfirstsuccessverylateinlife.

38.

【B7】

39.听力原文：M:HiDiana,mindifIsitdown?

W:Notatall,Jerry.Howhaveyoubeen?

M:Good.ButI'msurprisedtoseeyouonthecitybus.Yourcarintheshop?

W:No.I'vejustbeenthinkingalotabouttheenvironmentlately.SoIdecidedtheairwillbealotcleanerifweallusepublictransportationwhenwecould.

M:I'msureyouareright.Thedieselbusisn'texactlypollutionfree.

W:True.Butthey'llberunningalotcleanersoon.Wewerejusttalkingaboutthatinmyenvironmentalengineeringclass.

M:What'sthecitygonnado?Installpollutionfiltersofsomesortontheirbuses?

W:Theycould,butthosefiltersmaketheenginesworkharderandreallycutdownonfuelefficiency.Insteadtheyfoundawaytomaketheirenginesmoreefficient.

M:How?

W:Well,thereisamaterialcalledtheconfineoxide.It'sareallygoodinsulator.Andathickcoatofitgetsprayedonthecertainpartoftheengine.

M:Aninsulator?

W:Well,yeah.Actually,whatitdoesistoreflectbacktheheatofburningfuel.Sothefuelwillburnmuchhotterandburnupmorecompletely.

M:Soalotlessunburnedfuelcomesouttopollutetileair,right?

W:Yeah,andthebuswillneedlessfuel.Sowiththesavingsonfuelcost,theysaythiswillallpayforitselfinjustsixmonths.

M:Soundslikepeopleshouldallgooutandgetsomethisstufftospraytheircarengines.

W:Well,it'snotreallythateasy.Yousee,normally,thematerialsarefinepowder.Tomeltitsoyoucansprayacoatofitontheengineparts,youfirsthavetoheatitover10,000degreesandthen,well,yougettheidea.It'snotsomethingyouorIbeabletodoourselves.

(23)

A.Anewfuelforbuses.

B.Thecausesofairpollution.

C.Awaytoimprovefuelefficiencyinbuses.

D.Careersinenvironmentalengineering.

40.听力原文：W：Tom，canyoupickMr．Williamsupattheairport，please?Ihavetoattendanemergencymeeting．

M：IwishIcould．ButIhavescheduledanappointmentwithaveryimportantclient.

Q：Whatisthemangoingtodo?

(15)

A.HeisgoingtopickMr.Williamsup.

B.Heisgoingtoattendanemergencymeeting.

C.Heisgoingtomakesomeappointments.

D.Heisgoingtomeetanimportantclient.

三、4.ReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth)(20题)41.

【C8】

42.

【C3】

43.

FromthepassageweknowthatmostMBAs______.

A.canclimbthecorporateladderfairlyquickly

B.quittheirjobsoncetheyarefamiliarwiththeirworkmates

C.receivesalariesthatdonotmatchtheirprofessionaltraining

D.cherishunrealisticexpectationsabouttheirfuture

44.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

OnaNovemberdayin1999,FrederickMiller,terminallyillwithlungandbraincancer,ateabowlofapplesaucelacedwithbarbiturates(巴比委酸盐).Ninetyminuteslater,withhiswifeNorabyhisside,the52-year-olddiedpeacefully.

ThatsceneoccurredinPortland,Oregon,wheresince1997ithasbeenlegalforadoctortoprescribeafatalcocktailofdrugstopatientswhoareterminallyill.Butthatlaw,theDeathwithDignityAct,hasbeenhotlydebatedformostofitsexistence.In2001JohnAshcroft,thenattorney-generaloftheUnitedStates,claimedthatprescribingdrugstoendlifewasnota"legitimatemedicalpurpose".Thisstartedlegalskirmishing(小冲突)thatlandedtheOregonlawbeforetheSupremeCourt.Butforthemomenttheoptiontotakeone'sownlife,withadoctor'shelp,staysopen.OnJanuary17ththeSupremeCourtruled6-3thatOregoncouldkeepitsassisted-suicidelaw.

Thedecisiondependedlargelyonwhetherstatesorthefederalgovernmentshouldcontrolhowdoctorsdotheirwork.Themajorityofjusticesdecidedthatstatesshould.Butformostpeople,includingthedissenting(持不同意见的)judges,thelegaltechnicalitiesweresecondarytothebiggerquestionofwhetherdoctorsoughttohelppeopleendtheirlives.

OpponentsofOregon'slawinsistthatitissimplylegalizedmurder.Othersseethelawasappropriate,evenenlightened,givingdyingpatientsamuch-neededchoicewhenheroicmedicalprocedurescannothelp."It'snotasifphysician-assistedsuicideisn'thappeningelsewhereinthecountry,"saysTimothyQuill,adoctorandprofessorattheUniversityofRochesterinNewYork."ButinOregonit'soutintheopen,soyoudon'thavepatientsaskingquestionsinsecret,anddoctorsgivingadviceinsecret."

Anothersupporter,ArthurCaplan,thedirectoroftheCenterforBioethics(生物伦理学)attheUniversityofPennsylvania,saysthereisnoevidencethatOregon'slawhasbeenusedto"kill"anyone:"Criticshavebeendesperatetofindsomeonewhotookfataldrugsandwasimhalancedornotterminallyillbuttheyhaven'tbeenableto."HepointstotheprudenceexhibitedbyOregonians,withonly238peopleusingprescribeddrugstoendtheirlives.

ForthosewhouseOregon'slawandtheirsurvivors--suchasFrederickMiller'swidow,NoratheDeathwithDignityActsimplymakessense.HersisterrecentlydiedofcancerinFlorida,anexperiencemorepainfulandemotionallywearingthanFrederick'splanneddeath."WhenRickdiedhewascalmandcomfortable,"saysMsMiller,whonowlivesinPhoenix."Whenhetookthedrugshisbodywasready,andhefelldeeplyasleepalmostimmediately.IjusthopeIhavethatoption,ifIneedit,whenthetimecomes."

FromthefirstparagraphwemayinferthatFrederickMiller______.

A.illwithlungandbraincancer

B.ateabowlofapplesaucelacedwithbarbiturates

C.killedhimselfwithhiswifeNora'shelp

D.chosetotakehisownlifepeacefully

45.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

YearsbeforePresidentBillClintoncametoWashingtonwithhiscampaignpledgetospendanadditional＄20,000millionannuallyonAmerica'sinfrastructure"todeveloptheworld'sbestcommunication,transportation,andenvironmentalsystems,"economistsandothersweretalkingabouttheneedtospendmoreonpublicworks.Theirdebatehasbeenalmostentirelyaboutonequestion:howmuchmore?Usuallyoverlookedintheseindiscussionsistherealinfrastructuredilemmaofthe21stcentury--nothowmuchtospendbuthowtodecidewhattobuildandwheretobuildit.

Forseveralreasons,theoldwaysofdecidingthesematterssimplydonotworkanymore.Americanstodayarefarmoreskepticalaboutthevalueofnewroads,bridges,andsewagetreatmentplantsespeciallywhentheyarelocatedintheirown.backyards.Theirfaiththatdecisionsaboutpublicworkscanbesafelyleftinthehandsofpublicofficials,engineers,andothertechnicalexpertsisgone.

Reflectingin1985uponthefinaldemiseofWestway,theproposedhighwayalongManhattan'sWestSidethathadbeenheldupfor30years,SenatorDanielPatrickMoynihanofNewYorkwrote,"Thereisakindofstasisthatisbeginningtosettleintoourpubliclife.Wecannotreachdecisions.Centralparkcouldnotconceivablybebuilttodayasitwaswhentherewasenoughpoweringovernmenttomakethedecision.Wedon'thavethatcapacity."

Thepersistenceofthepublicworksporkbarrel(地方建设经费)—fundingblatantlypoliticalprojects--hasalsocontributedtopublicskepticism.InthesameyearthatMoynihandecriedthedeathofWestway,localpoliticiansthe＄1,800millionTennesseeTombigbeeWaterway,recentlydescribedbytheAtlantaJournalConstitutionas"abrokenpromise."Aclassicporkbarrelproject,thewaterwaycarriesonlyone-tenththecommercialbargetrafficthathadbeenprojected.

Economists'debatehasneglectedthequestionofhow______.

46.

Whataretherelativemeritsofcars?

47.

Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardmassproducedarticles?

48.SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisashortpassagewith5questionsorincompletestatements.Readthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.

Friendshipheightensthesenseofeachperson'sindividuality.InGermany,adolescentsform.deeplysentimentalattachments,notsomuchtopolishtheirwitsastosharetheirhopesandfearsanddreams,toform.acommonfrontagainsttheworldofschoolandfamilyandtojoininakindofmutualdiscoveryofeachother'sandtheirinnerlife.

Appropriately,inGermanyfriendsareusuallybroughtintothefamily.Childrencalltheirfather'sandtheirmother'sfriends"uncle"and"aunt".BetweenFrenchfriends,whohavechoseneachotherfortheagreementoftheirpointofview,livelydisagreementandsharpnessofargumentarethebreathoflife.ButforGermans,thatmatterofbothisregardedasatragedy.

Englishfriendshipsfollowstillanotherpattern.Theirbasisissharedactivity.Inthemidstoftheactivity,whateveritmaybe,peoplefallintostepsandfindthattheywalkorplayagameortellstoriesorserveonatiresomeandexcitingcommitteewiththesameeasyanticipationofwhateachwilldodaybydayorinsomecriticalsituation.AmericanswhohavemadeEnglishfriendscommentthat,evenyearslater,"Youcantakeupjustwhereyouleftoff."Meetingafteralonginterval,friendsarelikeacouplewhobegintodanceagainwhentheorchestrastrikesupafterapause.Englishfriendshipsareformedoutsidethefamilycircle,buttheyarenot,asinGermanycontrapuntaltothefamilynorarethey,asinFrance,separatedfromthefamily.

AndabreakinanEnglishfriendshipcomesnotnecessarilyasaresultofsomeirreconcilabledifferenceofviewpointorfeelingbutinsteadasaresultofmisjudgment,whereonefriendseriouslymisjudgehowtheotherwillthinkorfeeloract,sothattheyaresuddenlyoutofstep.

Whatthenisfriendship?Lookingatthesedifferentstyles,arethereanycommonelements?Thereistherecognitionthatfriendship,incontrastwithkinship,invokesfreedomofchoice.Afriendissomeonewhochoosesandischosen.Relatedtothisisthesenseeachfriendgivestheotherofbeingaspecialindividual,onwhatevergroundsthisrecognitionisbased.Andbetweenfriendsthereisinevitablyakindofequalityofgive-and-take.Thesesimilaritiesmakethebridgebetweensocietiespossible,andtheAmerican'scharacteristicopennesstodifferentstylesofrelationshipmakesitpossibleforhimtofindnewfriendsabroadwithwhomhefeelsathome.

InGerman,friendshavedeepsentimentalattachmenttowardeachother.Theyaretogethernotto______.

49.Fromthereporttheresearcherpublished,wecanknowthat______.

A.charterschoolsareboomingtheseyears

B.charterschoolsdeliberatelyadmitthebeststudents

C.thestudentsenteringlotterieshavenodifferenceinintelligence

D.teachingmethodsplayanimportantroleintrainingstudents

50.

WhatissaidaboutEuropeansocietyinthepassage?

A.Ithasfosteredthetrendtowardssmallfamilies.

B.ItisgettingclosertoAmericanstyle.capitalism.

C.Ithaslimitedconsumerchoicedespiteafreemarket.

D.Itisbeingthreatenedbyirresistibleprivatization.

51.SectionB

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.

SomeonehascalculatedthatbythetimeanAmericanreachestheageof40,heorshehasbeenexposedtoonemillionads.Anotherestimateisthatwehaveencounteredmorethan600,000adsbythetimewereachtheageofonly18.Now,of