人教版八年级上册Unit4单元知识点总结

Unit3-4知识点总结及检测【教学目标】.熟练单词和短语用法.掌握形容词比较级最高级用法.掌握相关重点词汇【知识梳理】一.知识点讲解与练习形容词、副词的比较级和最高级.意义英语中大多数形容词（性质形容词）、副词是可以分等级的，一般有三个等级：原级，比较级和最高级。形容词、副词的本来形式就是形容词的原级。如：Johnisatallboy.两者间进行比较用到形容词比较级。如：JimistallerthanJohn.三者或者三者以上进行比较用形容词的最高级。如：Mikeisthetallestofthethreeboys.注：（形容词最高级前面要加定冠词the）如：10ng longer longest原级 比较级 最高级Theblackpenisverylong,黑色的钢笔很长。Thebluepenislongerthantheblackone.蓝色的钢笔比黑色的长。Theredpenisthelongestofthethree,红色的钢笔是三支中最长的。.列表如下：构成法原级比较级最高级一般单日节词末尾加-er,-esttall（高的）great（巨大的）tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾nice（好的）nicernicest

的双音节词只加-r，-stlarge（大的）largerlargest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双与结尾的辅音字母，再加-er,-estbig（大的）hot（热的）biggerhotterbiggesthottest“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i,再加-er,-esteasy（容易的）busy（忙的）easierbusiereasiestbusiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er,-estclever（聪明的）narrow（窄的）cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级important（重要的）easily（容易地）moreimportantmoreeasilymostimportantmosteasily不规则变化：6）有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的，必须熟记。列表如下：原级比较级最高级good好的better更好的best最好的well好；（身体）好的，bad,badly糟糕的,糟糕地worse更糟糕的,更糟糕地；（身体）更不舒服的worst最糟糕的，最糟糕地；（身体）最不舒服的ill（身体）不舒服的many许多的（可数）more更多的；更most最多的；最much许多的（不可数）；非常little少的less更少的least最少的far远的；远地farther更远的；更远地farthest最远的；最远地further进一步的（地）furthest最深刻的（地）01d老的older年龄较大的；较旧的oldest年龄最大的；最旧的elder仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼eldest仅表兄弟姊妹之间的长幼形容词最高级的用法.形容词的最高级用于三者或三者以上的人或事物的比较，其中有一个在某一方面超过其他几个。如：Mondayisthebusiestdayforus.对我们来说，星期一是最忙碌的日子。Judyrunsmostquicklyofthefourgirls.在四个女孩中，朱迪跑得最快。.使用形容词最高级时，句中往往会出现由in或of构成的介词短语，用以说明范围。in表示在某一范围内，of表示属性，意为“某一类中的"。of表示比较的对象属于同一范畴;in则表示不属于同一范畴。如：Johnistheheaviestofall.约翰是所有人中最重的。Maryisthemostbeautifulgirlinherclass.玛丽是她班上最漂亮的女孩。形容词最高级的句型结构形容词最高级的句型结构是“主语+动词+形容词最高级+of（in）+其他”。如：ShanghaiisthebiggestcityinChina.上海是中国最大的城市。形容词最高级的常见考点.形容词的最高级前面一般要加定冠词the,而副词的最高级前面定冠词the可以省略。但若形容词最高级前有形容词性物主代词或名词所有格限制时,则不能再加定冠词the。如：Thetallestboyjumps（the）highestinhisclass.最高的那个男孩在他班上跳得最高。（tall为形容词，最高级前要加the；high在此为副词，最高级前可不加the）Ericishisoldestson.艾瑞克是他最大的儿子。（句中的oldest前有形容词性物主代词限制，不能再加the）.常见的用来表示范围的介词有in,of,amongo（1）in表示环境范围，通常用于在一定范围内的比较，后面常常接表示区域、时间、单位、团体等的名词或代词，并且后面的名词和主语不是同一概念的范畴。如：LondonisthebiggestcityinBritain.伦敦是英国最大的城市。(2)of用来表示对象范围，一般用于同类事物之间的比较，且of后面的名词与主语是同一概念的范畴。如：He’sthemostintelligentofallthestudents.在所有学生中，他是最聪明的。(3)among用于在多数同类事物中(通常为三者以上)进行比较，表示其中之最，后面一般接名词或代词。同of一样，也表示对象范围，因此among与of有时可互换使用。.“oneof+the+最高级+可数名词复数”结构表示“在……中最……之一”，是中考常见考点。如：Thisisoneofthemostbeautifulflowersinthegarden.这是花园里最漂亮的花之o.比较级与最高级之间的转换：(1)改写为：比较级+thananyother+可数名词单数。如：WeiHuaisthemostathleticboyinhisclssTWeiHuaismoreathleticthananyotherboyinhisclass.魏华是他班上最健美的男孩。(2)改写为：比较级+than+theother+可数名词复数或比较级+thantheothertwo。如：Robertisthebeststudentintheschool.TRobertisbetterthan(anyof)theotherstudentsintheschool.罗伯特在学校是最好的学生。Thiscomputeristhemostexpensiveofthethree.TThiscomputerismoreexpensivethantheothertwo,这台电脑是三台中最贵的。.最高级前有时可以加序数词，表示“第……个最……的”。如：TheYellowRiveristhesecondlongestriverinChina.黄河是中国第二长河。二、重要词汇No,Iamalittletallerthanher.alittle,mucha10tabit,far,any,no等可以+比较级worksashardasTina.塔拉学习跟蒂娜一样努力。“...(not)as+形容词或副词原级+as...”是一种原级比较，意思为“ 和 (不)一样”。...notas+形容词或副词原级+as...表示双方在某个方面不同。如：HisEnglishisnotasgoodashers.他英语不如她的好。他没有他哥哥工作努力。Hedoesntworkashardashisbrother.他没有他哥哥工作努力。as+形容词或副词原级+as表示双方在某个方面一样。如：Sheisastallasme.她跟我一样高。Irunasfastashedoes,我跑得跟他一样快。辨析beat/win相同点：都是动词，表示“赢”不同：beat+人/win+比赛，竞赛，战争等名词。如：Weplayedverywell,andbeatthem.我们发挥得很好，击败了他们。Theywonthematchthistime. 这次他们赢了这场比赛。about意为“关心；在意”，期中care是动词如：Weshouldcareabouttheoldpeople.我们应该关心老年人。carefor表示“喜欢”，“关心”之意，后接名词或v-ing形式作宾语，takecareof也有这个意思。Hecarednothingforskating.他对滑冰没有兴趣。Inourclass,wecareforeachother.在我们班上，我们相互关心。Mariatakesgoodcareofeverybody.玛丽亚很关心大家。【友情链接】carefor还可以表示"照顾"，"照料"，相当于takecareof或lookafter。Atnighthefedandcaredforthecattle.夜里他照料牲口，给牲口喂食。Youmustcareforyourselves.=Youmust100kafteryourselves.你们要照顾好自己。Thechildrenarewellcaredforinthenurseries.=Thechildrenaretakengoodcareofinthenurseries.孩子们在托儿所受到很好的照顾。thinkagoodfriendmakesmelaugh.我认为好朋友能使我开心。—L牢记：makesb.dosth.使某人做某事make+宾语+形容词使某人/某事怎样如:Ourteachermakesusworktenhoursaday我们老师让我们一天学习10个小时。Hiswordsmakeushappy.他的话使我们感到很高兴。atsb.笑话；取笑（某人）如：口。/七laughatme!不要取笑我！They’rebothtall.他们两个都是高个子。bothadj./pron./adv.两个都 用在be动词后，行为动词前。 Youarebothtooyoung./TheybothspeakEnglish.工Bothof…..+名词复数（复数谓语）Bothoftheflowersarebeautiful.两朵花都很漂亮。both…and…两者都……（复数谓语） 反义词组：neither…nor…两者都不……（谓语单复数按照就近原则）【友情链接】both与allboth指代两者；all指代三者或三者以上如：Myparentsarebothfine。我父母都好。Weareallhere。我们都在这儿。common的用法【教材例句】Alltheseshowshaveonethingincommon... （P29）所有的这些节目都有一个共同特征这对夫妇好像没有什么共同点。allkindsof的用法【教材例句】Allkindsofpeoplejointheseshows.（P29）各种各样的人都参加这些节目。【用法】allkindsof意为“各种各样的；各种类型的“，kind在此用作可数名词，意为“类别；种类”。常用短语有：akindof一种；differentkindsof不同种类的。Eg.ThereareallkindsofbooksinShenzhenLibrary.深圳图书馆里有各种各样的书。【拓展】(1)kind还可用作形容词，意为“和蔼的；亲切的；善良的”。如：It’sverykindofyoutohelpme.你能帮我真是太好了。(2)kindof意为“有几分；有点儿”，常修饰形容词。如：Wefeelkindofcoldhereintheroom.在这个房间里我们感觉有点冷。upto的用法【教材例句】That,suptoyoutodecide.(P29)那由你自己来决定。【用法】beupto意为“是……的职责；由……决定”，是一个习惯用语。beuptosb.todosth.意为“应由某人做某事”，常用于it作形式主语的句子中，有时也用this或that作主语。Eg.Lifeprovidesyouwithtimeandspace.It,suptoyoutofillit.生命只给你时间与空间。如何填满它是你自己的事情。arole的用法【教材例句】Whenpeoplewatchtheshowtheyusuallyplayaroleindecidingthewinner.人们看这样的节目时，通常承担着评判优胜者的角色。【用法】playarole是一种固定表达，意为“发挥作用；有影响”。若要进一步引出具体的内容，后面应用介词in表示，意为“在某事或某个方面起到作用或承担某种角色”，同义短语为playapartin0Eg.Ifyougothere,youwillplayarole.如果你去了那儿，你会发挥作用的。up的用法【教材例句】Somethinkthatthelivesoftheperformersaremadeup.(P29)有些人认为表演者的身世是编造出来的。后提腌(故,,猿恐：(化妆；打扮卜旦粤空组成；形成；构成)Eg.1)It,snottrue.Shemadeitup.

这不是真的。是她编造出来的。ofsixwomen.Thecommitteeismadeupofsixwomen.委员会由六位妇女组成。Hisintelligencemadeupforhislackofpersonalcharm.他的智慧弥补了他的容貌缺陷。ofanoldwoman.Shemadeupforthepartofanoldwoman.她化妆扮演成一个老妇人。【拓展】与up相关的短语CUEUp切裤才rdressupCUEUp切裤才rdressup乔装打扮'wakeup葡豪卜Hgetup起床？站起来]Tidyup收拾；整理|set叩建立stay叩熬夜；不睡觉叩相的短语|set叩建立stay叩熬夜；不睡觉叩相的短语hurryup快点-、beupto是+，,…的职贲[putup搭建；举起[putup搭建；举起Lqturnup调高；出现[pkkup捡起；接[pkkup捡起；接pjgrowup长大；成熟；成长]...seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon’ttaketheseSiowstooseriously,theyarefuntowatch.但是如果你不把这些节目太当回事，它们还是有看头的。...seriously的用法【教材例句】However,ifyoudon’ttaketheseSiowstooseriously,theyarefuntowatch.但是如果你不把这些节目太当回事，它们还是有看头的。【用法】take...seriously意为“认真对待Eg.Weshouldn,ttakemoneytooseriously.我们不应该把金钱看得太重。【拓展】与take相关的短语takecareof照顾；照料7(EkediaFtakecareof照顾；照料7(EkediaF写F;i己F、takesul取出；带 出占卜t心一4旧”比紧张卜takepictumsfphctDN照相『相关的短语takesth.ELway=takcaway片⑶口31H.诚去：拿走lakeaftersh.（外貌或行为）相像（父或母）lakeoff起E；匆匆离去；急忙离开【特色讲解】一、单项选择()istalentedmusicbutIamgoodsports.,at,in,at,in()2.LiHua’sshoesareasasZhangHui’s.A.cheapB.cheaperC.thecheaper()3..—Areyourelaxingyourselfhere—Yes.Itistowalkslowlyalongtheriver.A.fantasticB.boringC.BadD.terrible(),sveryimportantforhimmelaugh.make()5.youdon,tgiveup(放弃)，yourdreamswillcometrue.A.AslongasB.AssoonasC.Aswellasoftenas()issimilarhermother.()don,treallycareifmyfriendsarethesamemeordifferentme.,as,from,from,as()youwanttobeastudenthelper,pleasecallhim443—5667.()ismyfriend.HeislessoutgoingthanIam.more()Beanenjoysjokesandoftenmakesus.tell,tolaugh,laugh ,laugh ,laughing()andhersisterquietandtheysports.both,bothlikeboth,likebothare,bothlikeare,likeboth()youwanttobeastudenthelper,youmustbegoodchildren.()13.heisveryyoung,hecandomanythings.

,but,/C./,though,but,/C./,though,though()canplaydrums,butSamcanplaytennis.,the,/C./,theD./,/()’sbooksarenewthan.【当堂练习】基础演练一、根据句意及首字母或中文提示完成单词Mydaughtershowsa庆赋)inmusic.Thisquestionseemseasy，butnot(每个人)cananswerit.Ourteacheralwaysencouragesustobe(创造性的).LiTaowonthefirstpinthehandwritingcompetition.Youshouldtaketheexamss.Don’tbecareless.—Whatdoyouthinkofourcity倒目前为止)？—Verygood.Icanseealmost (各种各样的)thingshere.二、用所给单词的适当形式填空These(magician)areallfromChina.IthinkYangXiaodansingsless(beautiful)thanLiXin.Whowasthelast(win),Jimmy,JackorLindaTomenjoys(listen)totheradioeverymorning.Mr.Suisthe(poor)ofalltheteachers,butheisthe (hard-working).—Whoisthe(win)ofIamasingerin2013—Sorry,Idon,tknow.Mymothertoldmethething(serious),soIdidn,tknowwhattodo.一Didyoutellhimaboutthatcase一Heworkedso(care)thathedidn,thearwhatIsaid.Thenext(perform)isBen,andhewillplayapianopiece.Somestudentsinourschoolaretruly(talent).

巩固提高三、完形填空AnEnglishtravellerfoundthathehadonly1tobuythetickettogobackhome.Asheknewthatitwould2himonlytwodaysto3toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4.Soheboughtaticketand5Asheknewthatitwould2himonlytwodaysto3toEngland,hedecidedthathecouldeasilydo4.Soheboughtaticketand5theship.Itwastimefeelandwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas8hungrythathetimefeelandwenttobedearly,thenextdayhewas8hungrythathelunch.Hedidn’tgotohaveit.Intheevening,hesaidthathedidn’tcouldn'tstand(忍受)it9“I’mgoingtoeat,hesaid.Eveniftheythrowme10thesea.Afterheateeverythingthewaiter侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(账单，““I’mgoingtoeat,hesaid.Eveniftheythrowme10thesea.Afterheateeverythingthewaiter侍者)putinfrontofhimandhewasreadyforthecomingtrouble.“Bringmethebill(账单，“hesaid.“Thebill,sir”saidthewaiter.Thereisn'tanybill.”Wastheanswer.Ontheshipmealsareincluded（包括）)1.enoughB.alotofmoneymoneyD.enoughmoneys)2.A.spendB.carryC.bringD.take)3.A.gettoB.arriveC.reachD.get)4.A.withfoodB.withoutfoodC.withfoodsD.withoutfoods)5.A.gotingotongotoffgotat)6.A.toB.haveC.forD.fora)7.A.troublewellC.goodD.better)8.A.tooB.soC.suchD.)9.anylongerB.nolongeranylongernolong)10.A.intoB.onC.inD.onto（包括）)1.enoughB.alotofmoneymoneyD.enoughmoneys)2.A.spendB.carryC.bringD.take)3.A.gettoB.arriveC.reachD.get)4.A.withfoodB.withoutfoodC.withfoodsD.withoutfoods)5.A.gotingotongotoffgotat)6.A.toB.haveC.forD.fora)7.A.troublewellC.goodD.better)8.A.tooB.soC.suchD.)9.anylongerB.nolongeranylongernolong)10.A.intoB.onC.inD.ontointhemoneyfortheticket.【当堂检测】一、单项选择。( )1.—Excuseme.Whereisthepostoffice

—Sorry,Idontknow.Imnewtown.A.in B.on C.at D.from( )2.It’sfuntalentshows.A.watchB.towatchC.watchedD.watches( )3.CouldIaskyouquestionsyourserviceA.some;with B.any;aboutC.any;on D.some;about( )4.Ourcityisbecoming.moreandmostbeautifulmorebeautifulandmorebeautifulmoreandmorebeautifulbeautifulandbeautiful( )5.—thewoodenchair—Itstoohard.A.Whatdoyoulike B.HowdoyoulikeC.Whatabout D.Howabout( )6.Wateristhecheapestdrink.Anditisalso.A.healthier B.healthiestC.thehealthier D.thehealthiest( )7.ComehereatChristmas!Youcanbuyclothesinayear.A.thecheapest B.cheaperC.theworst D.worsethanis( )8.Davidisstudentinourclass.Nobodyisthanishim.A.taller;tallest B.taller;tallC.tallest;taller D.thetallest;taller( )9.Peopleinthistownareall,butlittleAlice,sfamilyofall.busy;busythebusiest;busybusy;busythebusiest;busyD.busy;thebusiestC.thebusiest;thebusiestD.busy;thebusiestintheworld.( )10.TheChangjiangRiveristhethirdintheworld.A.longriver B.longriversC.longestrivers D.longestriver二、根据汉语意思补全下列句子，每空一词.这家电影院有最好的音响。Thismovietheaterhas ..影视城等待的时间最短。ScreenCityhasthe ..那是离你家最近的邮局吗Isthatpostoffice yourhome.你可以在鑫鑫服装店买到最便宜的衣服。Youcanbuyclothes inXinxinClothesStore..哪家电台播放最无聊的歌曲Whichradiostation songs三、阅读理解AOursummerholidayslasttwomonths.Inthelastweekoftheholidayswegetreadyforschool.Webuypencils,pens,paper,newbooksandcopybooks.Onthefirstdayofschoolweseeallouroldfriendsagainandwetelloneanotherabouttheholidays.Afterthatwegointoclass.Itishardtokeepquiet(安静的)andpayattention(注意)totheteacher.Healwayssayswithalaugh,“Youforget(忘记)moreintwomonthsthanyoulearninayear.”( )haveofsummerholidays.sevenweeksmonthsweek weeks( )takesusaweekto.books pensandpencilstoschool readyforschool( )tell.friendsabouttheholidaysteacherabouttheholidays

friendsabouttheholidaysteacherabouttheholidaysfriendsabouttheteacher teacheraboutourfriends’holidays( )can,tlistentotheteacher.hard( )teachersaysthat.forgettoomuch learnmuchinayearlearnverymuchintwomonthswilllearnmoreinayearBMrWhitewasatthewindowofatraininastation.HewasgoingtoNewYork,andhewasveryangry.Thetrainbeganmovingandanoldportercametothewindow.MrWhiteshoutedangrilyattheporter,“Igaveyoumyluggage(行李anhourago,butyouhaven,tputitinthetrain.Whyisn,tithere,andwhehaveyouputitTheporterlookedatMrWhiteandsaid,“Ilookedforyoueverywhere,butIdidn,tfindyou.Yourluggageisn,tasfoolishasyouare.You,reinthewrongtrain.ThisoneisgoingtoWashington.”( )Whitewasangrybecausehetfindhisluggagethetrainbeganmovingtfindhisluggagethetrainbeganmovingluggagewaslost,tliketheporter()Whitedidn'tknowtogowasinthewrongtrainthetrainbeganmovingwasinthewrongtrainthetrainbeganmoving( )thestory,waswrong.porter train White( )por