公园优惠年票销售更好服务市民及咖啡店创业计划书

PAGEPAGE13公园优惠年票销售更好服务市民ImprovingtheYearlyPreferentialTicketofBeijingParkstoBetterServetheCitizens论文摘要本论文作者工作于北京市园林部门，主管每年《北京市公园优惠年票》（下称公园年票）的发售工作。公园年票自2021年，根据市政府文件规定开始发售以来，一直得到广大市民，特别是老年人的肯定和赞誉。北京市60岁以上人员，可在每年12月15日至来年1月15日，持本人身份证、老年证到年票适用的12家市属公园，购买下一年度的公园年票，价格50元，持公园年票可在一年中不限次数地到11家公园参观游览，而这12个公园的单次门票价格就达96.2元。因此，该年票非常优惠且实用，老年人购买踊跃。尽管年票很受欢迎，但方方面面的意见也很多。比较集中的意见有：能否增加年票适用的公园数量；能否增加适合60岁以下人员购买的优惠年票票种；能否增加年票的发售点，方便市民就近购买；每年年票的发售时间只有一个月，错过了这段时间，全年就无法享受优惠了，建议增加年票补办点；年票购买手续复杂，等候时间长，建议简化手续，加快售票速度等等。本论文将提高年票发售工作水平，更好地为市民服务为项目进行设计，前期通过市民问卷调查、SWOT分析法等研究方法找出年票工作重点解决的问题和工作方向。中期逐项落实工作措施，通过《项目进度流程表》、《项目负责人工作日志》等形式来检查和保证项目设计内容得到及时调整和如期完成。后期主要采取项目实施前后的情况对比进行评估。经过该项目的实施，本论文设计的年票工作改善提高方案得以顺利地实现：增加了年票票种、年票适用的公园数量以及年票发售点；建立了年票补办点；简化了购票手续等等。年票发售的数量大幅提高，更多的市民享受到了实惠，便捷的服务也赢得了市民良好的口碑。

AbstractThisdissertationpresentsadetailedreportofaprojectimplementedtoimprovetheyearlypreferentialticketofBeijingparks.Thecitizenswhoover60yearsoldcouldbuythiskindofticketjustpaid50yuanfromeveryDecember15tonextJanuary15,thepersonwiththeticketcouldentrythe12municipalparksunlimitedlyduringtheyear.Theticketisverypopularintheelderly.However,problemsexistinthattherearenotenoughparksinvolvedtheticket,insufficientbookingoffices,noticketsforthecitizenswhoyoungerthan60,nochancetobuytheticketafternormaltime,complicatedproceduremakespersonwaitingtoolongwhentheybuyticketsandsoon.Itishypothesizedthatwecansolvetheseproblemsthroughtakingmeasures.Athree-monthprojectwaslaunchedtodesignandcarryout.Scientificresearchmethodsofcustomersurvey,suchasquestionnairesurvey,face-to-faceinterviews,andSWOTanalysiswereusedintheidentificationandanalysisoftheproblems.Flowchart,projectframeworkandseveralothermethodswerealsoadoptedinthedesign,implementationandevaluationoftheproject.Withtheeffortsofallourprojectmembers,weachievedourfinalgoalsuccessfully.Weincreasedtypesoftickettocoverallkindsofcitizens,puttedmoreparksintotheticket,addedtomorebookingofficesandmaintainedtwoofthemallyeararound,simplifiedbookingproceduresandsoon.Theresultsthattheticketsalesincreased,morepeopleenjoyedthebenefitsandconvenienceofthepublicservicewonagoodreputation.

TableofContentsPages1.Introduction…………12SummaryofthePreliminaryresearch……………22.1.Problem……………22.2.Problemanalysis………………22.2.1Currentsituation……………..22.2.2Needsandwantsanalysis……32.2.3SWOTanalysis…………………43.ProjectObjectiveandHypothesis………………53.1.ProjectObjective………………53.2.ProjectHypothesis……………54.ProjectRationale……………………65.ProjectDesign………65.1.Planningactivities……………65.1.1Activitieswithtime-scale65.1.2P95.2.Costing…………95.3.Risksanalysis…………………105.4.Managementandcontrol……………………116.

ProjectImplementation……………116.1.Generalintroductionoftime,placeofprojectimplementation……………………116.2.Theworkingstepsofimplementation……126.3.Monitoring………………………127.

ProjectFindingsandDiscussion………127.1.

Results…………127.2.

Discussion……………………128.

Conclusion………………………12Bibliography…………12Appendix1:Questionnaire……………………12Appendix2:Theprojectframework………12ImprovingtheYearlyPreferentialTicketofBeijingParkstoBetterServetheCitizens1.IntroductionBeijingBureauofparks,ourorganization,inchargeofputtingonsaletheyearlypreferentialticketofBeijingparks.Theyearlypreferentialticketofparkswassoldfrom2021,accordingtorelevantdocumentsofBeijingMunicipalGovernment.Thecitizenswhoover60yearsoldcouldbuythiskindofticketjustpaid50yuanRMB.Thepersonwiththeticketcouldentrythe12parksalltheyearroundunlimitedly.TheseparksincludeTheSummerPalace,TheTempleofHeaven,TheBeihaiParkandsoon,belongtothecitygovernmentdirectly.Theticketisverypopularamongtheelderly.Bytheendof2021,thereare75.6tenthousandpeopleboughttheticketsanduseditoften.However,thecitizenwhoyounger60askedforbuyingtheticketduetoitsconvenience，manypeoplecomplainedthattherearenotenoughparksinvolvedtheticket,insufficientbookingoffices,noticketsforthecitizenswhoyoungerthan60,nochancetobuytheticketafternormaltime,complicatedproceduremakespersonwaitingtoolongwhentheybuyticketsandsoforth.Thecitygovernmentpayaspecialattentiononthiswork,requiresourbureautodoagoodjobonit.AsHeadofparkdepartment,Ihaveresponsibilitytomakeanenoughpreparationwithmycolleagues,andtryourbesttosolvetheseproblems,inordertobetterservethepublic.Basedonthehypothesisthatwecanmakeuseofouradvantagestosolvetheproblemsbyintegratingtheresourcesandcoordinatingallquartersconcerned.Athree-monthprojectwaslaunchedtodesignandimplementfromSeptember1st,2021toNovember31,2021.Aseriesofactivitieswasplannedandcarriedout,suchasconsultedwithpricecontroldepartmenttoaddnewtypesofticketsforthepeopleunder60,withtheparksbelongtoeachdistrictgovernmenttojointheticketandmeantimesetupnewbookingofficesintheseparks,chosentwoofthemmaintainedforthosewhomissedthetimeofsellingticket,simplifiedtheprocessofsellingticket,shortentimethateverycitizenbuytheticketinordertoavoidqueuing,andsoon.Inthewholeprocessofthisproject,IadoptedthosehelpfultechniquesandmethodswhichJohnHiltonintroducedinhisbook“PracticalBusinessProjectandProposal(2021)”.Scientificresearchmethodsofcustomersurvey,suchasfocusgroup,face-to-faceinterviews,andSWOTanalysiswereusedintheidentificationandanalysisoftheproblems.Flowchart,projectframeworkandseveralothermethodswerealsoadoptedinthedesign,implementationandevaluationoftheproject.Theprojectbroughtarapidincreaseinthesalesofticketaftersolvingtheproblems,Meanwhileourworkhadalsobeenaffirmedandpraised.2.Summaryofthepreliminaryresearch2.1 ProblemTheproblemwearefacingisnotenoughparksinvolvedtheticket,insufficientbookingoffices,notticketsforthecitizenswhoyoungerthan60,nochancetobuytheticketafternormaltime,complicatedproceduremakepersonwaitingtoolongwhentheybuytickets2.2 Problemanalysis2.2.1Theprofileoftheyearlyparks’ticketTheyearlyparks’ticketwassoldfrom2021,accordingtorelevantdocumentsofBeijingMunicipalGovernment.Theticketcover12parksincludetheSummerPalace,theTempleofHeaven,BeihaiParkandsoon.CurrentsituationofBeijingparksBeijinghas180registeredparks,whichincludetheWorldCultureHeritage,theparkswithgreathistoryvalue,generalparksandcommunityparks.Theparksoffeeofchargeare39,12ofwhichwithintheyearlyparks’ticket.Mostofthe12parksarethefamous,influentialandpopularinBeijing.Theprofileofthevisitorwiththeyearlyparks’ticketOnlythepersonover60couldbuytheticketaccordingtocurrentpolicy,soweplanedtoaddthetypesoftickettomeetpublicdemands.Wedivideourtargetvisitorswhowanttobuytheticketintothreegroups，differentgroupshouldhavedifferentpreference.Thethreegroupsasfollows:Thefirstgroupisthepeople,whoareolderthantheyearof60.Thesecondgroupisretireeswithcertificationofretirement.Thefinalgroupistherestofpeople.2.2.2Inordertoprovidehighqualityserviceforthecitizens,weleavethesurveyofservicedemandtovisitors.QuestionsWhichagegroupdoyoubelongto?Over60?50-60?Under50?Doyouknowtheyearlyparks’ticket?Therearesomeonebuytheticketeveryyearinyourfamily?Weatherornotconvenienttheticketinuse?Doyouthinkthenumberofparksisenoughintheticket?Doyouthinkthe12ticketofficesareenoughalloverthecity?Ifthetimeofsellingticketsuitableforyouornot?Whereshouldtheticketofficelocate?Whatkindsofservicesshouldbeprovidedindoorticketofficeshall?Doyouhaveanysuggestionsforustoimproveourservice?ComplaintsTherearenotenoughparksinvolvedtheticket,.Therearenotenoughbookingofficesservicedthem.Thereisnoticketsforthecitizenswhoyoungerthan60.Thecitizenshavenochancetobuytheticketafternormaltime.(5)Complicatedproceduremakespersonwaitingtoolongwhentheybuytickets.SuggestionsItshouldaddthetypesofticketstomeetthedemandofpeopleyoungerthan60.Itshouldputmoreparksintotheticket.Itshouldshortentimeofbuyingtheticketavoidwaitingtoolongtime.Thereshouldhavewatermachineandmorechairsinthehallofticketoffice.Itisbetterthattheprocedurecouldbesimplified,sinceoldpeopleoftenforgetcarryingrelevantcertifications.(6)Moreticketofficesshouldbearranged.(7)Itshouldkeeponeortwoticketofficesafterfinishingtheworkofsellingticket,sothatpersoncouldbuyitiftheymissingthesellingtimeorbuyitagainincaseoflosingit.2.2.3Inordertohaveagriponthecurrentsituationsoastomakeanactionprogramtoresolvetheproblemabove,wecarryoutaSWOTanalysisofthesituation,includingourstrength,weakness,opportunityandthreats.Ourconclusionisasfollows:StrengthBeijingMunicipalGovernmentsupportstheworkofsellingtheyearlyparks’ticket.Theyearlyparks’ticketwasalreadypopularamongthecitizensofBeijing.Theysupporttheworkofselling,andprovidesomegoodadvice.Wehavepiledupacertainofexperience,since2021.Mostofbookingclerksmasterthepolicyofsellingexpertly.Theparkshaveenoughworkforcestofinishthetaskofsellingrespectively.WeaknessWeneedapplytothepricecontroldepartmentforaddingnewtypesofticketsforcitizenswhoyoungerthan60.Weneedconferwithparksbelongtowardontakingpartintheticketsandsettingupbookingoffices.Itestimatedthatthequantitiesofsellingticketswillhaveagreatincreaseduetoaddingthetypesofticket.Itisverydifficultforourdepartment,just4personstoorganizeandarrangetoselltheticket.Theworkofsellingwilllastonlyonemonth,includeSaturdayandSunday.Theprocedureofbuytheticketisrelativecomplexfortheoldpersons.Somebookingclerksaregreenhornneedtobetraining.Setupmorefixedticketofficesbesidesthe20parks,isverydifficult.OpportunityWehaveenoughtime,aboutthreemonthstomakepreparationforthesellingof2021ticket.Theenoughworkforcesfromparksprovidedustobechosen.Thepreliminarybudgetforthesellingof2021tickethasbeenconfirmed,aboutRMB1,000,000.TheMediainBeijingisinterestedintheworkofsellingtheyearlyparks’ticket.Wecanleadthecitizenstobuytheticketsinorder.Somecommunitieswithhighenthusiasmwouldliketoprovidetheplacesforustosellthe2021ticketfortheirresidents.ThreatsAlthoughtheworkofsellingwilllastonemonth,thecitizensalwayshurrytobuyitfocusonthefirstweek.Itcertainlywillbuildupheavypressure.Becausetherearethreekindsticketsarethesamewiththedifferentgroups,sothecitizensmaybuythemistakekindtickets.Duetosomebookingclerksaregreenhorns,theyarenotfamiliarwithrelevantpolicy,somecomplainscouldbecausedduringtheprocessofsellingthetickets.Onaccountoftheyearlyparks’ticketisapaperrepresentingvalue,sobogusticketsmayappearinthemarket.3.ProjectObjectivesandHypothesis3.1.

ProjectObjectiveTheproblemwearefacingisthatthereisnotenoughparksinvolvedtheticket,insufficientbookingoffices,noticketsforthecitizenswhoyoungerthan60,nochancetobuytheticketafternormaltime,complicatedproceduremakespersonwaitingtoolongwhentheybuytickets.Theobjectivesaresolvingtheproblemsaboveproperlyandmeetingthedemandofthegeneralpublic.3.2.

ProjectHypothesisItishypothesisthatwecouldmakeuseofouradvantagesandsolvetheproblemsbyintegratingtheresourcesandcoordinatingallquartersconcerned.4.

ProjectRationaleHilton(2021)introducedthoseparticulartechniquesandelementsusedinpreparingabusinessproposalinthebooktitled“PracticalBusinessProjectandProposal”.Iusedsomeofthemtohelpmecarryoutmyproject,suchasface-to-faceinterviews,focusgroups,SWOTanalysis,flowchart,projectframework,andetc.“PracticalProjectDesign”(GuYueguo,2021)demonstratesacompleteprocedurefromtheplanningofaprojecttopresentingprojectreportstepbystepwithconvincingexamples,whichalsoincludesproblemanalysis,projectdesign,projectimplementationandprojectevaluation.5.

ProjectDesign5.1.

Planningactivities5.1.1.Thereareaseriesofactivitiesplannedtotakeplace:1)Conferwithparksbelongtowardontakingpartintheticketsandsettingupbookingoffices.2)Signcontractwithparks3)Applytothepricecontroldepartmentandbegrantedforsellingthreekindsoftickettothreegroups.Thefirstgroupisthepeople,whoareolderthantheyearof60withsenilecardandidentitycard,theycanpay50yuanfortheyearlyparks’ticket;thesecondgroupisretireeswithcertificationofretirement,theyneedtopay100yuanfortheyearlyparks’ticket;thefinalgroupistherestofpeople,theycanbuytheyearlyparks’ticketof200yuan.4)Researchtheflowofsellingticket;reducethenumberofintermediatelinks.5)Trainthebookingclerks.6)Choosetwoofbookingofficeopeningallyearround.7)Prepareforthreekindsofticketanddistributetoeverybookingoffice.8)Pressreleasesthetime,placeandformofsellingticket.9)OpenallbookingofficesandstarttosellticketinDecember15.10)Encourageeveryparktocommunitiessellingticketsinanorganizedway.Itwilltakesevenweekstoimplementtheproject.AndtheActivityFlowChartwithtime-scalecanshowhowtheseactivitiesarearranged.Itwilltaketwelveweekstoimplementtheproject.BytheendofWeekTwoConferwithnewparksandsigncontractsBytheendofWeekFourApplytothepricecontroldepartmentandbegrantedtoaddtwonewkindsofticketsBytheendofWeekSixResearchmeasurestosimplifytheflowofsellingticketBytheendofWeekEightTrainthebookingclerks.BytheendofWeekTenPrepareforthreekindsofticketanddistributetoeverybookingoffice.BytheendofWeekTwelvePressreleasesthetime,placeandformofsellingticket.InWeekThirteenOpenallbookingofficesandstarttosellticketinDecember15WEEKWEEK2WEEK4WEEK6WEEK8WEEK1010WEEK12WEEK13ConferwithnewparksandsigncontractsApplyandbegrantedtoaddtwonewkindsofticketsResearchmeasurestosimplifytheflowofsellingticketTrainthebookingclerksPressreleasesStartsellingticketsPrepareforthreekindsofticketanddistributePAGEPAGE185.1.2Ourdepartmentconsistsof4persons,onlyXiaoWangandIinchargeoftheyearlypreferentialticketofBeijingparks.Wearebothtakepartinmostoftheseactivities,suchasconferwithnewparksandsigncontracts,applytothepricecontroldepartmentandbegrantedfornewkindsofticket,researchmeasurestosimplifytheflowofsellingticketandpressreleases.Weeachhaveindividualresponsibility.Asthedirectorofthedepartment,Iaminchargeofthisprojectandresponsibleformonitoringandevaluationofthewholeproject.Iwouldberesponsibleforcommunicatingwiththepricecontroldepartment,signingcontractwithparks,reportingtheprojectprocesstoourleader.XiaoWangwouldberesponsiblefortrainingthebookingclerks,preparingforthreekindsofticketanddistributingtoeverybookingoffice.5.2.

CostingSixkindsofcostsshouldbeconsideredandtheyare:Trainingcost:TrainingwouldcostRMB3,000Costofequipment:Thepurchaseofcomputers,plasticenvelopmachines,andcurrencydetectorswouldbeRMB436,000 Computers 300,000 Plasticenvelopmachines 6,000 Currencydetectors 10,000 Checkingmachines 120,000 CostofprintingticketsPrintingticketswouldbe250,000CostofPropagandaTheseincludethecostsofexhibitionboards,posterfoldout,andpressconference.ItwouldbeRMB51,000 Exhibitionboards 16,000 Posterfoldout 17,000 Pressconference 18,000Costofstaff:OvertimesalaryforbookingclerkswouldbeRMB160,000.Contingencyallowance:Contingencycostsestimatedas10%ofthetotalcost.ItwouldbeRMB100,000.TOTALCOSTOFPROJECT1000,0005.3.

RisksanalysisBeforeputtingtheplanintopractice,Ifindthatthefollowingproblemsmightaffectthesuccessfulcompletionoftheproject.Theserisksgenerallyfallintothreecategories.PeoplerelatedXiaoWangandInotonlyareinchargeoftheworkofyearlyticket,butalsoresponsibleforotherdailywork.Obviously,ifoneofusgetsbusydoingotherthings,andthenourprojectmightbedelayedquiteseriously.TimerelatedConferwiththepricecontroldepartmentmightneedmoretimethanschedule.Thisdelaywillcauseproblemsfortheproject.ProductorservicerelatedThepricecontroldepartmentmaybedisagreetoaddnewkindsofticketTheward’sparksmaybeunwillingtotakepartintheticket.FaketicketsmaybeappearedinthemarketTheticketsmaynotprintoutontime.5.4.

ManagementandcontrolSinceit’simpossibletoeradicatealltheserisks,Ihavethoughtofthreemeasurestocontrolandmanagetheserisks.Writeadetailreporttothepricecontroldepartmenttorepresentthenecessityandfeasibilityofaddingnewkindsofticket.GivenewlyjoinedtheparksRMB1,000,000asthecompensationofeconomicloss.Takingseveralmeasurestoachievethepurposeofsecurity,suchasBarcoding,Anti-fakelabel.Requiresupplierprintoutallofticketsanddistributetoeverybookingofficeatleastthreeweeksbeforethesellingtime.6.

ProjectImplementation6.1. Generalintroductionoftime,placeofproject

implementationMyprojectimplementationwasconductedduringSeptember10th,2021toDecember15th,2021.Mostofthosedesignandconstructionoftheprojectwastakenplaceinmyshop.6.2. Theworkingstepsofimplementation6.3. Monitoring7.

ProjectFindingsandDiscussion7.1.

Results7.2.

Discussion8.

ConclusionBibliography:Gu,Yueguo,(2021),PracticalProjectDesign,Beijing:ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress.Hilton,J&X,Xian,(2021),PracticalBusinessProjectandProposalDesign,Beijing:ChinaCentralAppendix1:QuestionnaireAppendix2:Theprojectframework

咖啡店创业计划书第一部分：背景在中国，人们越来越爱喝咖啡。随之而来的咖啡文化充满生活的每个时刻。无论在家里、还是在办公室或各种社交场合，人们都在品着咖啡。咖啡逐渐与时尚、现代生活联系在一齐。遍布各地的咖啡屋成为人们交谈、听音乐、休息的好地方，咖啡丰富着我们的生活，也缩短了你我之间的距离，咖啡逐渐发展为一种文化。随着咖啡这一有着悠久历史饮品的广为人知，咖啡正在被越来越多的中国人所理解。第二部分：项目介绍第三部分：创业优势目前大学校园的这片市场还是空白，竞争压力小。而且前期投资也不是很高，此刻国家鼓励大学生毕业后自主创业，有一系列的优惠政策以及贷款支持。再者大学生往往对未来充满期望，他们有着年轻的血液、蓬勃的朝气，以及初生牛犊不怕虎的精神，而这些都是一个创业者就应具备的素质。大学生在学校里学到了很多理论性的东西，有着较高层次的技术优势，现代大学生有创新精神，有对传统观念和传统行业挑战的信心和欲望，而这种创新精神也往往造就了大学生创业的动力源泉，成为成功创业的精神基础。大学生创业的最大好处在于能提高自己的潜力、增长经验，以及学以致用;最大的诱人之处是透过成功创业，能够实现自己的理想，证明自己的价值。第四部分：预算1、咖啡店店面费用咖啡店店面是租赁建筑物。与建筑物业主经过协商，以合同形式达成房屋租赁协议。协议资料包括房屋地址、面积、结构、使用年限、租赁费用、支付费用方法等。租赁的优点是投资少、回收期限短。预算10-15平米店面，启动费用大约在9-12万元。2、装修设计费用咖啡店的满座率、桌面的周转率以及气候、节日等因素对收益影响较大。咖啡馆的消费却相对较高，主要针对的也是学生人群，咖啡店布局、格调及采用何种材料和咖啡店效果图、平面图、施工图的设计费用，大约6000元左右3、装修、装饰费用具体费用包括以下几种。(1)外墙装饰费用。包括招牌、墙面、装饰费用。(2)店内装修费用。包括天花板、油漆、装饰费用，木工、等费用。(3)其他装修材料的费用。玻璃、地板、灯具、人工费用也应计算在内。整体预算按标准装修费用为360元/平米，装修费用共360*15=5400元。4、设备设施购买费用具体设备主要有以下种类。(1)沙发、桌、椅、货架。共计2250元(2)音响系统。共计450(3)吧台所用的烹饪设备、储存设备、洗涤设备、加工保温设备。共计600(4)产品制造使用所需的吧台、咖啡杯、冲茶器、各种小碟等。共计300净水机，采用美的品牌，这种净水器每一天能生产12l纯净水，每一天销售咖啡及其他饮料100至200杯，价格大约在人民币1200元上下。咖啡机，咖啡机选取的是电控半自动咖啡机，咖啡机的报价此刻就应在人民币350元左右，加上另外的附件也不会超过1200元。磨豆机，价格在330―480元之间。冰砂机，价格大约是400元一台，有点要说明的是，最好是买两台，不然夏天也许会不够用。制冰机，从制冰量上来说，一般是要留有富余。款制冰机每一天的制冰量是12kg。价格稍高550元，质量较好，所以能够用很多年，这么算来也是比较合算的。5、首次备