2021届徐州市睢宁县龙集职业中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析

2021届徐州市睢宁县龙集职业中学高三英语期中考试试题及答案解析

第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项

A

ALifelongDevotiontoKeepingPeopleFed

YuanLongpingisaChineseagriculturalscientistandeducator,knownfordevelopingthehybridricevarieties.

YuangraduatedfromtheSouthwestAgricultureInstitutein1953andbeganhisteachingcareeratan

agricultureschool.

Inthe1960s,whenaseriousfoodshortagesweptChina,Yuandecidedtodevotehimselftostudyinghowto

increasetheyieldsofrice.Hethenbeganalifelongconnectionwithrice.

Yuansucceededingrowingtheworld’sfirsthigh-yieldinghybridricevarietiesin1973,whichcouldreacha

yieldofover500kgpermu(about0.067hectares),risingfromthepreviousyieldofonly300kgpermu.Forthe

nextfourdecades,hecontinuedtoworkonresearchanddevelopmentofhybridrice,achievingincreasingly

higheroutputs.In2020,hybridricedevelopedbyYuan’steamachieved1,500kilogramspermuintwogrowing

seasons,anewworldrecord.

InChina,wherericeisthemainfoodforthemajorityofthe1.4billionpeople,theplantingareaofhybridrice

hasreached16millionhectares,or57%ofthetotalplantingareaofrice,helpingfeedanextra80millionpeople

ayear.

Hybridricehasalsobeengrowninover40countries,includingtheU.S.,Brazil,India,Vietnam,

thePhilippinesandMadagascar.Thetotalplantingareaofthehybridricehasreached8millionhectaresoverseas.

Evenafteragreatsuccess,Yuanneverheldhimselfbackfrommakingnewbreakthroughs.In2017,histeam

startedtogrowseawaterriceinQingdao.Thericewasdesignedtogrowinsaline-alkalinelandandsurviveeven

afterbeingcompletelyinseawater.Histeamplannedtodevelopatypeofseawaterricethatcouldbeplantedin

6.67millionhectaresofsaline-alkalinelandacrossChinatoboostthecountry’sriceharvestbyabout20%.In2018,

Yuan’steamwasinvitedtoplantthesaline-alkalinetolerantriceinexperimentalfieldsinDubai,whichachieved

hugesuccess.InJune2020,histeamstartedtogrowseawaterriceonafarmatanaltitudeof2,800metersin

northwestChina’sQinghaiProvince.Theexperimentsucceeded.

Yuanhadtwodreams—to“enjoythecoolunderthericecropstallerthanmen”andthathybridricecould

begrownallovertheworldtohelpsolvetheglobalfoodshortage.

1.WhatmadeYuanLongpingdecidetostudyrice?

A.Aseriousfoodshortage.B.Agriculturedevelopment.

C.Hisinterestinthericeexperiment.D.Hiswishtoplantthetallestriceintheworld.

2.Fromthepassage,weknowthatYuanLongping________.

A.developedavarietyofhybridrice

B.workedasascientistaftergraduation

C.startedtogrowseawaterriceinDubaiin2017

D.grewthefirsthigh-yieldinghybridricevarietiesin1953

3.WecaninferfromthepassagethatYuanLongping’smostoutstandingqualitiesare________.

A.modestandoutgoingB.honestandcreative

C.generousandoptimisticD.responsibleanddevoted

B

SomeyearsagoayoungmanappliedtoalargeUnitedStatesopticalfirmforajobasalensdesigner.He

apologizedforlackoftraining,butonannouncingthatheownedtwocopiesoftheclassicConrady'sApplied

OpticsandOpticalDesign,oneforhisofficeandasecondforhisbedsidetable,hewashiredonthespot.Perhaps

thestorywillberepeatedsomedaywithBuchdahl'sIntroductiontoHamiltonianOpticsasasimilarcertificateof

qualification.

Hamiltoniantheorydescribeswithpowerfulgeneralitytheoverallpropertiesofopticalsystemsconsideredas

‘blackboxes’,althoughitdoesnotdescribethedetailedstructureneededtoconstructthesystemsandachieve

theseproperties.Buchdahl'sbookisthereforeonthesubjectofgeometricaloptics,butitisnotabouthowto

designlenses.Itis,howeveracompactcomprehensiveaccountofthefundamentalsofthetheorywrittenwith

thelensdesigner'sneedsverymuchinmind.Everylensdesignerworthhissalthasatsometimeinhiscareer

attemptedtoapplythebroadconceptsofHamiltonianopticstothesolutionsofpracticalproblems.Successhas

beensufficientlyrarethatthetheory,assuch,hasmadelittledirectcontributiontotechniquesforoptical

instrumentdesign.Thefailureshavebeenfrustratingbecauseoftheobviousfundamentalpowerofthetheory

andbecauseofitsconceptualelegance.Theindirecteffectshavebeenlarge,however,bothincontributingtoan

understandingoffundamentalprinciplesthatgoverntheoverallbehaviorofopticalsystemsandinpointingthe

waytoother,morepractical,theoreticalapproaches.

Buchdahlapproachesthesubjectnotonlyasacapablemathematicalphysicist,butasonewhowitha

knowledgeofpracticalopticshasmadeasignificantcontributiontogeometricalopticaltheory.Buchdahl's

approachhas,overthelastdecade,hadamajorimpactonmodernlensdesignwithcomputers.Thus,hebringsto

thisexpositionofHamiltonianopticsafamiliaritywithpracticalopticsnotusuallyfoundinauthorsonthissubject.

Theauthorclaimshisbooktobenon-mathematical,andindeeditmightbesoviewedbyaprofessional

mathematician.Fromthepointofviewofmanyphysicistsandengineers,itwillappeartobequitemathematical.

Moreover,thisisatightlywrittenbook.Thesubjectmatterisdevelopedwithprecision,andtheauthorexpects

thereader,atverypoint,tobemasteroftheprecedingexposition.

4.Hamiltoniantheorymetwithfailuresasaresultof______.

A.newerfindingrelatedtothewaveparticlenatureoflight

B.verycomplicatedconceptstoodifficulttounderstandbymostlensdesigners

C.toomuchmathematicaldetailinthetheory

D.notenoughpracticalinformationofferedbythetheorytoallowforusebylenscrafters

5.TheauthorofthispassageimpliesthatIntroductiontoHamiltonianOpticsisnecessaryto______.

A.thestudentswhoaremajorinmathematicalgeometry

B.thosewhowanttograspthebasicprinciplesofopticalsystems

C.thelensdesignerswholookforinstructionsonpracticaldesigns

D.thosewhoareinterestedinphysics

6.ThearticlepointsoutthatthegreatbenefitsofHamiltonianopticshavebeenfoundis______.

A.indirectwaysoflearningmathematics

B.afundamentalpowerwithinthetheory

C.theconceptualeleganceofthetheory

D.thepracticalapplicationsofthetheoryinfindingnewapproachestooldproblems

7.Thispassageisprobablyexcerptedfrom______.

A.areviewofabookB.achemistrytextbook

C.anoptician'sessayD.ageneralsciencetext

C

Toshowempathyistoidentifywithanother’sfeelings.Itistoemotionallyputyourselfintheplaceofanother.

Theabilitytoempathizeisdirectlydependentonyourabilitytofeelyourownfeelingsandidentifythem.

Ifyouhaveneverfeltacertainfeeling,itwillbehardforyoutounderstandhowanotherpersonisfeeling.If

youhaveneverputyourhandinaflame,youwillnotknowthepainoffire.Ifyouhavenotexperiencedjealousy,

youwillnotunderstanditspower.Readingaboutafeelingandintellectuallyknowingaboutitisverydifferentthan

actuallyexperiencingitforyourself.

Amongthosewithanequallevelofemotionalintelligence,thepersonwhohasactuallyexperiencedthe

widestrangeandvarietyoffeelings—thegreatdepthsofdepressionandtheheightsoffulfillment,forexample,

—istheonewhoismostabletoempathize.Ontheotherhand,whenwesaythatsomeone“can’trelate”to

otherpeople,itislikelybecausetheyhaven’texperienced,acknowledgedoracceptedmanyfeelingsoftheirown.

Onceyouhavefeltdiscriminatedagainst,forexample,itismucheasiertorelatewithsomeoneelsewhohas

beendiscriminatedagainst.Ourinnateemotionalintelligencegivesustheabilitytoquicklyrecallthoseinstances

andformassociationswhenweencounterdiscriminationagain.Wethencanusethe“reliving”ofthoseemotions

toguideourthinkingandactions.Thisisoneofthewaysnatureslowlyevolvestowardsahigherlevelofsurvival.

Forthisprocesstowork,thefirststepisthatwemustbeabletoexperienceourownemotions.Thismeans

wemustbeopentothemandnotdistractourselvesfromthemortrytonumbourselvesfromourfeelings

throughdrugs,alcohol,etc.

Next,weneedtobecomeawareofwhatweareactuallyfeeling—toacknowledge,identify,andacceptour

feelings.Onlythencanweempathizewithothers.Thatisonereasonwhyitisimportanttoworkonyourown

emotionalawarenessandsensitivity—inotherwords,tobe“intouchwith”yourfeelings.

8.Howdoestheauthorexplainthefeelingsofempathy?

A.Bygivingexamples.B.Byhavingclassification.

C.Bymakingcomparison.D.Byprovidingdata.

9.Whichstatementmaytheauthoragreewith?

A.Lowlevelofempathyleadstofewervarietiesoffeelings.

B.Thedeeperone’sfeelingsare,themoreempatheticoneis.

C.Empathyisawaywerecentlypickedupforbettersurvival.

D.Richexperiencesmaynotgowithahighlevelofempathy.

10.What’sthepurposeofthelasttwoparagraphsofthetext?

A.Toadviseasincereattitudetoone’sexperiences.

BTosuggestarightunderstandingofempathy.

C.Torequirearealbondwithone’semotions.

D.Tocallfortrueacceptanceofone’sfeelings.

11.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.HowEmpathyUnfoldsB.BeOpentoYourEmotions

C.WhyIsEmpathyImportantD.AcceptYourTrueSelf

D

JanetFein,aged84,receivedherbachelor'sdegreefromtheUniversitylastweek,havingwaitedalongtime

forherchancetoreachthatgoal.

GrowingupintheBronxareaofNewYorkCity,Feinworkedatadressmanufactureraftergraduatingearlyat

theageof16.Aftergettingmarried,shespent18yearsstayinghomewithherchildren.Sheheldseveraljobs

throughherlife,including20yearsasasecretaryatahospitaluntilherretirementatage77.

Feinhashadafulllife.Buteventhen,shewasnotreadytotakeiteasyandrestduringawell-earned

retirement.Shedecidedtomajorinsociologybecauseshefeltitwas“substantial.”

Feintookpartinastateprogramthatletspeoplewhoare65andoldertakefreeclassesatpublicuniversities

inTexasandkeptgoingtoclassevenasherhealthconditionsworsened.Duringherstudies,itbecamenecessary

forhertouseawalkertogetaroundandsherequiredoxygen.Shealsodevelopedkneeproblems.So,Feintook

onlineclassestofinishthelastpartofherdegreerequirements.

SheilaRollerson,Fein'scollegeadvisor,andCarol,theprofessortoldthemediathatFeinnevershowedsigns

ofgivingupevenwithallofherdifficulties.Shewouldspeakupalotinclassanditjustmadeforamore

interestingclass.

FeinhasalsoinspiredReneeBrown,oneofFein'scaregivers.At53,Reneeplanstobeginnursingschoolto

furtherhercareer.“Renee,youcandoit.IfIcandoityoucandoit,andyouwillfeelsogoodaboutit,”Brown

rememberswhatFeintoldher.

12.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A.JanetFein'sgrowthB.JanetFein'saimC.JanetFein'sjobexperiences

D.JanetFein'sregrets

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“substantial”inparagraph3referto?

A.InterestingB.Valuable

C.EasyD.Affordable

14.WhatcanbelearnedaboutFeinaccordingtothepassage?

A.Feinlivedonlittlemoneyafterherretirement.

B.Feinhadaproblemwithherarmswhileatuniversities.

C.TheInternetplayedaroleinFein'suniversityeducation.

D.ThegoodhealthhelpedFeingetherbachelor'sdegree.

15.WhatisJanetFeinlikeaccordingtothepassage?

A.Hardworkingandhumorous.B.Determinedandgenerous.

C.Positiveandpatient.D.Inspiringandperseverant.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项

Doyoualwaysconcernyourselfwithyourkid’splaydates?Doyousendthemupstairstoget

changed?____16____Putthatredpenbackinyourpurse,becausemicromanagingyourkidsislikelytodomore

harmthangood.

Micromanagingorover-parentingcomesinmanyforms.Howeveritpresentsitself,itcangivechildrenthe

impressionthatparentsdon’thaveconfidenceinthem,andthiscanleadtoproblems.Kidswhoare

micromanagedcouldalsogrowusedtoanunearnedlevelofsuccess,whichmaydoharmtotheirattitudetowards

workandlife.Parentswhomicromanagetheirkidssometimesstrugglewithasenseofcontrol.____17____

Sowhatshouldparentsdo?Formodernparents,itcanbeabalancebetweenhealthyinvolvementinyour

kid'slifeandmicromanaging.Itcanbeespeciallydifficulttoknowwherethelineiswhenitcomestotheinternet.

Weliveinadigitalage.____18____Tohelpyouwalkthatfineline,parentsshouldbefrankaboutit.Ifthey're

hidingtheirphoneoractingsecretively,aslightlydifferentconversationaboutthehealthoftheironlineactivity

mightbeneeded.

Breakingamicromanaginghabitisn'teasy.____19____Youcouldrelaxyourgripinfairlyinconsequential

areas,likelettingyourchilddecidewhatclothestowear.Theplussideisthatifyoubackoffaboutlittlethings,

yourwordsmightcarrymoreweightwhenitcomestothebigthings.____20____Therefore,youcanletyour

childrensucceed,fail,andfigureoutlifeontheirown.

A.Butlikeanybadhabit,startsmall.

B.Doyouliketalkingwithyourkids?

C.Micromanagingcanbeasignofanxietyinthem.

D.Doyoustaywiththemwhilethey'redoinghomework?

E.Youcanalsoformahealthierrelationshipwithyourkids.

F.Keepyoureyesopenforthechangesinyourkids'behavior.

G.It'simportantforparentstocareabouttheirkids'activityonline.

第二部分语言运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项

Hecouldhaveplaceditinacornerorcouldhavesoldittoafrienddownthestreetorastrangerona

shoppingwebsite.___21___DaveKellner,ofRiegelsville,decidedtosharehisbelovedcello(大提琴)withayoung

musicianwithabilityandambitionwhodidn't___22___one.

OnFriday,the69-year-oldman___23___theEastonAreaMiddleSchoolto___24___presenthiscellotoAnna

Smith,aseventh-graderwhoplaysintheschoolorchestra(管弦乐队).

Kellner___25___thecellonineyearsagowhenheretiredanddecidedtostarta___26___.Hespenttwoyears

tryingtoimprovehisskills,buttheeffectsofarthritis(关节炎)madeit___27___forhimtogoonpractising.

Hecouldhave___28___thecellotothedistrict'smusicprogramme.Buthewanteditinthehandsofa

talented,serous-mindedlocal___29___whocouldn'taffordtopurchaseacello.DonnaPalmer,directorofthe

schoolorchestra,saiditwasdifficultto____30____afternarrowingdownthefieldtothreeworthy

students.____31____,theinstrumentwasgiventoa13-year-oldwhosaysshehopesto____32____thecellofor

therestofherlife.

Becauseofhiskindact,Kellnerwillbeabletoexperiencethe____33____ofhearingitplayedatspring

musicalconcert.Andknowingshehasanotherfaninthe____34____couldhelpkeepSmithmotivatedtopractise

andperhapseventually____35____thecello.

Kellner's____36____toreachoutandimprovethelifeofatalented,youngmusicianis____37____.Agood

cellocancostroughly$2,000.That'sahigh____38____formanypoorfamilies.Inthehandsofachildwithtalent

anddetermination,itcan____39____alife.Here'shopingthattherearemoreDaveKellnersouttherewho

understandthevalueofpassingona(n)____40____musicalinstrument.

21.A.ButB.SoC.AndD.Or

22.A.needB.acceptC.deserveD.have

23.A.stayedatB.arrivedatC.passedbyD.movedinto

24.A.secretlyB.personallyC.anxiouslyD.normally

25.A.borrowedB.discoveredC.boughtD.advertised

26.A.schoolB.companyC.hobbyD.programme

27.A.unnecessaryB.probableC.suitableD.difficult

28.A.donatedB.reportedC.addedD.connected

29.A.teacherB.friendC.actorD.student

30.A.decideB.explainC.stopD.discuss

31.A.ByallmeansB.IntheendC.AtleastD.Aboveall

32.A.buyB.borrowC.keepD.play

33.A.lifeB.effectC.joyD.loss

34.A.hospitalB.armyC.classroomD.audience

35.A.masterB.sellC.returnD.miss

36.A.decisionB.planC.goalD.permission

37.A.interestingB.disappointingC.satisfyingD.inspiring

38.A.levelB.priceC.qualityD.risk

39.A.saveB.endC.changeD.live

40.A.expensiveB.traditionalC.belovedD.useless

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式

Afamilycanbetwoormorepeoplewhosharegoalsandvalues,havelong-termcommitmentstoone

another,andusuallylivein____41.____samehouse.Familiesrangefromallsortsof____42.____(race),formsand

sizes.Familiesdifferinvariouswaysbuteachonehas____43.____(it)owndefinitionofahappyhomeandfamily.

So,whatmakesahappyfamily?Therearemanyimportantfactorsthatmakeahappyfamily.

Orderisoneoftheimportantfactorsthatmakeahappyfamily.Withorderthereisnochaos

or____44.____(confuse)inthehome.Awell-organizedfamilywillbeabletofunctionsmoothlyandeasily

in____45.____(complete)varioustasksthateachindividualmustdo.Wheneachindividualknowshis/herown

responsibility,he/sheiscapableandabletobring____46.____(much)harmonyandpeaceinthehome.

Qualitytimeisdefinitelyoneaspecttohavingahappyfamily.Thisqualitytime____47.____(spend)together

asafamilynomatterwhattheactivityiswill____48.____(sure)strengthenafamily’srelationship.____49.____is

oftenthecase,qualitytimehelpstod