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QuantikineÒ
RatTNF-aImmunoassay
CatalogNumberRTA00
SRTA00
PRTA00
Forthequantitativedeterminationofrattumornecrosisfactoralpha(TNF-a
concentrationsincellculturesupernates,ratserum,andplasma.
Thispackageinsertmustbereadinitsentiretybeforeusingthisproduct.
FORRESEARCHUSEONLY.
NOTFORUSEINDIAGNOSTICPROCEDURES.
TABLEOFCONTENTS
ContentsPage
INTRODUCTION2PRINCIPLEOFTHE
ASSAY..................................3LIMITATIONSOFTHE
PROCEDURE3PRECAUTION..........................................3
TECHNICALHINTS3MATERIALS
PROVIDED....................................4STORAGE5OTHER
SUPPLIESREQUIRED.................................5SAMPLE
COLLECTIONANDSTORAGE6SAMPLE
PREPARATION....................................6REAGENT
PREPARATION7ASSAY
PROCEDURE......................................8PROCEDURE
SUMMARYANDCHECKLIST9CALCULATIONOF
RESULTS.................................10TYPICALDATA10
PRECISION..........................................11RECOVERY11
LINEARITY...........................................12SENSITIVITY12
CALIBRATION.........................................13SAMPLE
VALUES13SPECIFICITY.........................................13
REFERENCES14PLATELAYOUT........................................15
MANUFACTUREDANDDISTRIBUTEDBY:
R&DSystems,Inc.TELEPHONE:(800343-7475
614McKinleyPlaceNE(612379-2956
Minneapolis,MN55413FAX:(612656-4400
UnitedStatesofAmericaE-MAIL:info@RnDS
DISTRIBUTEDBY:
R&DSystemsEurope,Ltd.
19BartonLaneTELEPHONE:+44(01235529449
AbingdonScienceParkFAX:+44(01235533420
Abingdon,OX143NBE-MAIL:info@RnDSystems.co.uk
UnitedKingdom
R&DSystemsChinaCo.Ltd.
24A1HuaMinEmpirePlazaTELEPHONE:+86(2152380373
726WestYanAnRoadFAX:+86(2152371001
ShanghaiPRC200050E-MAIL:info@RnDSystemsC
INTRODUCTION
Tumornecrosisfactoralpha(TNF-a,alsoknownascachectin;andtumornecrosis
factorbeta(TNF-b,alsoknownaslymphotoxin,aretwocloselyrelatedproteins
(approximately34%aminoacidsequenceidentitythatbindtothesamecellsurface
receptorsandshowmanycommonbiologicalfunctions.TNF-aand-bplaycriticalroles
innormalhostresistancetoinfectionandtothegrowthofmalignanttumors,servingas
immunostimulantsandasmediatorsoftheinflammatoryresponse.Over-productionof
TNFs,however,hasbeenimplicatedasplayingaroleinanumberofpathological
conditions,includingcachexia,septicshock,andautoimmunedisorders.TNF-ais
producedbyactivatedmacrophagesandothercelltypesincludingTandBcells,NK
cells,LAKcells,astrocytes,endothelialcells,smoothmusclecellsandsometumorcells
(1-4.
RatTNF-acDNAencodesa235aminoacid(aaresiduetypeIImembraneprotein(5.
The156aaresiduesolubleTNF-aisreleasedfromtheC-terminusofthe
membrane-anchoredTNF-abyTNF-a-convertingenzyme(TACE,amatrix
metalloprotease(6,7.Themembrane-anchoredformofTNF-ahasbeenshowntohave
lyticactivityandmayalsoplayanimportantroleinintercellularcommunication(8.The
biologicallyactiveTNF-ahasbeenshowntoexistasatrimer(9,10.
TwodistinctTNFreceptors,referredtoastypeI(ortypeBorp55andtypeII(or
typeAorp75,thatspecificallybindTNF-aandTNF-bwithequalaffinityhavebeen
identified(11,12.ThetwoTNFreceptorstransducesignalsindependentlyofoneanother.
Theaminoacidsequenceoftheextracellulardomainsofthetworeceptorsare
homologousandbothreceptorsaremembersoftheTNFreceptorfamilywhichalso
includetheNGFreceptor,fasantigen,CD27,CD30,andCD40.Theintracellular
domainsofthetworeceptorsareapparentlyunrelated,suggestingthatthetworeceptors
employdifferentsignaltransductionpathways.Solubleformsofbothtypesofreceptors
havebeenfoundinhumanserumandurine(13-15.Thesesolublereceptorsarecapable
ofneutralizingthebiologicalactivitiesoftheTNFsandmayservetomodulatethe
activitiesofTNF.
TheQuantikineRatTNF-aImmunoassayisa4.5hoursolidphaseELISAdesigned
tomeasureratTNF-alevelsincellculturesupernates,serum,andplasma.Itcontains
E.coli-expressedrecombinantratTNF-aandantibodiesraisedagainstthe
recombinantfactor.Thisimmunoassayhasbeenshowntoquantitatetherecombinantrat
TNF-aaccurately.ResultsobtainedusingnaturalratTNF-ashoweddoseresponsecurves
thatwereparalleltothestandardcurvesobtainedusingtherecombinantkitstandards.
TheseresultsindicatethattheQuantikineRatTNF-aImmunoassaykitcanbeusedto
determinerelativemassvaluesfornaturalratTNF-a.
PRINCIPLEOFTHEASSAY
Thisassayemploysthequantitativesandwichenzymeimmunoassaytechnique.A
monoclonalantibodyspecificforratTNF-ahasbeenpre-coatedontoamicroplate.
Standards,Control,andsamplesarepipettedintothewellsandanyratTNF-apresentis
boundbytheimmobilizedantibody.Afterwashingawayanyunboundsubstances,an
enzyme-linkedpolyclonalantibodyspecificforratTNF-aisaddedtothewells.
Followingawashtoremoveanyunboundantibody-enzymereagent,asubstratesolution
isaddedtothewells.Theenzymereactionyieldsablueproductthatturnsyellowwhen
theStopSolutionisadded.Theintensityofthecolormeasuredisinproportiontothe
amountofratTNF-aboundintheinitialstep.Thesamplevaluesarethenreadoffthe
standardcurve.
LIMITATIONSOFTHEPROCEDURE
·FORRESEARCHUSEONLY.NOTFORUSEINDIAGNOSTIC
PROCEDURES.
·Thekitshouldnotbeusedbeyondtheexpirationdateonthekitlabel.
·Donotmixorsubstitutereagentswiththosefromotherlotsorsources.
·Ifsamplesgeneratevalueshigherthanthehigheststandard,furtherdilutethe
sampleswithCalibratorDiluentandrepeattheassay.
·Anyvariationinoperator,pipettingtechnique,washingtechnique,incubationtime
or
temperature,andkitagecancausevariationinbinding.
·Thisassayisdesignedtoeliminateinterferencebysolublereceptors,binding
proteins,andotherfactorspresentinbiologicalsamples.Untilallfactorshavebeentested
intheQuantikineImmunoassay,thepossibilityofinterferencecannotbeexcluded.
PRECAUTION
TheStopSolutionprovidedwiththiskitisanacidsolution.Weareye,hand,face,
andclothingprotectionwhenusingthismaterial.
TECHNICALHINTS
·Whenmixingorreconstitutingproteinsolutions,alwaysavoidfoaming.
·Toavoidcross-contamination,changepipettetipsbetweenadditionsofeach
standardlevel,betweensampleadditions,andbetweenreagentadditions.Also,use
separate
reservoirsforeachreagent.
·Whenusinganautomatedplatewasher,addinga30secondsoakperiodfollowing
theadditionofwashbuffer,and/orrotatingtheplate180degreesbetweenwashsteps
mayimproveassayprecision.
·Forbestresults,pipettereagentsandsamplesintothecenterofeachwell.
·Itisrecommendedthatthesamplesbepipettedwithin15minutes.
·Toensureaccurateresults,properadhesionofplatesealersduringincubationsteps
isnecessary.
·SubstrateSolutionshouldremaincolorlessuntiladdedtotheplate.KeepSubstrate
Solutionprotectedfromlight.SubstrateSolutionshouldchangefromcolorlessto
gradationsofblue.
·StopSolutionshouldbeaddedtotheplateinthesameorderastheSubstrate
Solution.
Thecolordevelopedinthewellswillturnfrombluetoyellowuponadditionofthe
StopSolution.
MATERIALSPROVIDED
DescriptionPart#Cat.#
RTA00
Cat.#
SRTA00
RatTNF-aMicroplates-96wellpolystyrenemicroplates
(12stripsof8wellscoatedwithamonoclonalantibodyspecific
forratTNF-a.
8906822plates6plates
RatTNF-aConjugate-23mL/vialofapolyclonalantibody
againstratTNF-aconjugatedtohorseradishperoxidasewith
preservatives.
8926681vial3vials
RatTNF-aStandard-1.6ng/vialofrecombinantratTNF-aina
bufferedproteinbasewithpreservatives;lyophilized.8906843vials9vialsRatTNF-
aControl-RecombinantratTNF-ainabuffered
proteinbasewithpreservatives;lyophilized.Theconcentration
rangeofratTNF-aafterreconstitutionisshownontheviallabel.
TheassayvalueoftheControlshouldbewithintherange
specifiedonthelabel.
8906853vials9vials
AssayDiluentRD1-41-12.5mL/vialofabufferedproteinbase
withpreservatives.8955141vial3vialsCalibratorDiluentRD5-17-21mL/vialofa
bufferedprotein
basewithpreservatives.8955122vials6vialsWashBufferConcentrate-50mL/vial
ofa25-foldconcentrated
solutionofabufferedsurfactantwithpreservative.8950241vial3vialsColor
ReagentA-12.5mL/vialofstabilizedhydrogenperoxide.8950001vial3vialsColor
ReagentB-12.5mL/vialofstabilizedchromogen
(tetramethylbenzidine.8950011vial3vialsStopSolution-23mL/vialofadiluted
hydrochloricacidsolution.8951741vial3vialsPlateCovers-Adhesivestrips.___8
strips24stripsRTA00containssufficientmaterialstorunELISAsontwo96wellplates.
SRTA00(SixPakcontainssufficientmaterialstorunELISAsonsix96wellplates.
ThiskitisalsoavailableinaPharmPak(R&DSystems,Catalog#PRTA00.
PharmPakscontainsufficientmaterialstorunELISAson50microplates.Specificvial
countsofeachcomponentmayvary.Pleaserefertotheliteratureaccompanyingyour
orderforspecificvialcounts.
*Providedthisiswithintheexpirationdateofthekit.
OTHERSUPPLIESREQUIRED
·Microplatereadercapableofmeasuringabsorbanceat450nm,withthecorrection
wavelengthsetat540nmor570nm.
·Pipettesandpipettetips.
·Deionizedordistilledwater.
·Squirtbottle,manifolddispenser,orautomatedmicroplatewasher.
·100mLand1000mLgraduatedcylinders.
·Polypropylenetesttubesfordilution.
SAMPLECOLLECTIONANDSTORAGE
CellCultureSupernates-Removeparticulatesbycentrifugationandassay
immediatelyoraliquotandstoresamplesat£-20°C.Avoidrepeatedfreeze-thawcycles.
Serum-Allowbloodsamplestoclotfor2hoursatroomtemperaturebefore
centrifugingfor20minutesat1000xg.Removeserumandassayimmediatelyoraliquot
andstoresamplesat£-20°C.Avoidrepeatedfreeze-thawcycles.
Plasma-CollectplasmausingEDTAorheparinasananticoagulant.Centrifugefor
20minutesat1000xgwithin30minutesofcollection.Assayimmediatelyor
aliquotandstoresamplesat£-20°C.Avoidrepeatedfreeze-thawcycles.
Note:Grosslyhemolyzedorlipemicsamplesmaynotbesuitableformeasurementof
ratTNF-awiththisassay.
SAMPLEPREPARATION
Ratserumandplasmasamplesrequirea2-folddilutionintoCalibratorDiluentRD5-
17priortoassay.Asuggested2-folddilutionis75mLsample+75mLCalibrator
DiluentRD5-17.Mixwell.
Ratcellculturesupernatesamplesrequirea3-folddilutionintoCalibratorDiluent
RD5-17priortoassay.Asuggested3-folddilutionis50mLsample+100mLCalibrator
DiluentRD5-17.Mixwell.
REAGENTPREPARATION
Bringallreagentstoroomtemperaturebeforeuse.
RatTNF-aKitControl-ReconstitutetheKitControlwith1.0mLdeionizedor
distilledwater.AssaytheControlundiluted.
WashBuffer-Ifcrystalshaveformedintheconcentrate,warmtoroomtemperature
andmixgentlyuntilthecrystalshavecompletelydissolved.ToprepareenoughWash
Bufferforoneplate,add25mLWashBufferConcentrateintodeionizedordistilled
watertoprepare625mLofWashBuffer.
SubstrateSolution-ColorReagentsAandBshouldbemixedtogetherinequal
volumeswithin15minutesofuse.Protectfromlight.100mLoftheresultantmixtureis
requiredperwell.RatTNF-aStandard-ReconstitutetheratTNF-aStandardwith2.0mL
ofCalibrator
DiluentRD5-17.Donotsubstituteotherdiluents.Thisreconstitutionproducesa
stocksolutionof800pg/mL.Allowthestandardtositforaminimumof5minuteswith
gentlemixingpriortomakingdilutions.
Usepolypropylenetubes.Pipette200mLofCalibratorDiluentRD5-17intoeach
tube.Usethestocksolutiontoproduceadilutionseries(below.Mixeachtube
thoroughlybeforethenexttransfer.TheundilutedratTNF-aStandardservesasthehigh
standard(800pg/mL.CalibratorDiluentRD5-17servesasthezerostandard(0pg/mL.
ASSAYPROCEDURE
Bringallreagentsandsamplestoroomtemperaturebeforeuse.Itis
recommendedthatallsamples,standards,andcontrolbeassayedinduplicate.
1.Preparereagents,workingstandards,control,andsamplesasdirectedinthe
previous
sections.
2.Removeexcessmicroplatestripsfromtheplateframe,returnthemtothefoil
pouch
containingthedesiccantpack,andreseal.
3.Add50mLofAssayDiluentRD1-41toeachwell.
4.Add50mLofStandard,Control,orsample*toeachwell.Mixbygentlytapping
theplate
framefor1minute.Coverwiththeadhesivestripprovided.Incubatefor2hoursat
roomtemperature.Aplatelayoutisprovidedtorecordstandardsandsamplesassayed.
5.Aspirateeachwellandwash,repeatingtheprocessfourtimesforatotaloffive
washes.
WashbyfillingeachwellwithWashBuffer(400mLusingasquirtbottle,manifold
dispenser,orautowasher.Completeremovalofliquidateachstepisessentialto
goodperformance.Afterthelastwash,removeanyremainingWashBufferbyaspirating
orbyinvertingtheplateandblottingitagainstcleanpapertowels.
6.Add100mLofRatTNF-aConjugatetoeachwell.Coverwithanewadhesive
strip.
Incubatefor2hoursatroomtemperature.
7.Repeattheaspiration/washasinstep5.
8.Add100mLofSubstrateSolutiontoeachwell.Incubatefor30minutesatroom
temperature.Protectfromlight.
9.Add100mLofStopSolutiontoeachwell.Gentlytaptheplatetoensurethorough
mixing.
10.Determinetheopticaldensityofeachwellwithin30minutes,usingamicroplate
reader
setto450nm.Ifwavelengthcorrectionisavailable,setto540nmor570nm.If
wavelengthcorrectionisnotavailable,subtractreadingsat540nmor570nmfrom
thereadingsat450nm.Thissubtractionwillcorrectforopticalimperfectionsintheplate.
Readingsmadedirectlyat450nmwithoutcorrectionmaybehigherandless
accurate.*SamplesrequiredilutionasdirectedintheSamplePreparationsection.
PROCEDURESUMMARYANDCHECKLIST
CALCULATIONOFRESULTS
Averagetheduplicatereadingsforeachstandard,control,andsampleandsubtract
theaveragezerostandardopticaldensity.
Createastandardcurvebyreducingthedatausingcomputersoftwarecapableof
generatingafourparameterlogistic(4-PLcurve-fit.Asanalternative,constructa
standardcurvebyplottingthemeanabsorbanceforeachstandardonthey-axisagainst
the
concentrationonthex-axisanddrawabestfitcurvethroughthepointsonthegraph.
ThedatamaybelinearizedbyplottingthelogoftheratTNF-aconcentrationsversusthe
logoftheO.D.andthebestfitlinecanbedeterminedbyregressionanalysis.This
procedurewillproduceanadequatebutlessprecisefitofthedata.
Becausesampleshavebeendiluted,theconcentrationreadfromthestandardcurve
mustbemultipliedbythedilutionfactor.
TYPICALDATA
Thisstandardcurveisprovidedfordemonstrationonly.Astandardcurveshouldbe
generatedforeachsetofsamplesassayed.
(pg/mL
012.52550100200400800O.D.0.0340.0340.0850.0800.1280.1270.2140.2160.3830.3
720.6920.6981.2181.2222.0231.988
Average0.0340.0820.1280.2150.3780.6951.2202.006
Corrected
___0.0480.0940.1810.3440.6611.1861.972
PRECISION
Intra-assayPrecision(Precisionwithinanassay
Threesamplesofknownconcentrationweretestedtwentytimesononeplateto
assessintra-assayprecision.
Inter-assayPrecision(Precisionbetweenassays
Threesamplesofknownconcentrationweretestedintwentyassaystoassessinter-
assayprecision.
Intra-assayPrecisionInter-assayprecision
Sample123123
n202020202020
Mean(pg/mL6523259363246656
Standard
6.123.657.6
deviation
CV(%
RECOVERY
TherecoveryofratTNF-aspikedtothreelevelsthroughouttherangeoftheassayin
variousmatriceswasevaluated.
*SamplesweredilutedasdirectedintheSamplePreparationsection.
LINEARITY
Toassessthelinearityoftheassay,samplesspikedwithvariousconcentrationsof
ratTNF-aweredilutedwithCalibratorDiluentRD5-17andthenassayed.Resultsfrom
typicalsampledilutionsareshown.
*Samplesweredilutedpriortoassay,asdirectedintheSamplePreparation
section.
SENSITIVITY
Theminimumdetectabledose(MDDofratTNF-aistypicallylessthan5pg/mL.
TheMDDwasdeterminedbyaddingtwostandarddeviationstothemeanoptical
densityvalueof20zerostandardreplicatesandcalculatingthecorresponding
concentration.
CALIBRATION
ThisimmunoassayiscalibratedagainstahighlypurifiedE.coli-expressed
recombinantratTNF-aproducedatR&DSystems.TherecombinantN-methionylform
ofratTNF-acontains157aminoacidresiduesandhasapredictedmolecularmassof17
kDa.
Basedontotalaminoacidanalysis,theabsorbanceofa1mg/mLsolutionoftheE.
coli-expressedrecombinantratTNF-aat280nmwasdeterminedtobe1.33A.U.
SAMPLEVALUES
Serum/Plasma-Fortyindividualratserumsamplesandthirteenindividualrat
plasmasampleswereevaluatedfordetectablelevelsofratTNF-ainthisassay.All
samplesmeasuredles
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