上海交大附中2022届高三摸底考试无答案

上海交通大学附属中学2022-2022学年度第一学期高三英语摸底试卷（满分150分，150分钟完成，答案一律写在答题纸上）第I卷（共105分）I.ListeningComprehension：(30%)PartAShortConversations(10)Directions：Inthispartyouwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1. A.$9 B.$4.50 C.$5 D.$22. A.Heavyjacketsarenowonsale. B.Sheiswaitingforwintertoarrive.C.It’shardtogetaheavyjacket. D.Sheneedsawarmjacket.3. A.Studentandteacher B.CustomerandsalesassistantC.Patientanddoctor D.Wifeandhusband4. A.Becauseshorthairisfashionable B.Becauseshorthairlooksnice.C.Becauseshedidn’thaveanairconditioner. D.Becauseshorthairiscomfortable.5. A.Tothepostoffice B.Tothedepartmentstore.C.Tothecinema D.Tothehospital.6. A.Marywon’tcome B.Marywillbelate.C.Marydoesn’twanttocome D.Marywillcomeat7:00.7. A.Togotoamovie B.Totakea14-daytrip.C.Todosomevoluntarywork. D.Topayashortvisittotheirneighbors.8. A.Aninventedstory B.AnimaginarysituationC.Arealexperience D.Aterribledream.9. A.Hewillcontinuehisworkonvacation. B.Paperspiledwhilehewasonvacation.C.Hehastoomuchworktodo. D.Hehasmadehisvacationplans.10. A.Everyoneatehisfish. B.Itwasenoughforhimself.C.Nooneatehisfish. D.Itwasalmostenoughforallofus.PartBPassages(12)Directions：InpartB，youwillheartwoshortpassages，andyouwillbeaskedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice，butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion，readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhavehead.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11. A.PopularsportacrossSanFrancisco. B.AninternationalMarathonraceheldinSydney. C.AnannuallongdistancerunningraceinSydney. D.Aprofessionalworldheel-and-toewalkingrace.12. A.Inspring B.Insummer C.Inautumn D.Inwinter13. A.Mostlyagedanddisabledpeople. B.Localcitizensandforeignvisitors. C.Bothprofessionalathletesandordinarycitizens. D.Allkindsofpeople,includingtheoldandthedisabled.Questions14through16arebasedonthefallowingpassage.14. A.Itssmallrooms. B.Itsunusuallocation. C.Itscomfortablechairs. D.Thenumberofitsreaders.15. A.Therearefewemployees. B.Itisbecomingtoocold. C.Itisover-crowded. D.Itlacksmoneytocoveritsexpenses.16. A.Everyday B.FromMondaytoSaturday. C.FromMondaytoFriday. D.OnSaturdaysandSundays.PartCLongerConversations(8分)Directions：InPartC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblankswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.JOBINTERVIEWName:SmithYearsofgraduation:Major:Timetostartanewjob:NextCompletetheForm.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.Blanks21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.WheredidSusanandBilljustgetbackfromtheirtrip?To21._________________WhatwastheweatherlikealongthecoastofMexicoCity?22.____________andwarm.WhatdidSusanadvisethemtodo?To23.________________Howmuchwilltheypayforthecheapestroomiftwoofthemgothere?24.____________________Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.II.GrammarandVocabulary:(25%)SectionADirections:BeneatheachofthefollowingsentencestherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheoneanswerthatbestcompletesthesentence.25.SinceitisexpectedthatFedwillcutinterestrateagain,thereisnodoubt___thecompanywillmakethedecisiononraisingthepriceofcrudeoil.A.why B.that C.whether D.when26.ItwasbelievedbytheancientEgyptiansthatintellectwastothemind___sightwastothebody.A.what B.so C.that 27.___Isympathizewiththosewhohavegonebankrupt,Ican’treallydoverymuchtohelpthemoutofthedifficulties,especiallywhentheU.S.economyhasmovedintoarecession.A.AslongasB.As C.While D.Even28.TheprogressofthepatientwhohadbeenseriouslyinjuredintheWengchuanearthquakewasveryencouragingashecould___getoutofbedwithouthelp.A.nearlyB.hardly C.merely D.barely29.ItwassaidthatBillClintonwas___totellthetruththathehadhadan"inappropriaterelationship"withMonicaLewinskyeventohisclosestfriend.A.toomuchofacoward B.toomuchthecowardC.acowardenough D.enoughofacoward30.Consideringthatshedidherwork___hermanagerhadinstructed,itwasimpropertocriticizeher.A.as B.until C.when D.though31.___ofthetwins,whowerefamousfortheirsci-fifilmMatrix,wasarrestedbyNYPDonpatrolatmidnight,becauseIsawbothatapartylastnight.A.NoneB.Both C.Neither D.All32.Forsometimenow,worldleaders___outthenecessityforagreementonclimatechange,theworldeconomyandAfricandevelopment.A.hadbeenpointingB.havebeenpointingC.werepointingD.pointed33.Haveyoueverbeeninasituation___youknowtheotherpersonisrightyetyoucannotagreewithhim?A.bywhich B.that C.inwhere D.where34.We’vejustinstalledtwoair-conditionersmadeinShanghaiinourapartment,___shouldmakegreatdifferencesinourlifenextsummer.A.which B.what C.that D.they35.AIDSissaid___thenumber-onekillerofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatpoverty-strickenregionwherenomedicalservicesareavailable.A.being B.tobe C.tohavebeenD.havingbeen36.Thepoormotherlovedherbabysomuchthatshemanagedtosave___shecouldoutofherwagestotakecareofit.A.howlittlemoneyB.solittlemoney C.suchlittlemoneyD.whatlittlemoney37.Woman___HillaryClintonis,shewasboldenoughtoparticipateinthepresidentialcampaign,2022.A.who B.as C.that D.like38.Theexperimentonthemonkeytotestthenewdrug,whichhasalreadybeenadvertisedonTV,requiresmoremoneythan___.A.havebeenputinB.beingputin C.hasbeenputinD.tobeputin39.___forthefactthatshegothitbyacarandbrokeherlegonherwaytoschool,shemighthavepassedtheexam.A.HaditnotbeenB.Hadn’titbeen C.WasitnotD.Wereitnot40.“Whatcoursesareyougoingtotakenextsemesterifyouwanttoreceiveenoughcreditstogetyourdegree?”“Idon’tknow.Butit’sabouttime___onsomething.”A.I’ddecide B.Idecided C.IdecideD.I’mdecidingSectionBDirections:completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.A.should B.unnecessary C.if D.knowing E.useAE.ratherthan AD.acquaintance AC.switch AB.applies BC.howeverThetranslatormusthaveanexcellent,up-to-dateknowledgeofhissourcelanguages,fullfacilityinthehandlingofhistargetlanguage,whichwillbehismothertongueorlanguageofhabitual___41___andaknowledgeandunderstandingofthelatestsubject-matterinhisfieldofspecialization.Thisis,asitwere,hisprofessionalequipment.Inadditiontothis,itisdesirablethatheshouldhaveaninquiringmind,wideinterests,agoodmemoryandtheabilitytograspquicklythebasicprinciplesofnewdevelopments.Heshouldbewillingtoworkonhisown,oftenathighspeeds,butshouldbehumbleenoughtoconsultothers__42__hisownknowledgenotalwaysproveadequatetothetaskinhand.Heshouldbeabletotypefairlyquicklyandaccuratelyand,ifheisworkingmainlyforpublication,shouldhavemorethananodding__43___withprintingtechniquesandproof-reading.Ifheisworkingbasicallyasaninformationtranslator,letussay,foranindustrialfirm,heshouldhavetheflexibilityofmindtoenablehimto__44__rapidlyfromonesourcelanguagetoanother,aswellasfromonesubject-mattertoanother,sincethisabilityisfrequentlyrequiredofhiminsuchwork.Bearinginmindthenatureofthetranslator’swork,.theprocessingofthewrittenword,itis,strictlyspeaking,__45__thatheshouldbeabletospeakthelanguageheisdealingwith.Ifhedoesspeakthem,itisanadvantage__46__ahindrance（妨碍，阻碍）,butthisskillisinmanywaysaluxurythathecandoawaywith.Itis__47___,desirablethatheshouldhaveanapproximateideaaboutthepronunciationofhissourcelanguagesevenifthisisrestrictedto__48___howpropernamesandplacenamesarepronounced.Thesame__49__toanabilitytowritehissourcelanguages.Ifhecan,wellandgood;ifhecannot,itdoesnotmatter.Therearemanyotherskillsandqualitiesthataredesirableinatranslator.III.ReadingComprehension:(50%)SectionA:(15%)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.DaeJangGeum(《大长今》)isahotnewKoreanTVseries.Becauseofthisseries,mypersonalstatusandlivingstandardhavebeengreatlydegraded.Mygirlfriendusedtocookeveryevening.Well,nowshedoesnothingbut_50_infrontoftheTVwhenshe’snotatwork,andcommandsme,“You—gotomakesomeinstantnoodles.ComeandwatchtheplayandjustimagineweareenjoyingKorean_51_.”ShealsoswearstolearnallKoreandishesinDaeJangGeum.Sosheordersmeto_52_theTVandrecordanydetailsofJangGeum’scooking.ButwhenshepresentedherversionofKoreanfood,itislikethedog-meal.“Youcan_53_getthingsdoneifyoufindtherighttools”,mygirlfriendblamedherclumsy(笨拙的)kitchenperformanceson_54_.SoIdecidedto_55_heranewkitchenknife.Inastore,shebecameunusuallypatientwhenmakingherselection.Shefinallypickedonethatwas_56_JangGeum’s.Toprovethatherslowknifeskillwasduetotheblunt(钝的)knives,she_57_hercutting.Asaresult,shehurtherfingersthreetimes.Fortunatelytheknifeisnot_58_thesalesmanboasts.MygirlfriendisafanofJangGeum’sKorean_59_.Notonlydidshetalkaboutthedresseveryday,shealsothreatenedtochangemytieintoabutterflyknotliketheoneonJangGeum’sdress.Finally,Ilostmypatienceandtookhertoamaternityshop(孕妇专卖店)whereIrecommendonesuittoher,“DoyouthinkitlookslikeaKoreandress?”_60_,myfutureparents-in-lawjusthappenedtobeshoppingatthetime.Theywere_61_whentheysawwhatweweredoing.TheDaeJangGeumseries_62_realizingtheambitionoftheyouth.However,itfailstorealizemygirlfriend’s._63_beingengagedinherworkorstudy,shesimplysitsonthesofaeverynight,staringattheTV,abagofchipsinherhand.Thissituationhas_64_eventhoughtheseriesisnowover.50.A.stand B.lie C.seat D.sit51.A.fruit B.vegetables C.dishes D.cakes52.A.standfor B.goby C.passby D.standby53.A.easily B.hardly C.difficultly D.carefully54.A.herforks B.herspoons C.herknives D.herpans55.A.buy B.borrow C.lend D.fetch56.A.betterthan B.theclosestshapeof C.sharperthan D.takenfrom57.A.speededup B.sloweddown C.broughtdown D.improved58.A.asfastas B.asdullas C.asslowas D.assharpas59.A.dietstyle B.dishflavor C.dressingstyle D.cookingstyle60.A.Coincidently B.Disappointedly C.Fortunately D.Excitedly61.A.verypuzzled B.prettysatisfied C.verypleased D.prettyshocked62.A.shootsat B.aimsat C.directsat D.worksat63.A.Inspiteof B.Becauseof C.Insteadof D.Incaseof64.A.changedlittle B.turnedalot C.developedalittleD.improvedalotSectionB(35%)Directions:Readthefollowingfourpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Tight-lippedeldersusedtosay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”Psychologyteachesthatyoudogetwhatyouwantifyouknowwhatyouwantandwanttherightthings.Youcanmakeamentalblueprintofadesireasyouwouldmakeablueprintofahouse,andeachofusiscontinuallymakingtheseblueprintsinthegeneralroutineofeverydayliving.Ifweintendtohavefriendstodinner,weplanthemenu,makeashoppinglist,decidewhichfoodtocookfirst,andsuchplanningisanessentialforanytypeofmealtobeserved.Likewise,ifyouwanttofindajob,takeasheetofpaper,andwriteabriefaccountofyourself.Inmakingablueprintforajob,beginwithyourself,forwhenyouknowexactlywhatyouhavetooffer,youcanintelligentlyplanwheretosellyourservices.Thisaccountofyourselfisactuallyasketchofyourworkinglifeandshouldincludeeducation,experienceandreferences.Suchanaccountisvaluable.Itcanbereferredtoinfillingoutstandardapplicationblanksandisextremelyhelpfulinpersonalinterviews.Whiletalkingtoyou,youcould-beemployerisdecidingwhetheryoureducation,yourexperience,andotherqualifications,willpayhimtoemployyouandyour“wares”andabilitiesmustbedisplayedinanorderlyandreasonablyconnectedmanner.Whenyouhavecarefullypreparedablueprintofyourabilitiesanddesires,youhavesomethingtangibletosell.Thenyouarereadytohuntforajob.Getallthepossibleinformationaboutyourcould-bejob.Makeinquiriesastothedetailsregardingthejobandthefirm.Keepyoureyesandearsopen,anduseyourownjudgment.Spendacertainamountoftimeeachdayseekingtheemploymentyouwishfor,andkeepinmind:Securingajobisyourjobnow.65. Whatdotheeldersmeanwhentheysay,“It’snotwhatyouwantinthisworld,butwhatyouget.”?A.You’llcertainlygetwhatyouwant. B.It’snousedreaming.C.Youshouldbedissatisfiedwithwhatyouhave. D.It’sessentialtosetagoalforyourself.66. Ablueprintmadebeforeinvitingafriendtodinnerisusedinthispassageas________.A.anillustrationofhowtowriteanapplicationforajob B.anindicationofhowtosecureagoodjobC.aguidelineforjobdescription D.aprincipleforjobevaluation67. Accordingtothepassage,onemustwriteanaccountofhimselfbeforestartingtofindajobbecause________.A.thatisthefirststeptopleasetheemployer B.thatistherequirementoftheemployerC.itenableshimtoknowwhentosellhisservices D.itforceshimtobecomeclearlyawareofhimself(B)Birdsthatareliterallyhalfasleep--withonebrainhemispherealertandtheothersleeping--controlwhichsideofthebrainremainsawake,accordingtoanewstudyofsleepingducks.Earlierstudieshavedocumentedhalfbrainsleepinawiderangeofbirds.Thebrainhemispherestaketurnssinkingintothesleepstagecharacterizedbyslowbrainwaves.Theeyecontrolledbythesleepinghemispherekeepsshut,whilethewakefulhemisphere'seyestaysopenandalert.Birdsalsocansleepwithbothhemispheresrestingatonce.Decadesofstudiesofbirdflocksledresearcherstopredictextraalertnessinthemorevulnerable,endoftherowsleepers.Sureenough,intheendbirdstendedtowatchcarefullyonthesideawayfromtheircompanions.Ducksintheinnerspotsshowednopreferenceforgazedirection.Also,birdsdozing(打盹)attheendofthelineresortedtosinglehemispheresleep,ratherthantotalrelaxation,moreoftenthaninnerducksdid.Rotating16birdsthroughthepositionsinafourduckrow,theresearchersfoundouterbirdshalfasleepduringsome32percentofdozingtimeversusabout12percentforbirdsininternalspots."Webelievethisisthefirstevidenceforananimalbehaviorallycontrollingsleepandwakefulnesssimultaneouslyindifferentregionsofthebrain，"theresearcherssay.Theresultsprovidethebestevidenceforalongstandingsuppositionthatsinglehemispheresleepevolvedascreaturesscannedforenemies.Thepreferenceforopeninganeyeonthelookoutsidecouldbewidespread,hepredicts.He'sseenitinapairofbirdsdozingsidebysideinthezooandinasinglepetbirdsleepingbyamirror.Themirrorsideeyeclosedasifthereflectionwerecompanionandtheothereyestayedopen.Usefulashalfsleepingmightbe,it'sonlybeenfoundinbirdsandsuchwatermammals(哺乳动物)asdolphins,whales,andseals.Perhapskeepingonesideofthebrainawakeallowsasleepinganimaltosurfaceoccasionallytoavoiddrowning.Studiesofbirdsmayofferuniqueinsightsintosleep.JeromeM.SiegeloftheUCLAsayshewondersifbirds'halfbrainsleep"isjustthetipoftheiceberg(冰山)"Hespeculatesthatmoreexamplesmayturnupwhenwetakeacloserlookatotherspecies.68.Anewstudyonbirds'sleephasrevealedthat________.A.halfbrainsleepisfoundinawidevarietyofbirdsB.halfbrainsleepischaracterizedbyslowbrainwavesC.birdscancontroltheirhalfbrainsleepconsciouslyD.birdsseldomsleepwiththewholeoftheirbrainatrest69.Accordingtothepassage,birdsoftenhalfsleepbecause________.A.theyhavetowatchoutforpossibleattacksB.theirbrainhemispherestaketurnstorestC.thetwohalvesoftheirbrainaredifferentlystructuredD.theyhavetoconstantlykeepaneyeontheircompanions70.Theexampleofabirdsleepinginfrontofamirrorindicatesthat________.A.thephenomenonofbirdsdozinginpairsiswidespreadB.birdsprefertosleepinpairsforthesakeofsecurityC.evenanimaginedcompaniongivesthebirdasenseofsecurityD.asinglepetbirdenjoysseeingitsownreflectioninthemirror71.Whilesleeping,somewatermammalstendtokeephalfawakeinorderto________.A.alertthemselvestotheapproachingenemyB.emergefromwaternowandthentobreatheC.besensitivetotheever-changingenvironmentD.avoidbeingsweptawaybyrapidcurrents(C)Anineyearoldschoolgirlsinglehandedlycooksupasciencefairexperimentthatendsupdebunking(揭穿……的真相)awidelypracticedmedicaltreatment.EmilyRosa'stargetwasapracticeknownastherapeutic(治疗的)touch(TTforshort),whoseadvocatesmanipulatepatients'"energyfield”tomakethemfeelbetterandeven,saysome,tocurethemofvariousills.YetEmily'stestshowsthattheseenergyfieldscan'tbedetected,evenbytrainedTTpractitioners(行医者).Obviouslymindfulofthepublicityvalueofthesituation,JournaleditorGeorgeLundbergappearedonTVtodeclare,"Agedoesn'tmatter.It'sgoodsciencethatmatters,andthisisgoodscience."Emily'smotherLindaRosa,aregisterednurse,hasbeencampaigningagainstTTfornearlyadecade.LindafirstthoughtaboutTTinthelate'80s,whenshelearneditwasontheapprovedlistforcontinuingnursingeducationinColorado.Its100,000trainedpractitioners(48,000intheU.S.)don'teventouchtheirpatients.Instead,theywavedtheirhandsafewinchesfromthepatient'sbody,pushingenergyfieldsarounduntilthey’rein"balance."TTadvocatessaythesemanipulationscanhelphealwounds,relievePainandreducefever.TheclaimsaretakenseriouslyenoughthatTTtherapistsarefrequentlyhiredbyleadinghospitals,atupto$70anhour,tosmoothpatients'energy,sometimesduringsurgery.YetRosacouldnotfindanyevidencethatitworks.Toprovidesuchproof,TTtherapistswouldhavetositdownforindependenttesting--somethingtheyhaven'tbeeneagertodo,eventhoughJamesRandihasofferedmorethan$1milliontoanyonewhocandemonstratetheexistenceofahumanenergyfield.(He'shadonetakersofar.Shefailed.)AskepticmightconcludethatTTpractitionersareafraidtolaytheirbeliefsontheline.Butwhocouldturndownaninnocentfourthgrader?SaysEmily:“Ithinktheydidn'ttakemeveryseriouslybecauseI'makid."Theexperimentwasstraightforward:21TTtherapistsstucktheirhands,palmsup,throughascreen.Emilyheldherownhandoveroneoftheirsleftorrightandthepractitionershadtosaywhichhanditwas.Whentheresultswererecorded,they'ddonenobetterthantheywouldhavebysimplyguessing.Iftherewasanenergyfield,theycouldn'tfeelit.72.WhichofthefollowingisevidencethatTTiswidelypracticed?A.TThasbeeninexistencefordecades.B.Manypatientswerecuredbytherapeutictouch.C.TTtherapistsareoftenemployedbyleadinghospitals.D.Morethan100,000peopleareundergoingTTtreatment.73.VeryfewTTpractitionersrespondedtothe$1millionofferbecause________.A.theydidn'ttaketheofferseriouslyB.theydidn'twanttorisktheircareerC.theywereunwillingtorevealtheirsecretD.theythoughtitwasnotinlinewiththeirpractice74.ThepurposeofEmilyRosa'sexperimentwas________.A.toseewhyTTcouldworkthewayitdidB.tofindouthowTTcuredpatients'illnessesC.totestwhethershecouldsensethehumanenergyfieldD.totestwhetherahumanenergyfieldreallyexisted75.WhydidsomeTTpractitionersagreetobethesubjectsofEmil'sexperiment?A.Itinvolvednothingmorethanmereguessing.B.Theythoughtitwasgoingtobealotoffun.C.Itwasmorestraightforwardthanotherexperiments.D.Theysensednoharminalittlegirl'sexperiment.(D)WhataccountsforthegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmerica--breakthroughssuchasthetelegraph,thesteamboatandtheweavingmachine?Amongthemanyshapingfactors,Iwouldsingleoutthecountry’sexcellentelementaryschools:alaborforcethatwelcomedthenewtechnology;thepracticeofgivingpremiumstoinventors;andabovealltheAmericangeniusfornonverbal,“spatial”thinkingaboutthingstechnological.Whymentiontheelementaryschools?Becausethankstotheseschoolsourearlymechanics,especiallyintheNewEnglandandMiddleAtlanticstates,weregenerallyliterateandathomeinarithmeticandinsomeaspectsofgeometryandtrigonometry.AcuteforeignobserversrelatedAmericanadaptivenessandinventivenesstothiseducational-advantage.AsamemberofaBritishcommissionvisitingherein1853reported,“Withamindpreparedbythoroughschooldiscipline,theAmericanboydevelopsrapidlyintotheskilledworkman.”Afurtherstimulustoinventioncamefromthe“premium”system,whichprecededourpatentsystemandforyearsranparallelwithit.Thisapproach,originatedabroad,offeredinventorsmedals,cashprizesandotherincentives.IntheUnitedStates,multitudesofpremiumsfornewdeviceswereawardedatcountryfairsandattheindustrialfairsinmajorcities.Americansflockedtothesefairstoadmirethenewmachinesandthustorenewtheirfaithinthebeneficenceoftechnologicaladvance.Giventhisoptimisticapproachtotechnologicalinnovation,theAmericanworkertookreadilytothatspecialkindofnonverbalthinkingrequiredinmechanicaltechnology.AsEugeneFergusonhaspointedout,“Atechnologistthinksaboutobjectsthatcannotbereducedtounambiguousverbaldescriptions:theyaredealtwithinhismindbyavisual,nonverbalprocess...Thedesignerandtheinventor...areabletoassembleandmanipulateintheirmindsdevicesthatasyetdonotexist.”Thisnonverbal“spatial”thinkingcanbejustascreativeaspaintingandwriting.RobertFultononcewrote,“Themechanicshouldsitdownamonglevers,screws,wedges,wheels,etc.,likeapoetamongthelettersofthealphabet,consideringthemasanexhibitionofhisthoughts,inwhichanewarrangementtransmitsanewidea.”Whenalltheseshapingforces--schools,openattitudes,thepremiumsystem,ageniusforspatialthinking--interactedwithoneanotherontherichU.S.mainland,theyproducedthatAmericancharacteristic,emulation.Todaythatwordimpliesmereimitation.Butinearliertimesitmeantafriendlybutcompetitivestrivingforfameandexcellence.76. Accordingtotheauthor,thegreatoutburstofmajorinventionsinearlyAmericawasinalargepartdueto________.A.elementaryschools B.enthusiasticworkers C.theattractivepremiumsystem D.aspecialwayofthinking77. ItisimpliedthatadaptivenessandinventivenessoftheearlyAmericanmechanics________.A.benefitedalotfromtheirmathematicalknowledge B.shedlightondisciplinedschoolmanagementC.wasbroughtaboutbyprivilegedhometraining D.owedalottothetechnologicaldevelopment78. Atechnologistcanbecomparedtoanartistbecause________.A.theyarebothwinnersofawards B.theyarebothexpertsinspatialthinkingC.theybothabandonverbaldescription D.theybothusevariousinstruments79. Thebesttitleforthispassagemightbe________.A.InventiveMind B.EffectiveSchooling C.WaysofThinking (E)Directions:ReadthefollowingtextandchoosethemostsuitableheadingfromA-Fforeachparagraph.Thereisoneextraheadingwhichyoudonot=A+EA.HowscreenreadersdealwithmultimediawebpagesB.ThebenefitscreenreadersbringtoblindpeopleC.WhatisnecessaryforblindpeoplesurfingonlineD.Solutiontothecaseofweakeye-sightedpeopleE.TheworkingprincipleofscreenreadersF.Theshortcomingsofbrowsingthenetwithascreenreader80._________Turningoffthemonitorandremovingthemousesoonmakesawebdeveloperawareoftheproblemsthatarisewhenbrowsingwebpageswithoutvision.Speechoutputisessential(and/orBraille)inorderforthosewhocannotseethetextandpicturestobeabletoaccessthecontent.81.__________Screenreadersusesynthesized（合成的）speechandBrailleisprovidedthroughaseriesofpinsthatmoveupanddown(refreshable)aspartofaBrailledevicewhichsitalongsideakeyboard.Screenreaderstelltheus