高中英语中译英练习(五种基本句型)附

根本句型汉译英练习主谓宾构造〔一〕说明：此构造是由主语+谓语+宾语够成。此中的谓语动词须是及物的动词或及物的动词词组。宾语须是名词或相当于名词的成分。翻译练习：昨晚我写了一封信。今日下午我想同你说说。这本书他读过屡次了。他们成功地完成了方案。你们一定在两周内看完这些书。那位先生能流利地说三种语言。我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。Jim还不会自己穿衣服。我们大家都相信Jack是一个老实男孩。他不知道说什麽好。他每天清晨洗冷水澡。我开窗户你在乎吗？参照答案：1.Iwrotealetterlastnight.2.Iwanttotalkwithyouthisafternoon.3.Hehasreadthisbookmanytimes.4.Theyhavecarriedouttheplansuccessfully.5.Youmustfinishreadingthesebooksintwoweeks.6.Thatgentlemencanspeakthreelanguagesfluently.7.IreceivedaletterfrommypenfriendinAustralia.8.Jimcannotdresshimself.9.AllofusbelievethatJackisanhonestboy.10.Hedidnotknowwhattosay.11.Hetakesacoldbatheverymorning.12.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow?主谓宾构造〔二〕说明：此构造中的谓语动词常常是动词词组,分两种状况:1.及物动词+副词，2.不及物动词+介词。1.含有away,out,forward,up等副词的动词词组是可拆分的。如，Theycarriedouttheplansuccessfully.我们还可以说，Theycarriedtheplanoutsuccessfully.但我们只好说Astheplanwaspractical,theycarrieditoutsuccessfully.动副词组都可以这样用，如，pointout〔指出〕,carryout〔执行〕,putforward〔提出〕,workout〔做出，算出〕,findout〔找出〕,giveup〔放弃〕,giveaway〔赠予，发散〕,pickup〔拣起〕,putup〔挂上〕,等。2.而含有介词at,for,from,into,of,with,to等的动介词组是不行拆分的。如，lookafter〔照顾〕,lookat〔瞧〕,lookfor〔找寻〕,belongto〔属于〕,referto〔参照，说起〕,thinkof〔考虑，议论〕,sendfor〔派人去请〕,carefor〔喜爱〕,sufferfrom〔受之苦〕,dealwith(对付，对付),objectto〔反对〕,payfor〔付的钱〕,等。即我们只好说thinkofit,不可以说thinkitof.in在动词词组顶用作副词，表示“在里面〞，“往里进〞，“在家〞等意思。如，getin(收割),handin〔提交，交进〕。用作介词，表示“在地点〞，“在范围〞，“在方面〞。如，persistin(坚持)，succeedin(在成功)。Off在动词词组顶用作副词，表示“关闭〞，“隔断，分开〞，“去掉〞，等意思。如，turnoff〔关掉〕off〔踢脱〕

,switchoff〔关掉〕,ringoff〔挂断〕,keepoff〔远离〕,takeoff(脱掉〕,carryoff〔运走〕,putoff〔推迟〕,payoff〔付清〕,giveoff〔放出).

,kick用作介词，表示“从下来〞。如，

getoff〔下车〕

,falloff

〔从掉下来〕

.On在动词词组顶用作副词，表示“开〞，“走开〞，“传达〞，“穿着〞。如，turnon(开),moveon〔走开〕,passon〔传达〕,puton〔穿上〕,haveon〔穿着〕.用作介词，表示“在上〞，“在方面〞。如，workon〔从事于〕,operateon〔在上着手术〕,agreeon〔赞同〕。表示“上车，上船，上〞,如,geton〔上车，上船〕,rideon〔骑上〕。表示“依靠〞，“认为基础〞，“依据〞，如，dependon〔依靠〕,baseon〔认为基础〕feedon〔认为食〕,liveon〔认为生计〕.

,Over在动词词组顶用作副词，表示“翻转〞，“翻倒〞，如，turnover〔打翻，翻倒〕,pushover〔推倒〕.表示“过一遍〞，“仔细〞，“普及〞，如，thinkover〔仔细考虑〕,lookover〔仔细查察，研究〕.用作介词，表示“从上超出〞，如，flyover〔从上飞过〕,jumpover〔从上跳过〕.goover(超出，横过)。表示“为了〞，“因为〞，如，quarrelover〔为争执〕,cryover〔因哭泣〕.表示“查察〞，“复习〞，“检查〞，如，goover〔检查，复习〕.附：好多由及物动词+名词+介词构成的三词动词词组也要跟宾语，如：payattentionto〔注意〕,catchholdof〔抓住，握住〕,catchsightof〔看见，发现〕,doharmto〔对有害〕,getridof〔消除，除去〕,makefunof〔讥笑，讽刺〕,put(one’s)heartinto〔专心于〕,sayhelloto〔打招呼〕,singpraisefor〔赞誉，夸奖〕,takecareof〔照料〕,takepartin〔参加〕,takepridein〔以骄傲，骄傲〕。翻译练习：我不相信那个人。他指出了我的作文中的错误。圣诞节我们将去探望外籍老师。你们一定在课后把练习本交上来。五分钟内我们是不行能解出这道题来的。他们高度赞誉了英豪的业迹。这位护士会好好照料你父亲的。你在工作中可依靠他。沸腾的水发散水蒸汽。写完作文后，我们一定把它从头到尾看一遍。脱掉你的外衣，走前再穿。人们会把她找出来的。我们一定派人去请医生参照答案：Idon’tbelievein(介)thatman.Hepointedout〔副〕themistakesinmycomposition.OnChristmasDay,wewillcallon〔介〕ourforeignteachers.Youmusthandin〔副〕yourexercise-booksafterclass.Wecannotworkout〔副〕theprobleminfiveminutes.Theysanghighpraiseforthedeedsofthehero.Thenursewilltakegoodcareofyourfather.Youcandependon〔介〕himinyourwork.Boilingwatergivesoff〔副〕steam.Afterwritingacomposition,wemustgoover〔介〕it.Takeoffyourcoatandputiton〔副〕beforeyouleave.Peoplewillfindherout〔副〕.Wemustsendfor〔介〕adoctor.根本句型汉译英练习双宾语构造说明：此构造由主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语〔人〕+直接宾语〔事物〕构成。如，Hebringsmecookieseveryday.Shemademeabeautifuldress.但假设要先说出直接宾语〔事物〕，后说间接宾语〔人〕，那么要借助于介词to或for,如，Hebringscookiestomeeveryday.Shemadeabeautifuldressforme.用to重视指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for重视指动作的得益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：〔需借助to的〕bring,give,lend,hand,offer,pass,pay,promise,return,send,show,teach,tell,write,ask,等。〔需借助for的〕buy,call,cook,choose,draw,find,get,make,order,sing,save,spare,等。翻译练习：Johnson先生昨年教我们德语。奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个风趣的故事。Mary把钱包交给校长了。请把那本字典递给我好吗？他把车票给列车员看。这个学期我已经给父亲母亲写过三封信了。我父亲已经给我买了一辆新自行车。RobinsonCrusoe给自己做了一只小船。请你给我弄一本新的，好吗？我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？新式机器将会为你节约好多劳动。参照答案：MrJohnsontaughtusGermanlastyear.Grandmatoldmeaninterestingstorylastnight.Maryhandedthewallettotheschoolmaster.Wouldyoupleasepassmethedictionary?Heshowedthetickettotheconductor.ThistermIhavewrittenthreeletterstomyparents.Myfatherhasboughtmeanewbike.RobinsonCrusoemadehimselfaboat.Willyoupleasegetmeanewcopy?ShallIcallyouataxi?Thenewmachinewillsaveyoualotoflabour.根本句型汉译英练习复合宾语构造说明:此构造由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语构成。宾语与宾语补足语有逻辑的主谓关系，假设无宾语补足语，那么句意不完满。可以用做宾补的有，名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词。如，Thesunkeepsuswarm.Iheardhimsinging.Youmustgetyourhaircut.用it做形式宾语，而将真切的宾语放到宾语补足语的后边，是英语常用句型。即主语+谓语+it+宾补+真切宾语。如，Ifounditverypleasanttobewithyourfamily.翻译练习我们叫她Alice.他的父亲母亲给他取名为John.我们大家都认为他是老实的。他们把门推开了。他们把小偷开释了。我们要使学校变得更漂亮。他请我们参加做游戏。我要你把实情告诉我。卫兵命令我们马上分开。明日我要找人来维修机器。每天清晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。悲伤使得他叫唤起来。我们不会让她在夜晚出门的。他每个月理一次发。我要请人把我的录音机维修一下。那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了她正在听人家讲故事。男孩子们都在看士兵们操练。我向来没看见这个字这样用过。他感觉很难跟你发言。我想坐船去那处更酣畅些。我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。学校定了一条规那么，开场上课时学生要起立。我认为与那个人发言是无益的。参照答案WecallherAlice.HisparentsnamedhimJohn.Allofusconsideredhimhonest.Theypushedthedooropen.Theyhavesetthethieffree.Wewillmakeourschoolmorebeautiful.Heaskedustojoininthegame.Iwantyoutotellmethetruth.Theguardsorderedustoleaveatonce.TomorrowI’llhavesomeonerepairthemachine.EverymorningwehearhimreadEnglishaloud.Thepainmadehimcryout.Wewon’tlethergooutatnight.Hehashishaircutonceamonth.I’llgetmyrecordermended.Theterriblesoundmadethechildrenfrightened.Sheislisteningtosomeonetellingstories.Theboyswerewatchingthesoldiersdrilling.Ihaveneverseenthewordusedthatwaybefore.Hefeltitverydifficulttotalkwithyou.Ithinkitmorecomfortabletogotherebyship.Iconsideritpossibletoworkouttheprobleminanotherway.Theschoolmadeitarulethatthestudentsshouldstandupwhenclassbegins.Ithoughtitnousetalkingwiththatman.根本句型汉译英练习Therebe句型说明：此句型是由there+be+主语+状语构成，用以表达存在有，一种无主语的有。它其实是倒装的一种状况，主语位于谓语动词be以后，there仅为指引词，并没有实质语。Be与以后的主语在人称和数目上一致，有时态和神态变化。如，现在有thereis/are过去有therewas/were未来有therewillbe/thereis/aregoingtobe...现在已经有therehas/havebeen可能有theremightbe...一定有theremustbe/theremusthavebeen...过去向来有thereusedtobe仿佛有thereseems/seem/seemedtobe碰巧有therehappen/happens/happenedtobe此句型有时不用be动词，而用live,stand,come,go,lie,remain,exist,arrive,等。翻译练习：今夜没有会。这个乡村过去只有一口井。这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。客人中间有两名美国人和两名法国人。天气预告说下午有狂风。灯亮着，办公室里一定有人。战前这儿向来有家电影院的。恰好那时房里没人。从前，在海边的一个乡村里住着一位老渔夫。公共汽车来了。就只剩下二十八美元了。在这个山洞前面长着一棵高大的松树。铃响了。二月份有二十八天。参照答案：Thereisn’tgoingtobeameetingtonight.Therewasonlyawellinthevillage.Thereis(are)ateacherofmusicandateacherofartintheschool.AmongthegueststhereweretwoAmericansandtwoFrenchmen.Theweathermansaysthere’llbeastrongwindintheafternoon.Thelightison.Theremustbesomeoneiontheoffice.Thereusedtobeacinemaherebeforethewar.Therehappenedtobenobodyintheroom.Once,therelivedanoldfishermaninavillagebythesea.Therecomesthebus.Thereremainedjusttwenty-eightdollars.Infrontofthecave,therestands(grows)atallpinetree.Theregoesthebell.Therearetwenty-eightdaysinFebruary.Oh...Look,Itoldyouhewashere.Lookathim!Quiet.Lookathim.Goodmorning,sleepyhead.Goodmorning!Weloveyourkitty!Oh...Myhead...Here,Ifetchedapailofwater.Thanks.Uhh!Aahh!Oh...Acutebuttonnose?Thick,wavylocks?Taut,roundbuttocks?I'm...I'm...Gorgeous!I'llsay.I'mJill.What'syourname?Um...Shrek.Shrek?Wow.AreyoufromEurope?You'retense.Iwanttorubhisshoulders.Igotitcovered.Idon'thaveanythingtorub.Getinline.Getinline.Haveyouseenmydonkey?Whoareyoucallingdonkey?Donkey?You'rea...Astallion,baby!Icanwhinny.Icancount.Lookatme,Shrek!I'mtrotting!That'ssomequalitypotion.What'sinthatstuff?"Oh,don'ttakethepotion,Mr.Boss,it'sverybad."Pah!"Warning:Sideeffectsmayincludeburning,itching,oozing,weeping."Notintendedforheartpatientsorthosewith...nervousdisorders."I'mtrotting,I'mtrottinginplace!Yeah!What?Senor?"Tomaketheeffectsofthispotionpermanent,thedrinkermustobtainhistruelove'skissbymidnight."Midnight?Whyisitalwaysmidnight?Pickme!I'llbeyourtruelove!I'llbeyourtruelove.I'llbetrue...enough.Look,ladies,Ialreadyhaveatruelove.Oh...Andtakeitfromme,Boss.YouaregoingtohaveonesatisfiedPrincess.Andlet'sfaceit.Youarealoteasierontheeyes.Insideyou'rethesameoldmean,salty...Easy....cantankerous,foul,angryogreyoualwaysbeen.Andyou'restillthesameannoyingdonkey.Yeah.Well...Lookout,Princess.Herecomesthenewme.Firstthingsfirst.Weneedtogetyououtofthoseclothes.Ready?Ready!Driver,stop!Oh,God!Helpme,please!Myracingdaysareover!I'mblind!Tellthetruth.WillIeverplaytheviolinagain?Youpoorcreature!IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?Well,Iguessthereisonething.Takeoffthepowderedwigandstepawayfromyourdrawers.Notbad.Notbadatall.Father?Iseverythingallright,Father?Thankyou,gentlemen!Someday,Iwillrepayyou.Unless,ofcourse,Ican'tfindyouorifIforget.IIfsomeoneasksyouhowyoucanmakeyoualways1.________happy,youwillperhapsfindratherdifficulttogivehim2.________aproperanswer.Didyouremembertheoldsaying“No3.________humanbeingcanreallyhappywhoisnotgivingortrying4.________togivehappinesstoothers〞?Ifyouwillalwaysthinkof5.________takingmorefromothersandgivethemless,youwon’tbe6.________abletohavehappinessinyourlifeevenyouareveryrich.7.________Here’sanarticleforyou.Ifeachofyoufollowit,there8.________willbeanendtomanyunhappydaysofyours.Soyoushould9.________learntogiveupyourowninterestswhennecessarilytodoso.10.________IIWhenmyfatherboughtmeacomputerasabirthdaygiftfor1.________meinlastyear,Ifeltveryexited.Asweallknow,computers2.________aregettingmoreandmoreusefullynow.Muchinformationcan3.________bestoredinthem.Wecanalsolearnthathaslatelyhappened4.________