高考总复习-语法知识点汇总(含高中所有语法及历年高考真题分类汇总)

超级资源（10套）高考总复习语法知识点汇总专题一构词法[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)However，becareful(care)nottogotoextremes.2．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Steamengineswereusedtopullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairly(fair)unpleasantforthepassengers，withallthesmokeandnoise.语法填空中主要考查：1．给出形容词提示词，填写副词或名词；2．给出动词，填写名词或形容词；3．给出名词，填写形容词。短文改错1.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)ItwasareliefandIcametoasuddenly→suddenstopjustinthemiddleoftheroad.2．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Intheirsparetime，theyareinteresting→interestedinplantingvegetablesintheirgarden，whichisontherooftopoftheirhouse.1.形容词和副词的错用；2．形容词和名词的错用；3．­ed与­ing形容词的错用。(对应学生用书第194页)形容词变副词的后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年江西红色七校一联)Hesatdownandstartedgently(gentle)talkingtothedog.2．Similarly(similar)，whenRonWebsterborrowedabookfromthelibraryoftheUniversityofLiverpool，heforgottoreturnit，too.3．Butsuchasmallthingcouldn'tpossibly(possible)destroyavillage.Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2017年严州中学一模)Parentsandteachersalwaysthinkstudentsshouldspendmoretimeontheirstudies，butstudentsthemselvesthinkdifferent.different→differently2．(2017年宿迁三校质检)Shetoreuptheletterangryandthrewitintothedustbin.angry→angrily【导学号：31670153】[再解读要点]变化形式例词一般情况下直接加“­ly”quick→quickly；fluent→fluently；stupid→stupidly少数以e结尾的形容词，要去掉e再加­ly；绝大多数辅音字母加e结尾的形容词直接加­lytrue→truly；polite→politely；wide→widely；wise→wisely；nice→nicely以“y”结尾的，且读音为/I/,先将“y”改成“i”，再加“ly”；但是如果读音为/aI/,直接加lyhappy→happily；heavy→heavily；angry→angrily；busy→busily；dry→dryly；shy→shyly以ic结尾的词，加allyeconomic→economically；basic→basically(例外：public→publicly)以辅音字母加le结尾时，去e加y；元音字母加le时，直接加lysimple→simply；terrible→terriblygentle→gently；possible→possibly；probable→probably；sole→solely(例外：whole→wholly)形容词变名词的后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．MyEnglishimprovedalot；moreimportantly，Igainedmuchconfidence(confident)．2．Thatlittleactofkindness(kind)madeeveryonewhosawitfeelgood－butitmademefeelthebestofall!Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年山东师大附中月考)Wefearthatwedonothavethestrongandcouragetofacethetruthofoursituation.strong→strength[再解读要点]后缀例词­ageshort→shortage不足；短缺­cyefficient→efficiency效率；功效fluent→fluency流利；流畅accurate→accuracy准确性private→privacy隐私；私密­domfree→freedom自由；自主wise→wisdom明智；智慧­nessweak→weakness虚弱；弱点kind→kindness仁慈；好意careless→carelessness粗心大意dark→darkness黑暗­thstrong→strength力气；强项warm→warmth温暖；热情true→truth真相；真理wide→width宽度­y­ty­itydifficult→difficulty困难cruel→cruelty残酷；残暴safe→safety安全disable→disability无能；残疾responsible→responsibility责任动词、名词变形容词的后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Thehigh­speedtrainthatconnectsthetwocitiesisbothfastandcomfortable(comfort)．2．Notonlytheteachersbutalsothestudentsfindthewebsitebeneficial(benefit)．3．(2017年安徽江南十校联考)HewasmorethanjustanEnglishteacher，becausehealsotaughtmeuseful(use)lessonsinlife.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Mostpeoplenowadaysaresobusywiththeirlivesthattheydonothavetimetoenjoyahealthyandbalancediet.balance→balanced2．(2017年黑龙江大庆调研)Idon'tthinkitareasonpracticeforthemtobehavethatwayinoursociety.reason→reasonable【导学号：31670154】[再解读要点]后缀例词­ableaccept→acceptable可接受的comfort→comfortable舒适的fashion→fashionable时髦的suit→suitable合适的reason→reasonable有道理的­albenefit→beneficial有益的music→musical音乐的origin→original最初的person→personal个人的；私人的center→central中央的；中心的nature→natural自然的；天生的form→formal正式的nation→national全国的­fuldoubt→doubtful怀疑的forget→forgetful健忘的harm→harmful有害的hope→hopeful有希望的peace→peaceful和平的care→careful细心的use→useful有用的success→successful成功的help→helpful有帮助的­(e)dscare→scared感到恐惧的confuse→confused感到困惑的puzzle→puzzled迷惑的worry→worried担心的beard→bearded有胡须的talent→talented有才能的underline→underlined加下划线的balance→balanced均衡的­ingsurprise→surprising令人惊讶的convince→convincing令人信服的satisfy→satisfying令人满意的worry→worrying令人担心的bore→boring令人厌烦的­ibleaccess→accessible容易达到的；容易取得的horror→horrible可怕的；恐怖的terror→terrible可怕的­iveact→active积极的；活跃的effect→effective有效的；生效的attract→attractive有吸引力的impress→impressive给人深刻印象的instruct→instructive有教育意义的expense→expensive昂贵的­ouscontinue→continuous不断的；持续的anxiety→anxious忧虑的caution→cautious十分小心的；谨慎的curiosity→curious好奇的humor→humorous幽默的­sometire→tiresome令人厌倦的trouble→troublesome麻烦的­ytaste→tasty美味的；可口的health→healthy健康的wealth→wealthy富裕的；丰富的dirt→dirty有灰尘的；脏的rain→rainy有雨的sun→sunny阳光明媚的cloud→cloudy阴天的­erneast→eastern东方的；向东的west→western西方的；向西的­ishchild→childish孩子气的fool→foolish愚蠢的；可笑的self→selfish自私的­icscience→scientific科学的economy→economic经济的history→historic历史上著名的动词变名词的后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年山东泰安一模)Itisnecessarytohaveaphysicalexamination(examine)everyyear.2．Annanwillberememberedforhisabilityandhiswarmth(warm).【导学号：31670155】3．Withouthesitation(hesitate)，Idecidedtofollowthemandwedidhavelotsoffunthatday.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年湖北八校联考)Itisaveryeffectivewaytolearnthelanguageandimproveyournounce→pronunciation【导学号：31670156】[再解读考点]后缀例词­ion/­sion/­ationcorrect→correction改正attract→attraction吸引conclude→conclusion结论；结束decide→decision决定admit→admission接纳；准许入学invite→invitation邀请explain→explanation解释expect→expectation期望­er/­orteach→teacher老师announce→announcer播音员conduct→conductor指挥；售票员­mentpunish→punishment惩罚achieve→achievement功绩；成就argue→argument辩论；论据equip→equipment装备；设备­ance/­enceappear→appearance出现；外貌perform→performance表演；节目exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏爱­inghear→hearing听力；听觉begin→beginning开始­ure/­turefail→failure失败press→pressure压力mix→mixture混合；混合物depart→departure离开；出发­yrecover→recovery恢复；痊愈discover→discovery发现其他choose→choice选择vary→variety多样化；种类tend→tendency趋向；趋势变动词的前缀与后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Youshouldloosen(loose)upyourmusclesbeforeplayinganysport.2．Mymotherencouraged(courage)meandinsistedthatIcontinuemyeducation.3．Ourgovernmentattachesmuchimportancetoeducationnow，whichenables(able)somanypeopletobewelleducated.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Ifyouwanttoliveasimplelife，youneedtosimpleyourmind.simple→simplify2．Ifyoudeepyourknowledgeorunderstandingofasubject，youwilllearnmoreaboutitandbecomemoreinterestedinit.deep→deepen[再解读考点]前/后缀例词前缀en­able→enable使能够large→enlarge扩大rich→enrich使充实；使丰富danger→endanger危及courage→encourage鼓励后缀­enbroad→broaden使变宽ripe→ripen使成熟sharp→sharpen使尖锐wide→widen加宽short→shorten变短deep→deepen加深dark→darken使变暗hard→harden使变硬­ifyclass→classify把……分类just→justify证明……正确simple→simplify简化beauty→beautify美化­izeapology→apologize道歉emphasis→emphasize强调memory→memorize记住real→realize认识到；实现表示否定意义或相反意义的前缀和后缀[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年山东青岛一模)Astheycouldn'tplayoutdoors，theywereunhappy(happy)，andsomeevengotintofightsfromtimetotime.2．Peopleonwelfarearewronglyseenaslazyordishonest(honest)．3．Informal(formal)clothesaresuitableforwearingathomeorinordinarysituations.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年甘肃张掖中学月考)IknowasanexcellentguideIshouldmakeyourjourneyinterestingandmeaningless.meaningless→meaningful[再解读要点]前/后缀例词dis­agree→disagree不同意advantage→disadvantage缺点appear→disappear消失comfort→discomfort不舒适的honest→dishonest不诚实的il­legal→illegal不合法的logical→illogical不合逻辑的im­polite→impolite无礼的patient→impatient不耐烦的moral→immoral不道德的in­formal→informal非正式的convenient→inconvenient不方便的direct→indirect不直接的前缀ir­regular→irregular不规则的responsible→irresponsible不负责任的mis­lead→mislead误导understand→misunderstand误解un­usual→unusual不寻常的willing→unwilling不愿意的happy→unhappy不高兴的known→unknown不出名的后缀­lesshope→hopeless绝望的end→endless没完没了的care→careless粗心的help→helpless无助的use→useless无用的(对应学生用书第198页)[核心考点针对练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Iusuallymemorize(memory)twentynewwordsadayandputthemtousewheneverpossible.2．Theyaretryingtowiden(wide)thediscussiontoincludeenvironmentalissues.3．Therearesomanydifferentlabelsonfoodnowadays.Theyarenotonlyconfusing(confuse)butalsomisleading.4．Ifwecarryourburdenallthetime，soonerorlater，astheburdenbecomesincreasingly(increase)heavy，wewon'tbeabletocarryon.5．Itsnowedheavily(heavy)lastnightandnowthestreetsarecoveredwithsnow.6．Hesankintodepression(depress)whenbothhisparentslefthimandwenttothesouthinsearchofabetter­paidjob.7．Itisillegal(legal)todriveafterdrinkingalcoholinourcountrynow.8．(2017年河南中原名校期中联考)Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowisnoknowledgeisuseless(use)．9．(2017年广东省揭阳市二模)Mikewasdyingtoapplyforanewjob，buthewasunconfidentofhimself，forhethoughtofhimselfasafailure(fail)andunworthyofsuccess.10．Thereportcanbeconveniently(convenient)dividedintothreemainsections.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Everyoneofusisworkinghardlyintheclassroom，preparingforthecomingexam.hardly→hard2．(2017年东北师大附中月考)Beforewaitingforabouthalfanhour，Iwasbeginningtogetimpatiently.impatiently→impatient3．Althoughparentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheiryoungchildren，theydon'tnecessarydoanythingforthem.necessary→necessarily4．Itisagoodwayforustomemorizenewwordsbyseeingthemrepeated.repeated→repeatedly5．Herdisappointinglookshowedthatshefailedtheexamagain.disappointing→disappointed[高考题型综合练]Ⅰ.语法填空(2017年湖南六校联盟联考)Haveyouevernoticedthatyoufeelhappierandmorerelaxedafteryoueatbread，pastaorfruit？Doyoufindthatyouaremoreenergeticandawakeaftereatingyogurtorbeans？Thesethingsarenotaccidents.Foodaffects1wefeelmorethanwethink.Scientistsresearching2(it)effectonourmoodsarebeginningtounderstandthatwecaninfluenceourfeelingswithwhatweeat.Althoughourmoodsrelate3havingvariousfood，itisnotquiteassimpleaschoosingthefoodfortherightoccasions.Ifthat4(be)thecase，athleteswouldnoteatalotofcarbohydratesbeforearace.Anotherchemical5(connect)withourmoodsiscaffeine，which6(find)incoffee，chocolateandmanytypesoftea，anditisperhaps7worstthingyoucanhavewhenyouarefeelingstressed.Ofcourse，enjoyinganicemealwithfriends，whateverweeat，canalsoimpactourspirits.Beingwithfriendsandfamilyplaysabigpartinexperiencing8(happy)．Most9(important)，though，rememberthefollowingoldrule:trytoeatdifferentfood，10nottoomuch.【语篇解读】我们所吃的食物会对我们的情绪有影响。因此，我们要尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。1．how[考查宾语从句。分析该句结构可知，空处引导宾语从句，由“wefeelmorethanwethink”可知，从句不缺成分；结合语境可以判断，应用疑问副词how引导该从句。]2．its[考查代词。由名词effect可知，应用形容词性物主代词its。]3．to[考查动词短语。relateto为固定搭配，意为“和……有关系”。]4．were[考查虚拟语气。根据该句中的“athleteswouldnoteatalotofcarbohydratesbeforearace”可知，该句为虚拟语气，表示对目前情况的虚拟，故从句谓语动词用过去式were。]5．connected[考查过去分词。chemical和connect为动宾关系，故用过去分词短语作后置定语。]6．isfound[考查动词的时态和语态。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为caffeine，和find之间是动宾关系，故用被动语态；此处是对客观情况的描述，应用一般现在时。]7．the[考查定冠词。根据空后的形容词最高级worst可知，空处应用the。]8．happiness[考查词性转换之形容词变为名词。分析该句结构可知，此处为名词在句中作experiencing的宾语。]9．importantly[考查副词。空处修饰全句，故用副词形式。]10．but/yet[考查连词。根据语境可知，尝试吃不同的食物，但是不要吃太多。根据句意可知，空处应用转折连词。]【导学号：31670157】Ⅱ.短文改错(2017年辽宁沈阳市第一次质检)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。DearJacob，Howareyoudoing？I'mwritingtoinviteyoutoclimbMountQianshan.Youhadalreadybeenhereforamonth.Sowethinkit'sthegoodopportunityforusgetfamiliarwitheachother.MountQianshanhasagoodreputationfortheirbrilliantsceneryindifferentseason.Myfriendsandfamilyisplanningtomakeitat8o'clockinthisSaturdaymorningattheschoolgate.Wearewonderingthatitisconvenientforyou.Whenarrivedthere，we'llclimbmountainsandadmirethebeautifulsceneryinwinter.Thatwillcertainleaveadeepimpressiononyousinceeverythingiscoveredbysnow.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.LiHua【答案】DearJacob，Howareyoudoing？I'mwritingtoinviteyoutoclimbMountQianshan.Youeq\f(had,have)alreadybeenhereforamonth.Sowethinkit'seq\f(the,a)goodopportunityforuseq\o(\s\up12(∧),to)getfamiliarwitheachother.MountQianshanhasagoodreputationforeq\f(their,its)brilliantsceneryindifferenteq\f(season,seasons).Myfriendsandfamilyeq\f(is,are)planningtomakeitat8o'clockeq\a\vs4\al(in)thisSaturdaymorningattheschoolgate.Wearewonderingeq\f(that,whether/if)itisconvenientforyou.Wheneq\f(arrived,arriving)there，we'llclimbmountainsandadmirethebeautifulsceneryinwinter.Thatwilleq\f(certain,certainly)leaveadeepimpressiononyousinceeverythingiscoveredbysnow.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.LiHua专题二名词和冠词一、名词[全国卷考情分析]题型典题试做命题解读语法填空1．(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Thistrend，...，hashadsomeunintendedsideeffects(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease－theverythingthemedicalcommunitywastryingtofight.2．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Thisdevelopmentwasonlypossiblewiththeintroduction(introduce)ofelectric­poweredenginesandlifts.1．给出名词提示词，考查名词的数；2．给其他词性形式(通常为动词、形容词)提示词，填写名词；3．名词的固定搭配。短文改错1．(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Theinstructorkeptrepeatingtheword→words，“Speedup！”“Slowdown！”2．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Besides，theyoftengetsomeusefulinformations→informationfromtheInternet.1．可数名词单复数的错用；2．混淆名词的可数与不可数。(对应学生用书第200页)名词的数[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2016年四川高考)Anysmellmightattractnaturalenemies(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.2．(2017年淄博二模)Helostallhiskeys(key)tothedoors，sohehadtogetthemopenedbyforce.Ⅱ.单句改错Thoughwearenowoutofdanger，thebrokenbridgeisstillgreatdangertocardrivers.great前加a【导学号：31670158】[再解读要点]名词按其词汇意义可分为专有名词和普通名词。普通名词包括可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单数和复数之分，不可数名词没有单复数之分。1．可数名词复数的变化规则(1)名词复数的规则变化①一般情况下在词尾直接加­s。如：books，horses，beds，pages②以­s，­x，­sh，­ch结尾的名词，在词尾加­es，如：glasses，boxes，brushes，watches(例外：stomach→stomachs)③以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，把y变为i再加­es；以元音字母＋y结尾的名词，直接加­s，如：cities，countries，factories，boys，toys，holidays④以o结尾的名词，常在词尾加­s，如：radios，photos，pianos，zoos(例外：heroes，tomatoes，potatoes)⑤以­f或­fe结尾的名词，常把f或fe变成v，再加­es，如：half→halves，knife→knives，leaf→leaves；少数词尾加­s，如：roofs，chiefs，gulfs，beliefs，proofs(2)名词复数的不规则变化①单复数同形：deer，sheep，Chinese，means(方式，方法)，series，species②词形变化：man→men，woman→women，child→children，tooth→teeth，foot→feet，mouse→mice，ox→oxen③合成名词的复数：passer­by→passers­by，looker­on→lookers­on，grown­up→grown­ups，stand­by→stand­bys④名词前有man或woman修饰，变复数时，作定语的man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如：womandoctor→womendoctors，manwaiter→menwaiters(3)常以复数形式出现的名词：thanks，congratulations，trousers，works(著作；工厂)，manners(礼貌)，spirits(情绪)，instructions(操作说明)，directions(用法说明)，papers(试卷，文件)，times(时代)等。2．抽象名词具体化experience[U]经验→anexperience[C]一次经历surprise[U]惊奇→asurprise[C]一个/次令人吃惊的人或事pleasure[U]愉快→apleasure[C]一件乐事success[U]成功→asuccess[C]一个(件)成功的人或事comfort[U]安慰→acomfort[C]一个(件)令人安慰的人或事名词的固定搭配[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Ihavenohesitation(hesitate)inrecommendingherforthejob.2．(江西高考)WheneverImademistakes(mistake)，theteacherpointedthemoutwithpatience.Ⅱ.单句改错ManyparentsinChinaalwaysattachtoomuchimportanttowords，orderingtheirchildrentodothisorthat.important→importance[再解读要点]名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”。常考的高频短语：(1)beyondrecognition无法辨认ingreatdemand需求量很大withpatience耐心地bychance/accident偶然ataloss不知所措inadvance提前infavorof支持，赞成onpurpose故意地(2)have/gainaccessto可以获得takeadvantageof利用，趁……之机makeuseof利用findfaultwith挑……的错keeppacewith与……同步putanendto结束……takenoticeof注意到oaccount/consideration考虑……catchsightof看见makeadifference有影响；有关系dodamageto损害……keep/bearinmind记住attachimportanceto重视……taketheplaceof取代，代替takepridein以……自豪takepossessionof占有(3)makepreparationsfor为……做准备takepainstodo尽力，刻苦make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵taketurnstodo轮流做beinhighspirits兴致勃勃burstintotears放声大哭inalldirections向四面八方makecontributionsto对……做出贡献[技法点拨]名词与语法填空名词与短文改错1．词性转换题：“句子成分”是关键(1)如果要填的词在句中作主语、宾语或表语要考虑名词形式；(2)如果要填的词被形容词、定冠词或形容词性物主代词所修饰，要考虑名词形式；1．遇到名词，首先想到是可数名词还是不可数名词；2．看到several，afew，many，oneof，three，anumberof等要想到名词应用复数形式；3．看到information，advice，progress，knowledge等，要想到它们是不可数名词，没有复数形式；2．名词复数题：“牢记规则”辨是非(1)如果空格处被these，several，many和数词等修饰时，要考虑名词的复数形式；(2)如果一般现在时的谓语动词是动词原形或are，要考虑用名词的复数形式。4．看到冠词等修饰词，要想到应用名词形式；5．形容词和名词都可作表语，但形容词作表语说明主语的特点(how)，名词作表语则说明主语的身份、职业等(what)。二、冠词[全国卷考情分析]题型分类典题试做命题解读语法填空1.(2017年全国卷Ⅰ)Asaresult，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.2．(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Thisincludeddigginguptheroad，layingthetrackandthenbuildingastrongroofoverthetop.近五年高考对冠词的考查主要集中在冠词表泛指、特指的基本用法以及常见的固定搭配中的冠词上。短文改错1.(2017年全国卷Ⅱ)Theylivefarfromtheschool，andittakesthemabouta→an/onehourandahalftogotoworkeveryday.2．(2017年全国卷Ⅲ)Aroundmeineq\o(\s\up12(∧,this/the))picturearethethingsthatwereveryimportantinmylifeatthattime：carmagazinesandmusicalinstruments.1.不定冠词a和an的错用；2．不定冠词a(n)和定冠词the的错用；3．单数可数名词前冠词的缺失；4．冠词的多余；5．常见固定搭配中冠词的缺失与多余。(对应学生用书第202页)不定冠词[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年重庆一中月考)“Thematchbetweenthesetwoteamsisgreat，”saidJim，andIhopetoseeasecond.2．(2015年四川高考)Brianisgiftedinwritingmusic；heisverylikelytobeaBeethoven.Ⅱ.单句改错(2017年山东临沭一中月考)InthecarparkthereGinanearlygotknockedoverascardroveoutfartooquicklyfrombehindalorry.在第二个car前加a[再解读要点]不定冠词用于表示泛指，一般修饰单数可数名词，有a和an两种形式。当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是辅音音素(不是辅音字母)时，用不定冠词a；当紧跟冠词的名词的第一个音素是元音音素(不是元音字母)时，用不定冠词an。1．不定冠词的基本用法(1)用作可数名词单数前，泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。Itisgenerallyacceptedthataboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeaman.人们普遍认为男孩子必须学会像男人那样站起来战斗。(2)用在专有名词前表示“某一个”，相当于acertain。—Excuseme，wouldyoupleasegivetheiPadtoJohn?——打扰一下，请你把这个iPad给约翰好吗？—Sorry，butIdon'tthinkthere'saJohninourclass.——对不起，但是我认为在我们班里没有叫约翰的。(3)用在“be＋of＋a/an＋名词”结构中，表示“同一，相同”时，相当于ofthesame＋名词。Thetwoplantslookdifferent，buttheyareofakind(＝ofthesamekind)．这两种植物看上去不同，但属于同一类。2．不定冠词的活用(1)用于序数词前，表示“又一，再一”。(北京高考)Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall，younevergetasecondchancetomakeafirstimpression.最初的印象最持久。毕竟，你不可能有机会给别人再留下一个第一印象。(2)不定冠词可以用于某些具体化的抽象名词前，常考的具体化的抽象名词：success，failure，surprise，pleasure，beauty，pity，danger，comfort，honour等。(山东高考)Beingabletoaffordadrinkwouldbeacomfortinthosetoughtimes.在艰苦的时期，能够买得起一杯饮料是一件令人感到欣慰的事。(3)有些不可数名词如knowledge，collection，understanding等后面加of...时，前面需用不定冠词a/an。havea(good)knowledgeof...“精通……”；havea(clear/good)understandingof...“了解……”。(2017年烟台模拟)Ifyoudon'thaveagoodknowledgeofEnglish，it'soutofthequestionforyoutouseitflexiblyandfluently.如果你不精通英语，那么何谈灵活而流利地运用它呢！3．用于固定搭配中allofasudden突然地 asamatteroffact事实上ataloss不知所措；困惑 payavisitto参观；拜访be/goonadiet节食 givesb.alift让某人搭便车makeafoolof愚弄 inahurry匆忙地makealiving谋生 awasteof...浪费onceinawhile偶尔 keepaneyeon留意；留神haveagiftfor在……方面有天赋haveawordwith与……谈话inaway从某种意义上说asaresult/consequence因此定冠词[先试做题组]单句语法填空1．(2017年江西南昌联考)Theyonlyeatwhattheylikeandnevertouchfoodtheydon'tlikeeveniftheyreallyneeditfortheirhealth.food前加the2．(2017年山东寿光现代中学月考)Theunsuccessfulperson，ontheotherhand，workslittleandjustwaitstoseethempassby.3．①XiamenisthemostbeautifulcoastalcityIhaveeverseensothatIwillcomeagain.比较应用②QingdaoisamostbeautifulcoastalcityandIbelieveIwillcomeforasecondtime.[再解读要点]1．定冠词的基本用法(1)指双方都知道的人或物，或特指的人或物的名词前。(2015年重庆高考)IjustheardthebankwhereDoraworkswasrobbedbyagunmanwearingamask.我刚刚听说多拉工作的那家银行被一名持枪蒙面人抢劫了。(2)用于某些形容词或分词前，表示一类人。(2016年四川高考)We'renotsayingthateveryoneneedstocontributetheirlivestothepoor.我们并不是说每个人都需要为穷人贡献自己的一切。(3)用于序数词、形容词、副词的最高级以及形容词only，very，same前，以及对两个人或物进行比较时起特定作用的比较级前。(陕西高考)Asisknowntoall，thePeople'sRepublicofChinaisthebiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。Thisbookisthebetteroneofthetwo.这本书是这两者中较好的那一本。易错警示a与most连用，位于形容词前时，most是表示程度的副词，意为“非常”；the与most连用，位于形容词或副词前时，most是最高级的标志，意为“最……的”。(4)用于“by＋the＋表示计量单位的名词(day/hour/dozen等)”结构中，表示“按……计算”。但size，weight这类名词跟by连用时不加定冠词。Hewassurprisedtofindthatbooksaresoldbyweightinthisbookstore，thatis，bythekilogram.他惊奇地发现在这家书店书是按重量来卖，也就是说是按公斤来卖的。(5)用于“动词(hit，strike，pull，take等)＋sb.＋介词＋the＋表示身体部位的名词”结构中，其中的the不可用物主代词代替。hitsb.onthehead打某人的头pull/takesb.bythehand拉/抓住某人的手heface打某人的脸2．用于固定搭配中atthemoment此刻，目前 bytheway顺便说一下intheway阻碍；挡路 inthedistance在远处notintheleast一点也不 onthecontrary与此相反theotherday几天之前 ontheotherhand另一方面tothepoint中肯，切题 taketheplaceof代替gotothecinema/theater去看电影/戏剧inthehabitof有……的习惯makethemost/bestof充分利用totell(you)thetruth(跟你)说实话forthetimebeing暂时零冠词[先试做题组]单句改错1．(2017年四川成都外国语学校月考)ItoldhimIcouldnotgotothecollegebecauseIdidnotwanttostudyanymore.去掉the2．(2017年福建福州十三中期中)Howareyou？TodayI'vegotawonderfulnewstotellyou.去掉a3．SamhasbeenappointedthemanageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotaketheplaceofGeorge.去掉manager前的the[再解读要点]1．零冠词的基本用法(1)用于不含普通名词的纯专有名词或表示泛指的抽象名词、物质名词、不可数名词或复数名词前。(2015年福建高考)Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand，assuch，theonlywayforustosurviveistoliveinharmonywithnature.人类生活被认为是自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是要与自然和谐相处。(江西高考)TheSmithsdon'tusuallylikestayingathotels，butlastsummertheyspentafewdaysataverynicehotelbythesea.史密斯夫妇通常不喜欢住旅馆，但去年夏天他们在海边的一个很舒适的旅馆住了几天。(2)名词前已有this，that，my，your，some，each，no，any等指示代词、物主代词、不定代词作定语时不用冠词。Eachstudentmusthandinhisexercisebookbytheendofthisweek.每个学生必须在本周末交作业本。(3)表示头衔和职务的名词作表语、同位语或补语时，其前通常用零冠词。(四川高考)Dr.PeterSpence，headmasteroftheschool，toldus，“AfifthofpupilsheregoontostudyatOxfordandCambridge.”这所学校的校长彼得·斯彭斯博士告诉我们说，“这里五分之一的学生都会到牛津大学或者剑桥大学继续学习。”(4)用于表示无特指意义的季节、月份、日期、星期和三餐的名词，及球类、棋类和学科名词前。Ofallthesubjects，Ilikehistorybestbecauseitgivesusausefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.在所有科目中，我最喜欢历史，因为我们可以从中了解许多过去的有益的知识。2．用于固定搭配中on/catchfire着火 bymistake错误地bychance/accident碰巧 inhistory在历史上underrepair在维修中 handinhand手拉手doharmto对……有害 onpurpose故意地inplace在正确位置 indanger在危险中inreturn作为回报 atpresent目前aheadoftime提前 inadvance提前loseheart灰心 outofcontrol失控atdawn/dusk/night在黎明/黄昏/夜晚makeroomfor为……让出空间3．有无冠词意义不同的搭配eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(attable在吃饭,atthetable在桌子旁))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(atschool在上学,attheschool在学校))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(inhospital住院,inthehospital在医院里))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(inchargeof掌管,inthechargeof在……掌管之中))eq\b\lc\{(\a\vs4\al\co1(outofquestion毫无疑问,outofthequestion不可能))[技法点拨]冠词与语法填空冠词与短文改错1．观察空格后部分的中心词是否是名词或相当于名词的词或短语，因为冠词的作用通常就是用来修饰名词。1．做短文改错时首先要看名词是否可数。不可数名词前不加冠词，故不可数名词前的不定冠词为多余；而可数名词前若无冠词，则为冠词缺失，必须添加相应的冠词。如果名词表示特指，则应用定冠词the。2．准确理解语境，确定空格所填词表示泛指还是特指。3．理解空格所在句子的意义，分析所填词是否是冠词活用或固定用法。2．做题时要看可数名词或可数名词前修饰词的读音。元音音素前用an。辅音音素前用a。特别注意useful，hour，honest等的读音。3．牢记冠词的固定搭配，确定冠词的增与删。(对应学生用书第204页)[核心考点针对练]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．(2017年安徽六校联考)Asabusinessman，Mr.Greenisacompletefailure.Beinglazymaywellbeoneofthedisadvantages(disadvantage)tohisfailure.2．(2017年哈师大附中月考)AsfarasIamconcerned，mysuggestion(suggest)isthatweshouldalwayshaveanotebookandaChinese­Englishdictionarywithineasyreach.3．(2017年安徽宿州期末)LiHuahasagoodknowledgeofEnglishandthiswillbeanadvantageoverothersinfindingaproperjob.4．(2017年山东寿光现代中学月考)IconsideredmyselfveryluckybecauseIwastheonlyoneofmyfriendswhohadtheirdadsaround.5．(2017年河北邯郸模拟)Theexperimenttookusfivemonthsandturnedoutagreatdisappointment.6．(2017年宁波段考)Mygrandparentsliketoliveinthecountrysidewheretheycanenjoyaleisurelywalkonthecountryroadandfeelthewarmthofthesunontheirfaces.7．Whatifyourfirstchoiceiswrong？Ifso，justgiveyourselfasecondchance.8．Youareworkingtoohard.You'dbetterkeepabalancebetweenworkandrelaxation.9．Yesterdaythefiremen(fireman)examinedthegroundbutwerenotabletofindanycluestothecauseofthefire.10．Formanyyoungpeople，goingtouniversityisoneofthemostimportantstages(stage)oftheirlives.Ⅱ.单句改错1．(2016年天津高考)Thedictionaryisoutofthedate：manywordshavebeenaddedtothelanguagesinceitwaspublished.去掉date前的the2．(2017年江西省重点中学联考)Idon'tthinktheexperimentisafailure.Atleastwehavegainedanexperienceforfuturesuccess.去掉experience前的an3．(2017年合肥八中段考)Theairportbusleavesevery30minuteandwilltakeyourighttotheFriendshipHotel.minute→minutes4．—HowcanItakethemedicine，sir?—Justfollowthedirectiononthebottle.direction→directions5．Youshouldfollowthedoctor'sadvicesandgiveupsmoking.advices→advice[高考题型综合练]Ⅰ.语法填空(2017年河北省石家庄市质检二)FelicityMiller，a32­year­oldBritishwoman，1hasaChinesehusband，stillremembersthe2(excite)whenshefirstlearnedtousethe“redpacket”functiononWeChatin2015.ShesentandgrabbedsomeredpacketsinherChinesefamily'sgroup.Theruleinherfamilywasthatthepersonwhograbbedthe3(high)amountsentthenext.Attractedbytheuniquewayofcommunicating，manyforeigners4(join)insendingandgrabbingredpacketssofar.Usually，themoneyineachpacketisrandom.Thustheamountofmoneyonecangrab5(large)dependsonhisorherluck，from0.01yuantolessthan200yuan.Manyforeignersgetmorefamiliar6Chineseculturethrough“redpackets”．Twoyearsago，whenFelicityMillerwassent5.20or8.88yuanredpackets，shehadnoclueaboutthe7(hide)meanings.Now，shehasnotonlyknownaboutthem，butalsohassentafew.However，thepopularityofvirtualredpacketsdoesn'tstoppeoplesendingpaperredpackets8(contain)realcashduringtheSpringFestival.It9(call)luckymoney.InChinesetradition，peopletakegivingchildrenluckymoneyas10blessing.【语篇解读】许多外国人通过“微信红包”更加熟悉中国文化。但是真正的纸质红包并未被替代，在春节时人们给孩子压岁钱以表示对孩子的祝福。1．who[考查定语从句。分析本句结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，先行词为a32­year­oldBritishwoman，故用who引导该定语从句。]2．excitement[考查名词。根据空前的定冠词the可知，空处用名词形式。]3．highest[考查最高级。根据语境并结合常识可知，抢到红包金额最高的人要发下一个红包，故用最高级。]4．havejoined[考查动词的时态。根据该句中的“sofar”可知，到目前为止，已经有许多外国人被“微信红包”这一特殊的交流方式吸引，并参与了抢红包和发红包。据此可知，本句用现在完成时。]5．largely[考查副词。空处修饰动词短语“dependson”，故用副词形式。]6．with[考查固定搭配。许多外国人通过“微信红包”更加熟悉中国文化。getfamiliarwith为固定搭配，意为“熟悉……”。]7．hidden[考查形容词。FelicityMiller不知道这两个数字后的隐藏意义。根据空前的冠词the和空后的名词meanings可知，此处应用形容词作定语，故填hidden。]8．containing[考查现在分词。paperredpackets和动词contain之间是主谓关系且contain与句子谓语之间无连词，故用现在分词短语作名词paperredpackets的后置定语。]9．iscalled[考查动词的时态和语态。这种纸质的红包被称为“压岁钱”。根据句意可知，主语“It”和动词call之间为动宾关系，故用被动语态；本句陈述的是一般现象，故用一般现在时。]10．a[考查不定冠词。人们将给孩子压岁钱作为一种祝福。此处泛指“一种祝福”，故用不定冠词。]Ⅱ.短文改错(2017年湖北七市联考)假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。IhavemetmanyteacherssinceIbeginmyschooling.Ofallmyteachers，Mrs.Greenistheonewhoimpressesmemost.Thoughsheis50，shelooksveryyoungatherage.Comparingwithotherteachers，Mrs.Greenpaysmoreattentiontoherwayofteaching.Shetriesvariouswaystomakeherclasslivelyandinterestingly.Inheropinion，wewillnotonlyknow“what”butalsounderstand“why”．Soinsteadofgivingusanswerimmediately，sheencouragesustothinkcarefullyeverytimewhensheputsforwardquestions.Withherhelp，wehavelearnedhowtoanalyzeandsettledproblems.Whattheamazingworldof“why”sheleadsus!Sheissuch