20182019学年高中英语Module1BasketballPeriod3Grammar语法专题课构词法转换和派生外研版

课时阅读训练三Period3Grammar语法专题课构词法（变换和派生）Ⅰ.

阅读理解AteamofengineersatHarvardUniversityhasbeeninspiredbyNaturetocreatethefirstroboticfly.Themechanicalflyhasbecomeaplatformforaseriesofnewhigh-techsystems.Designedtodowhataflydoesnaturally,thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.Itsminiwingsallowittostayintheairandperformcontrolledflighttasks.“It’sextremelyimportantforustothinkaboutthisasawholesystemandnotjustthesumofabunchofindividualcomponents(元件),”saidRobertWood,theHarvardengineeringprofessorwhohasbeenworkingontheroboticflyprojectforoveradecade.Afewyearsago,histeamgotthego-aheadtostartpiecingtogetherthecomponents.“Theaddeddifficultywithaprojectlikethisisthatactuallynoneofthosecomponentsareofftheshelfandsowehavetodevelopthemallonourown,”hesaid.Theyengineeredaseriesofsystemstostartanddrivetheroboticfly.“Theseeminglysimplesystemwhichjustmovesthewingshasanumberofinterdependenciesontheindividualcomponents,eachofwhichindividuallyhastoperformwell,butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.Woodsaysthesuccessoftheprojectprovesthattheflyingrobotwiththesetinycomponentscanbebuiltandmanufactured.Whilethisfirstroboticflyerislinkedtoasmall,off-boardpowersource,thegoaliseventuallytoequipitwithabuilt-inpowersource,sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemto

answeropenscientific

questions,you

know,to

study

biology

inwaysthat

wouldbedifficultarealot

of

withanimals,technologies

butusingtheseandopeninteresting

robotsinstead,”hesaid.scientificquestionsthat

“Sotherearereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-

daybasis.

”【语篇概括】本文介绍了“RoboticFly

”,

它能像真的苍蝇同样自然飞翔

,

小小的翅膀能让它停在空中,表演各样飞翔任务。B.aslargeasafathouseflyC.smallerthanafathouseflyD.aslargeasabutterfly【分析】选B。细节理解题。依据第一段的thetinymachineisthesizeofafathousefly.可知B正确。2.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraphs3and4thattheroboticfly__________.A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystemB.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttimeC.cancollectinformationfrommanysourcesD.hasbeenputintowideapplication【分析】选B。推理判断题。题干要求从第三段和第四段推测,因此依据文章内容“butthenhastobematchedwelltoeverythingit’sconnectedto,”saidWood.Theflightdevicewasbuiltintoasetofpower,computation,sensingandcontrolsystems.应选项A.consistsofaflightdeviceandacontrolsystem是片面的,清除;依据第四段sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.可知选项C中的frommanysources应为frommanysites/places,故清除;选项D.hasbeenputintowideapplication的定位在第五段Yet,thepower,sensingandcomputationtechnologiesonboardcouldhavemuchbroaderapplications.可知已经大批应用是错误的,故清除。纵观三、四两段,特别是第四段尾句“Basicallyitshouldbeabletotakeoff,landandflyaround,”hesaid.可推测出只有B.canjustflyinlimitedareasatthepresenttime正确。3.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?A.Theroboticflyisdesignedtolearnaboutinsects.B.Animalsarenotallowedinbiologicalexperiments.C.Thereusedtobefewwaystostudyhowinsectsfly.D.Wood’sdesigncanreplaceanimalsinsomeexperiments.【分析】选D。推理判断题。文章末段的

to

study

biology

in

waysthat

wouldbedifficultwithanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead

告诉我们这些机器人能够代替动物

,

故D正确。考生需注意的是,说明文末段特别带有转折关系的词常常是题眼所在。依据第四段sothatitmightsomedayperformdata-gatheringworkatrescuesites,infarmers’fieldsoronthebattlefield.可知A错误,故清除。文章最后一段中指出“Youcanstartthinkingaboutusingthemtoansweropenscientificquestions,youknow,tostudybiologyinwaysthatwouldbedifficultwithanimals,butusingtheserobotsinstead,”hesaid.并无说:不同意拿动物进行生物实验,故清除B选项。依据文章最后一段Woodsaysthedesignoffersanewwaytostudyflightmechanicsandcontrolatinsect-scale.及“Sotherearealotoftechnologiesandopeninterestingscientificquestionsthatarereallywhatdrivesusonaday-to-daybasis.”可知此后会有更多的问题等候我们去探究,但其实不是说过去在研究昆虫飞翔方面经常方法很少,故清除C项。Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.FatherofRoboticFlyD.Harvard’sBreakthroughinInsectStudy【分析】选C。要旨粗心题。此题考察考生理解全文、提炼信息、归纳总结的能力。选择最佳标题,一般来说,考生只有通篇理解文章传达的信息,才可能归纳出文章的最正确标题。对比四个选项,A选项意为“机器人苍蝇之父”,文章的主题主要说明“机器人苍蝇”,故排除。B选项“来自工程学中的灵感”与文章的主题“机器人苍蝇”关系不大

,

故清除。

D选项“哈佛大学在昆虫研究领域的打破”

,

并无点明主题“机器人苍蝇”

,故清除。

C选项既交待了“

RoboticFly

”又讲了与真切生活中昆虫的关系

,

因此正确答案为

C。Ⅱ.

语法填空(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)Accordingtoareviewofevidenceinamedicaljournal,runnerslivethreeyears1.(long)thannon-runners.Youdon’thavetorunfastorforlong2.(see)thebenefit.Youmaydrink,smoke,beoverweightandstillreduceyourriskof3.(die)earlybyrunning.Whilerunningregularlycan’tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit4.(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglife5.walking,cyclingorswimming.Twooftheauthorsofthereviewalsomadeastudypublishedin20146.showedamerefiveto10minutesadayofrunningreducedtheriskofheartdiseaseandearlydeathsfromall7.(cause).Thebestexerciseisonethatyouenjoyandwilldo.Butotherwise...itprobablyrunning.Toavoidkneepain,youcanrunonsoftsurfaces,doexercisesto

’s8.

(strength)

yourlegmuscles(肌肉),avoidhills

andgetgoodrunningshoes.Runningischeap,easyanditpoor,youneedrunforonlyhalfthesoperhapsweshouldallgive10.

’salways9.(energy).timetogetthesamebenefitsatry.

Ifyouaretimeasothersports,【文章粗心】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步对身体健康的影响,以及应当注意的事项。【分析】longer。考察副词的比较级。依据空后的than和句意可知,此处应当使用比较级形式,故填longer。【分析】tosee。考察非谓语动词。此处意为:你不用跑很快或好久就能看到它的利处。应当使用不定式形式表示目的。3.【分析】dying。考察非谓语动词。此处作介词of的宾语,且后有副词early作状语,故填动词die的-ing形式dying。4.【分析】is。考察时态和主谓一致。依据全文可知,文章表达的是一般的客观陈说的事实,故使用一般此刻时。it指代上一句的runningregularly,是单数,故填is。5.【分析】than。考察连词。依据前面的moreeffective可知,此处表示“跑步在延伸生命方面比步行、骑车或游泳更有效”,故使用表示比较形式的连词than。6.【分析】that/which。考察定语从句。依据句子构造可知,此处是定语从句的关系代词,在定语从句中作主语,其先行词是study,故填that/which。7.【分析】causes。考察可数名词复数。此处的cause是名词,表示“原由”。依据其前的all可知,应当使用复数形式,故填causes。8.【分析】strengthen。考察非谓语动词。依据句子构造可知,此处应当使用不定式形式作目的状语,故填动词strengthen。9.【分析】energetic

。考察词性变换。依据句子构造可知

,

此处应当使用与其前的

cheap、easy

同样形式的形容词

energetic

作表语。10.【分析】

it/running

。考察代词或名词。依据句意可知

,

此处表示“我们都应当试着跑跑步”,

故填代词

it,

指代上文的running或许直接填

running

。阅读理解Basketballisonesport—perhapstheonlysport—whoseexactorigincansafelybetold.Duringthewinterof1891-1892,DrJamesNaismith,acollegeinstructorinSpringfield,Massachusetts,inventedthegameofbasketballinordertoprovideexerciseforthestudentsbetweentheclosingofthefootballseasonandtheopeningofthebaseballseason.Heattachedfruitbasketsoverheadonthewallsatoppositeendsofthegymnasium,and,usingasoccerball,organizednine-manteamstoplayhisnewgame.Inthisnewgamethepurposewastoshoottheballintoonebasketandtrytokeeptheoppositeteamfromshootingtheballintotheotherbasket.Althoughtherehavebeenmanychangesintherules(suchasthereductionofthenumberofplayersonateamfromninetofive),thegameisbasicallythesametoday.TheUnitedStatessoldierstookittothePhilippinesin1900andtoEuropeduringWorldWarⅠ,and,beingadoptedbyforeig