高三英语一轮复习一词多义汇总讲义

一词多义suspend【中英文释义】tostopsomethingfrombeingactive,eithertemporarilyorpermanently停止，暂停；Ifsomeoneissuspendedfromwork,school,etc.,theyaretemporarilynotallowedtowork,gotoschool,ortakepartinanactivitybecauseofhavingdonesomethingwrong.（因犯错而）暂令停职；暂令停学；暂令停止参加活动tohang悬挂；Ifsmallpiecesofsolidmaterialaresuspendedinagasoraliquid,theyhangorfloatinthegasorliquid.悬浮，漂浮【例句】①Theferryservicehasbeensuspendedforthedaybecauseofbadweather.因为天气恶劣，渡船已经停开了。②Shewassuspendedfromschoolforfighting.她因为打架而被勒令停学。③Itwasveryuncomfortablelyingonthehospitalbedwithmylegssuspendedintheair.我躺在医院的病床上，腿悬吊在半空，难受极了。④Acloudofsmokewassuspendedintheair.空中飘浮着一团烟雾。outlook【中英文释义】thelikelyfuturesituation前景；展望；aperson'swayofunderstandingandthinkingaboutsomething观点；看法；whatyoucanseefromaparticularplace景色，风光【例句】Theoutlookfortheeconomyisbleak.经济前景暗淡。Hehadapracticaloutlookonlife.他的人生观很实际。Fromthetopofthetower,theoutlookoverthecitywasbreathtaking.从塔顶俯视，这座城市的景色令人叹为观止。honour【中英文释义】n.aqualitythatcombinesrespect,beingproud,andhonesty名誉，荣誉areward,prize,ortitlethatpubliclyexpressesadmirationorrespect奖励；荣誉；荣誉头衔v.toshowgreatrespectforsomeoneorsomething,especiallyinpublic（尤指在公开场合）向…致敬Tohonourapromiseoragreementistodowhatyousaidyouwould.信守，执行，兑现（承诺或协议）togivesomeonepublicpraiseorareward公开表彰；公开奖励【例句】Wefoughtforthehonourofourcountry.我们为我们国家的荣誉而战。Hewashonouredforhisbravery.他因表现英勇而受到了表彰。Theydecidednottohonouranexistingorderforaircraft.他们决定不兑现已有的飞机订单。Hewashonouredwithaknighthood.他被封为爵士。【搭配用法】inhonourofsb/sth为了庆祝…；为表示对…的尊敬be/feelhonourboundtodosth觉得在道义上应该做dosbthehonourofdoingsth做…使（某人）感到特别荣幸；做…给（某人）带来荣誉withhonours以优等成绩毕业tender【中英文释义】adj.gentle,loving,orkind温柔的；温情的，关怀的(ofpartofthebody)painful,sore,oruncomfortablewhentouched（身体部位）疼痛的，一触即痛的(ofmeatorvegetables)easytocutorchew(=crushwiththeteeth)（肉或蔬菜）嫩的，软的young年幼的，未成熟的v.Ifyoutenderforajob,youmakeaformaloffertodoitforastatedprice.投标togiveoroffersomething提出，提供n.awrittenorformaloffertosupplygoodsordoajobforanagreedprice投标书awrittenoffertobuyorsellsharesinacompany（期货交易中的）交割意向通知书avehicleusedfortransportingwater,wood,orcoal,especiallyonethatispulledbehindarailwayengineorusedbythefireservice（尤指挂在火车头后的）煤水车【ENGINEERING】asmallboatthatisusedfortransportingpeopleorgoodsfromthelandtoalargerboatorfromthelargerboattotheland（用来在大船与陆地间运送人员或货物的）小船【SAILING】asmallpieceofchickenbreastmeat,usuallybreadedandfried,oracutofchickenfromthetenderloin（通常裹有面包屑的）鸡胸脯肉；鸡里脊肉chickentenders鸡胸脯肉【例句】Fivecompanieshavetenderedforthehospitalcontract.已有5家公司投标承建该医院。Thehealthministerhastenderedherresignation.卫生部长已提交辞呈。Thecouncilhasinvitedtendersforthebuildingcontract.市政会已经为建筑工程招标。Educationdepartmentsinalltheprisonsarebeingputouttotender.现在正在对所有监狱的教管部门进行招标。（putsthouttotender对…招标）malign【中英文释义】①adj.causingorintendingtocauseharmorevil恶意的；邪恶的；有害的=evil②v.tosayfalseandunpleasantthingsaboutsomeone,ortocriticizesomeoneunfairly诽谤，污蔑，中伤【例句】①Yourbehavioursexercisedamaligninfluenceonthechildren.你的行为对孩子们产生了不良的影响。②Shehasrecentlybeenmalignedinthegossipcolumnsofseveralnewspapers.她最近受到几家报纸漫谈专栏的污蔑。squat【中英文释义】v.&n.①topositionyourselfclosetothegroundbalancingonthefrontpartofyourfeetwithyourlegsbentunderyourbody蹲，蹲坐；asquattingposition蹲坐②toliveinanemptybuildingorareaoflandwithoutthepermissionoftheowner擅自占用（建筑物或土地）；theplacethatyouliveinwhenyouaresquatting擅自占用的地方，偷住的房子adj.shortandwide,usuallyinawaythatisnotattractive低矮的；矮墩墩的n.anything任何东西【例句】Shesquattedonthegroundandwarmedherhandsbythefire.她蹲在地上，伸出双手烤火。Theysquatted(in)anoldhouseinKing'sCrosswhentheirmoneyranout.他们钱花光后，就偷偷住进了国王十字车站的一处旧房子里。Hisopinionisn'tworthsquat.他的看法一文不值。Sheshouldn'ttalk-shedoesn'tknowsquataboutit.她不该说话——她什么都不懂。suspect【中英文释义】v.1）tothinkorbelievesomethingtobetrueorprobable怀疑，猜想2）tothinkthatsomeonehascommittedacrimeordonesomethingwrong怀疑。。。有罪，认为。。。有嫌疑adj.possiblyfalseordangerous不可靠的，可疑的，危险的n.apersonbelievedtohavecommittedacrimeordonesomethingwrong嫌疑犯，可疑分子theusualsuspects意料中会出现的人；经常做某事的人【例句】Wehadnoreasontosuspect(that)hemighttrytokillhimself.我们没有理由认为他会自杀。Thepolicesuspecthimofcarryingouttwobombattacks.警方怀疑他制造了两起爆炸案。Asuspectparcelwasfoundatthestation.在车站发现了一个可疑包裹。Policehaveissuedaphotographofthesuspect.警方已经发布了疑犯的照片。shed【中英文释义】n.asmallbuilding,usuallymadeofwood,usedforstoringthings（通常为木质、存放物品用的）棚子，小屋alarge,simplebuildingusedforaparticularpurpose简易大棚v.(oftenusedinnewspapers)togetridofsomethingyoudonotneedorwant（常为报刊用语）去除，摆脱=getridofsthtoloseacovering,suchasleaves,hair,orskin,becauseitfallsoffnaturally,ortodropsomethinginanaturalwayorbyaccident使脱落；蜕，脱castlightorproducesth(tear,blood,etc.）【例句】Psychotherapyhelpedhimtoshedsomeofhisinsecurity/inhibitions.心理疗法帮助他摆脱了一些不安全感／自我压制。I'mgoingonadiettoseeifIcanshedafewpounds.我要节食，看能不能瘦掉几磅。toshedexcessweight=loseweight减肥Thetreesshedtheirleavesinautumn.树木在秋天落叶。Sheshedafewtearsatherdaughter'swedding.她在女儿的婚礼上流下了泪。hail【中英文释义】n.small,hardballsoficethatfallfromtheskylikerain冰雹v.tocallsomeoneinordertoattracttheirattention招呼，呼喊【例句】Theprimeministerwasgreetedwithahailofinsultsasshearrivedattheuniversity.首相来到大学时遭到一阵辱骂。【搭配用法】ahailofsth一阵。。。ahailofbullets一阵弹雨bewithinhailingdistanceofsomewhere离。。。很近hailsb/sthassth赞扬。。。为，把。。。誉为hailfromsomewhere来自，出生于。。。secure【中英文释义】adj.positionedorfixedfirmlyandcorrectlyandthereforenotlikelytomove,fall,orbreak牢固的，牢靠的likelytocontinueandnotfailorbelost可靠的，稳固的(especiallyofobjects,situations,etc.)abletoavoidbeingharmedbyanyrisk,danger,orthreat（尤指物品、境况等）安全的notdoubtingorbeingworriedaboutyourselfandyourpersonalrelationships无忧无虑的，安心的v.togetsomething,sometimeswithdifficulty获得；设法得到tomakecertainsomethingisprotectedfromdangerorrisk使安全，保护tomakecertainthatmoneythathasbeenlentwillbepaidback,bygivingthepersonwholendsthemoneytherighttoownpropertybelongingtothepersonwhoborrowsit,ifthemoneyisnotpaidback抵押，为。。。担保tofastenoneobjectfirmlytoanother紧固，拴牢【例句】Thatladderdoesn'tlookverysecuretome.那梯子我看不太稳固。Herpromotionhasmadeherpositioninthecompanymoresecure.她的升职使她在公司的地位更加稳固。Carmanufacturersoughttoproducevehiclesthataremoresecureagainsttheft.汽车制造商应该生产出防盗性能更佳的汽车。Childrenneedtofeelsecureinordertodowellatschool.孩子们需要感到安心才能在学校中学习好。Hewasdisappointedbyhisfailuretosecurethetopjobwiththebank.他因没能得到银行的高层工作而失望。Herbankloanissecuredagainst/by/onherhouse.她的银行贷款是用房子抵押的。table【中英文释义】n.aflatsurface,ususllysupportedbyfourlegs,usedforputtingthingson桌子；餐桌anarrangementoffactsandnumbersinrowsorblocks,especiallyinprintedmaterial表，表格tableofcontents（书的）目录v.tosuggestsomethingfordiscussion把...提交讨论todelaydiscussionofasubject搁置，暂缓审议【例句】AnamendmenttotheproposalwastabledbyMrsJames.该项提案的修正案是詹姆斯夫人提交讨论的。（table，此处为动词）Thesuggestionwastabledfordiscussionatalaterdate.这一提议被留待日后讨论。（table，此处为动词）tap【中英文释义】V.①tohitsomethinggently,andoftenrepeatedly,especiallymakingshort,sharpnoises（常指连续）轻拍，轻叩②totouchthescreenofaphone,tabletcomputer,etc.inordertogiveaninstructionforsomethingtohappen轻触（手机或电脑平板等给予指令）③togetormakeuseofsomething开发；开辟；着手利用④touseasmalldeviceattachedtoaphoneinordertolistensecretlytowhatpeoplearesaying在（电话或电报线）上装窃听器；窃听N.①adevicethatcontrolstheflowofliquid,especiallywater,fromapipe（水）龙头，阀门②adevicethatcontrolstheflowofgasfromapipe（煤气）阀门③agentleknockortouch,orthenoisemadebyknockingsomethinggently轻叩，轻敲【phrases】ontap（啤酒）装在有旋塞的桶里的，散装的;随时可用的tapintosth使用...以获得好结果tapsbforsth从（某人）处获得（钱）【例句】Thatgirltappedherfingersonthedeskimpatiently.那个女孩不耐烦地用手指轻扣桌面。Formorethanacentury,Easterncitieshaveexpandedtheirwatersuppliesbytappingevermoreremotesources.一个多世纪以来，东部的城市通过开发更偏远地区的水源，扩大了水的供应。Hesuspectedthathisphonehadbeentapped.他怀疑自己的电话被人窃听了。critical[ˈkrɪtɪkl]①sayingthatsomeoneorsomethingisbadorwrong批评的；批判的；挑剔的【例句】Thereportishighlycriticalofsafetystandardsatthefactory.这篇报道尖锐地批评了那家工厂的安全标准。②ofthegreatestimportancetothewaythingsmighthappen关键性的；决定性的；至关重要的【例句】Thepresident'ssupportiscritical(tothisproject).总统的支持（对该计划）至关重要。③givingopinionsorjudgmentsonbooks,plays,films,etc.（对书、戏剧、电影等）评论的【例句】Hislastfilmwon/receivedcriticalacclaim(=waspraisedbyfilmcritics).他的最新影片赢得了评论界的赞誉。④extremelyseriousordangerous严重的；危急的；危险的【例句】Thiscriticalsituationexistsparticularlyinthemoderncities.这种严重的情形特别存在于现代都市之中。appropriate[əˈprəʊpriət]①suitableorrightforaparticularsituationoroccasion恰当的；合适的【例句】Ididn'tthinkhiscommentswereveryappropriateatthetime.我觉得他在当时发表那些评论很不妥当。②totakesomethingforyourownuse,usuallywithoutpermission挪用；占用；盗用【动词】【例句】Helosthisjobwhenhewasfoundtohaveappropriatedsomeofthecompany'smoney.他被发现侵吞公司钱款后就丢了工作。③tokeepanamountofmoneytouseforaparticularpurpose拨出（款项）【动词】【例句】Thegovernmenthaveappropriatedmillionsofpoundsfortheproject.政府已经为该项目拨款数百万英镑。pilot[ˈpaɪlət]①apersonwhofliesanaircraft飞行员②aprogrammethatismadetointroduceanewradioortelevisionseriesandtesthowpopularitis（电视或广播的）试播节目③adj.apilotplan,product,orsystemisusedtotesthowgoodsomethingisbeforeintroducingit.试点的，试验性的v.④toflyanaircraft飞行⑤totestanewproductbeforeititsold（在销售前）试验（新产品）Weshallpilotseveralnewcosmeticproductstoselectedpotentialpurchasers.我们将在一些选定的潜在顾客身上试用几种新化妆品。⑥toberesponsibleforintroducinganewlaworsystemandmakingcertainitisestablished使（新的法律或制度）顺利通过20yearsagohepilotedabillthroughParliamentonworkingconditions.20年前他力促议会通过了一项有关工作环境的议案。⑦todirectashipintoaportorthroughanareaofwater引航attrition[əˈtrɪʃn]①graduallymakingsomethingweakeranddestroyingit,especiallythestrengthorconfidenceofanenemybyrepeatedlyattackingit（尤指给敌人的力量或自信造成的）消耗，损耗，削弱Terroristgroupsandthegovernmenthavebeenengagedinacostlywarofattritionsince2008.自2008年以来，恐怖主义组织和政府之间一直在进行两败俱伤的消耗战。②areductioninthenumberofpeoplewhoworkforanorganizationthatisachievedbynotreplacingthosepeoplewholeave自然裁员Thecompanyplanstocutaquarterofitsworkforceoversixyearsthroughnaturalattritionandfewerhirings.公司计划在6年内通过人员自然流失和减少雇用使员工总数减少1/4。③thepeoplewholeaveaneducationalortrainingcoursebeforeithasfinished中途辍学者Thehighattritionratesonthedegreeprogramsareacauseforconcern.学位课程的高辍学率令人担忧。sell[sel]【熟词僻义】topersuadesomeonethatanideaorplanisagoodoneandlikelytobesuccessful说服，接受I'msureyourideawillsell.我相信你的观点能被接受。【idioms】sellsbdowntheriver出卖/背叛（某人）sellsb/yourself/sthshort小看，低估固定短语及表达1、在去年下半年Inthesecondhalfoflastyear2、确定地位takeholdTheeconomicrecoveryisjustbeginningtotakeholdnow.经济复苏的趋势刚刚开始稳定下来。3、智囊团，智库thinktank4、sellsthoff减价出售，低价处理sell(sb)out背叛，出卖sellout卖光；售罄sellup（为移居他处或做别的事情而）出售房屋（或公司）deliver[dɪˈlɪvə(r)]v.投递，运送①togive,direct,oraimsomething给出；指向；瞄准Thepriestdeliveredapassionatesermon/speechagainstwar.牧师发表了一篇充满激情的反战布道词／演讲。Thejurydeliveredaverdictofnotguilty.陪审团作出了无罪判决。②toachieveorproducesomethingthathasbeenpromised实现；产生；兑现（诺言）Thegovernmenthasfailedtodeliver(whatitpromised).政府没有兑现（承诺）。③to(help)givebirthtoababy给…助产；接生；分娩Shedeliveredherthirdchildathome.她在家里生下了她的第3个孩子。④tosavesomeonefromapainfulorbadexperience拯救，救助Istherenothingthatcanbedonetodeliverthesestarvingpeoplefromtheirsuffering?难道真的没有什么办法可以救救这些正在挨饿的人吗？yield[jiːld]v.①tosupplyorproducesomethingpositivesuchasaprofit,anamountoffoodorinformation出产，产生Theinvestigationyieldedsomeunexpectedresults.调查得出了一些出乎意料的结果。②togiveupthecontroloforresponsibilityforsomething,oftenbecauseyouhavebeenforcedto（常指被迫）放弃，让出Theywereforcedtoyield(up)theirlandtotheoccupyingforces.他们被迫将领土割让给占领军。③tobendorbreakunderpressure（受压）弯曲，折断，垮掉Hislegsbegantoyieldunderthesheerweightofhisbody.他的双腿连自己的体重也承受不住，开始弯曲。④tostopinordertoallowothervehiclestogopast,especiallybeforeyoudriveontoabiggerroad停车让道（以让其他车辆通过）Ifyou'regoingdownhill,youneedtoyieldtobikersgoinguphill.下山的时候，你需要停车让上山的骑自行车的人先行。【词组】yieldtosth.顺从，服从n