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2023-2023学年高三上学期期中英语试卷
Recently,IflewtoLasVegastoattendameeting.Aswewereabouttoarrive,thepilotannouncedwithapologythattherewouldbeaslightdelaybeforesettingdown.Highdesertwindshadforcedtheairporttocloseallbutonerunway.Hesaidthatwewouldbecirclingthecityforafewminuteswaitingtoland.Wewerealsotoldtoremaininourseatsmeanwhilewithourseatbelts1.(fasten)becausetheremightbeafewbumps.Well,thatfewminutesturnedintoaboutforty-fiveminutes,includingaridethatwouldmakearollercoaster2.(pale)bycomparison.
Themovementwassosudden3.severalpassengersfeltsickandhadtouseairsicknessbags.4.youmightguess,that’snotgoodthingtohappeninanarrowspacebecauseitonlyservestoincreasethediscomfortofthesituation.
Abouttwentyminutesintotheadventure,theentireairplanebecameveryquiet.Therewasnowasenseofanxietyandfearthatcouldbedistinctlynoticed.Everypassengersimplyheldonfordearlife…5.one.Ababywashavingagoodtime!Witheachbumpoftheaircraft,he6.letoutagiggleofhappiness.AsIobservedthis,Irealizedthathedidn’tknowhewassupposedtobeafraidandworriedabouthissafety.He7.thoughtaboutthepastnoraboutthefuture.Thoseare8.wegrown-upshavelearnedfromexperience.Hewasenjoyingtheridebecausehe9.(notteach)tofearit.10.(understand)this,Itookadeepbreathandsatbackintomyseat,pretendingIwasreallyonarollercoaster.Ismiledfortherestoftheflight.Ievenmanagedtogiggleonceortwice,whichismuchtothechagrinofthemansittingnexttomeholdingtheairsicknessbag.
二、完形填空
Signhasbecomeascientifichotbutton.Onlyinthepast20yearshavespecialistsinlanguagestudyrealizedthatsignedlanguagesare______—aspeechofthehand.Theyofferanewwaytoprobehowthebraingeneratesand______language,andthrownewlightonanoldscientific______:whetherlanguage,______withgrammar,issomethingthatwearebornwith,orwhetheritisa______behavior.Thecurrentinterestinsignlanguagehasrootsinthe______workofonerebelteacheratGallaudetUniversityinWashington,D.C.,theworld’sonlyliberalartsuniversityfordeafpeople.
WhenBillStokoewenttoGallaudettoteachEnglish,theschoolenrolledhiminacourseinsigning.ButStokoenoticedsomething______;amongthemselves,studentssigneddifferentlyfromhisclassroomteacher.
Stokoehadbeentaughtasortofgestural______,eachmovementofthehandsrepresentingawordinEnglish.Atthetime,AmericanSignLanguage(ASL)wasthoughttobenomorethanaformofpidginEnglish(混杂英语).ButStokoebelievedthe“hand______”hisstudentsusedlookedricher.Hewondered:MightdeafpeopleactuallyhaveagenuinelanguageAndcouldthatlanguagebe______anyotheronEarthItwas1955,whenevendeafpeople___________theirsigningas“substandard”.Stokoe’sideawasacademicheresy–abeliefcontrarytowhatwasgenerallyaccepted.
Itis37yearslater.Stokoe—nowdevotinghistimetowritingandeditingbooksandjournalsandtoproducingvideomaterialsonASLandthedeafculture—ishavinglunchatacafeneartheGallaudetcampusandexplaininghowhestarteda(n)______.Fordecadeseducatorsfoughthisideathatsignedlanguagesarenaturallanguages______English,FrenchandJapanese.Theyassumedlanguagemustbebasedonspeech,themodulation(调整)ofsound.Butsignlanguageisbasedonthemovementofhands,themodulationof______.“WhatIsaid,”Stokoeexplains,“isthatlanguageisnotmouthstuff(素材)—it’s______stuff.”
1.A.uniqueB.neutralC.inexactD.vague
2.A.variesB.appliesC.interrelatesD.understands
3.A.argumentB.definitionC.conclusionD.statement
4.A.familiarB.completeC.changeableD.comparative
5.A.adoptedB.inheritedC.introducedD.learned
6.A.pioneeringB.concludingC.proceedingD.imitating
7.A.casualB.oddC.wittyD.tricky
8.A.clueB.fileC.codeD.digit
9.A.talkB.gossipC.clapD.shake
10.A.characteristicofB.differentfromC.equaltoD.worthyof
11.A.contributedB.signifiedC.justifiedD.dismissed
12.A.evolutionB.procedureC.revolutionD.presentation
13.A.withB.amongC.asD.like
14.A.spaceB.rhythmC.volumeD.rate
15.A.cultureB.brainC.muscleD.heart
三、阅读理解
OnepictureintheWonderBookofknowledgeIhadasalittleboyshowedamanreadingabookwhilefloatingintheDeadSea.Whatamiracle!Howwoulditfeeltoliebackinwatersothickwithsaltthatitwasimpossibletosink
FedbytheJordanRiverandsmallerstreams,theDeadSeaisthelowestpointontheearth’ssurface,anditswateristentimessaltierthantheMediterranean.Withevaporationitsonlyoutlet,saltandothermineralsbecomesuper-concentrated.
Earlierthisyear,Idrovedownthelong,steephilltorealizemydream.Theshorelinewasabroadareaofbaresalt-mud,butthewateredgewasfaroutofsight.HadsomebodypulledtheDeadSea’splugIwondered.EliDior,anIsraeliofficial,explainedtheproblem:“TheDeadSeaisdryingup.Everyyear,thesurfacedropsaboutonemeter,andasthewaterlevelfalls,shadowareasarelefthighanddry.”
Overthelasthalf-century,thefiveneighboringcountrieshavecollectivelydivertednearlyallthewaterflowingintotheDeadSeatomeethumanandagricultureneeds.Result:theDeadSeaisbeingemptied.
Withpopulationintheregionsettodoubleatleastinthenext50years,thereislittlehopeofrestoringthewaterbeingdivertedforhumanconsumption.NocountryhasadroptosparefortheDeadSea,wheretheyknowitwilljustevaporate.Todreamofopeningthedamsandrestoringnaturalbalanceisplainlyunrealistic.
Yetoneambitioushigh-techdreammayturnouttobenotonlythesalvationoftheDeadSeabutalsoatickettopeacearounditsshores.The“Red-Dead”isaproposed$5billionprojecttobringseawatersome240kilometersbypipelineandcanalfromtheRedSeatotheDeadSea.TheRed-Deadmaybetheonlysolution,buteveniftheprojectiscarriedoutsuccessfully,theDeadSeawillbe10to20meterslowerthannowandtwothirdsofitscurrentsize.
Whateverthefutureholds,theDeadSea’smagicalmixofsun,mud,seaandsaltwillsurelysurvive.ManymightcomplainthattheDeadSeaishalfempty—butformetheDeadseawillalwaysbehalffull.
1.What’sthepassagemainlyabout
A.DeadSea–miracleoftheworld.
B.SavetheenvironmentoftheDeadSea.
C.SlowshrinkingoftheDeadSea.
D.WhyistheDeadSeasosalty.
2.TheshrinkingoftheDeadSeaismainlycausedby________accordingtothepassage.
A.aseverereductionofthewaterflowingintothesea
B.rapidevaporationofthewaterintheDeadSeaarea
C.theincreasingquantityofwaterdrawnfromthesea
D.verylowannualrainfallintheDeadSeaArea
3.Whichofthefollowingisrightaccordingtothepassage
A.Withnooutlettoanyocean,theDeadSeahasbecomebyevaporationmostdensewatersonearth.
B.Thoughburdenedwiththegrowingpopulation,theneighboringcountrieshaven’tcutoffthesourcesoftheDeadSea.
C.AllthecountriesintheareawillconsiderdivertinglesswaterfromtheJordanRiver.
D.TheRed-DeadProjecthasnotonlybroughtwatertotheDeadSea,butpeacetotheareaaswell.
4.Whichofthefollowingstatementswilltheauthorapproveof
A.IftheDeadSeadriedup,greatnaturaldisasterswouldhappenintheregion.
B.TheDeadSeawillnotsurvivenomatterwhatpeopledotosaveit.
C.ThefiveneighboringcountriesshouldstopdivertingwaterfromtheJordanRiver.
D.ThoughtheDeadSeaisshrinkinggradually,itwillnotdie.
Theglobalenergycrisisisapproaching.WhatcanwedoHerearesomestepsyoucantake.
Coolingputsthegreateststressonyoursummerenergybillandthepowergrid.Justasatune-upforyourcarcanimproveyourgasmileage,ayearlytune-upofyourheatingandcoolingsystemcanimproveefficiencyandcomfort.Cleanorreplacefiltermonthlyorasneeded.
Forcentralairconditioningsystemsandroomairconditioners,lookfortheENERGYSTAR,thefederalgovernment’ssymbolforenergyefficiency.Forcentralair,purchasethesystemwiththehighestpossibleSeasonalEnergyEfficiencyRatio.(SEER)
Useenergyefficientceilingfanseitheraloneorwithairconditioning.Ceilingfansdoagreatjobofcirculatingair.Whenusedwithairconditioning,fansallowyoutoraisethethermostatandcutcosts.Ceilingfanscoolpeople,notrooms,sobeforeyouleave,turnofftheceilingfan.
Letaprogrammablethermostat“rememberforyou”toautomaticallyadjusttheindoorclimatewithyourdailyandweekendpatternstoreducecoolingbillsbyupto10percent.Youcancomehometoacomfortablehousewithoutwastingenergyandcreatingpollutionalldaywhileyouareatwork.
Trytomakeyourhomeairtightenoughtoincreaseyourcomfort,makeyourhomequieterandcleanerandreduceyourcoolingcostsupto20percent.
Cutyourairconditioningload,andreducepollutionbyplantingleafytreesaroundyourhomeandfixingreflectivebricksonyourroof.
Closeblindsorshadesonsouth-andwest-facingwindowsduringtheday,orfixshadingequipmenttoavoidheatbuild-up.
Turnoffeverythingnotinuse:lights,TVs,computers.Andusefluorescentbulbs,whichprovidebright,warmlightwhileusingatleasttwo-thirdslessenergy,producing70percentlessheatandlastingupto10timeslongerthanincandescentbulbs.
Drivethecarthatgetsbettergasmileagewheneverpossibleifyouownmorethanonevehicle.Ifyoudrive12,500milesayear,switching10percentofyourtripsfromacarthatgets20milespergallontoonethatgets30mpgwillsaveyoumorethan£65peryear.
Carpool.TheaverageU.S.commutercouldsaveabout£260ayearbysharingcarstwiceaweekwithtwootherpeopleinacarthatgets20.1mpg-assumingthethreepassengerssharethecostofgas.
1.Accordingtothepassage,thethermostatisusedto________.
A.makeroomsquieterB.controlroomtemperature
C.turnofftheairconditionerD.reduceroomairpollution
2.Wecanconcludefromthepassagethattheauthorprobablydiscourages_________.
A.plantingleafytreesaroundyourhome
B.turningofftheceilingfanbeforeyouleaveyourhouse
C.keepingyoursouth-facingwindowsopenduringtheday
D.usingfluorescentbulbsinsteadofincandescentbulbs
3.Accordingtothepassage,youcansavefuelby_______.
A.usingenergy-efficientceilingfans
B.sharingcarswithothersonworkdays
C.turningoffeverythingnotinuse
D.reducing10%ofyourcartripseveryyear
MentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsforEnglishpeoplelivingbetween1660and1800.Mostwomenandmenwhosufferedfrommentalillnesswerenotinstitutionalizedasthiswastheperiodbeforetheextensivebuildingofmentalhospitals.Instead,theywerehousedathome,andcaredforbyotherfamilymembers.
NowanewstudybyCambridgehistorianDr.ElizabethFoysterwillrevealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives.
Muchhasbeenwrittenabouttheinsanethemselvesbutfewstudieshaveconsideredmentalillnessfromtheperspectiveofthecarers.Thelifetimeburdenofcaringforthoseindividualswhosementaldevelopmentdidnotprogressbeyondchildhood,andwhocontemporarieslabeledas‘idiots’or‘fools’,hasbeenlittleexploredbyhistorians.Foyster’sresearch,whichhasbeenfundedbytheLeverhulmeTrust,willcarefullyexaminetheemotionalandeconomicconsequencesforfamiliesatatimewhenthePoorLawboundthemtolookaftertheirmentallyillanddisabledfamilymembers.
Byaskingkeyquestionsabouttheimpactof‘careinthecommunity’inthe18thcentury,Foysterhopesthatherresearchwillbridgesocialandmedicalhistory.Specifically,sheaimstoprovideanhistoricalperspectiveforcontemporarydebatessuchashowresourcescanbestretchedtoprovideforchildrenwithlearningdifficultiesandanagingpopulation.
“Thestressesandstrainsoffamilywereworsenedbyhighinfantmortalityandlowlifeexpectancy,andmanyindividualswerepushedtowardsmentalbreakdown,”sheexplained.“Moreover,inheritedconditions,senility(高龄)andwhattodaywouldbedescribedas‘specialneeds’couldputgreatemotionaldemandsonfamilymemberswhohadprimaryresponsibilityfortheirsickordisabledrelatives.”
Theresearchwillshedlightuponhowcaringforthementallyillanddisabledraiseddifficultissuesforfamiliesaboutthelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibility,andwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthenedbytheexperience.Thequestionsofhowfarshamewasattachedtohavinginsanityoridiocywithinafamily,andatwhatpointfamiliesbegantoseekoutsidehelp,willalsobeaddressed.
“Thefamilymusthaveseemedaninescapablefeatureofdailylifebetween1660and1800,”saidFoyster.“Althoughtherewerethosewhowereabandonedandrejected,forthemajority,mentaldisabilitywasaccommodatedwithinthefamilyunit.Iaimtogettotheheartofwhatthisreallymeantforpeople’slives.”
1.WhichisNOTthereasonwhythosementallyillanddisabledwerenotinstitutionalizedfrom1660to1800
A.Mentalillnessanddisabilitywerefamilyproblemsthen.
B.Theextensivebuildingofmentalhospitalsdidn’tstartyet.
C.Theywereabandonedbythegovernmentandthefamily.
D.Thefamilywouldbefoundguiltyiftheydidn’tcareforthem.
2.WhydoesFoysterwanttocarryoutthisstudy
A.Becauseitcanprovidesomefoodforthoughtforsomecurrentsocialissues.
B.Becausethestressesandstrainsoffamilylifehavedrivenmanypeoplecrazy.
C.Becauseshe’slookingforwaystocommunicatewiththesickordisabledpeople.
D.Becausethelimitsofintergenerationalresponsibilityinsuchfamilies,interesther.
3.WhichquestionwillNOTbestudiedintheresearch
A.Howshouldresourcestodaybestretchedtoprovideforanagingpopulation
B.Howdidcaringforthesickanddisabledaffectthefamily’searningpower
C.Howshamefuldidafamilyfeelwhentheirinsaneordisabledrelativeswerefoundout
D.Atwhatpointdidthosefamilieshavetobegintolookforoutsidehelp
4.Thepassageiswritteninorderto________.
A.revealtheimpactonfamiliesofcaringformentallyillanddisabledrelatives
B.provideanhistoricalperspectivetocontemporarydebates
C.shedlightuponwhetherfamilytieswereweakenedorstrengthened
D.introduceanewhistoricalstudycarriedoutbyaCambridgehistorian
四、六选四
Bicycles,rollerskatesandskateboardsaredangerous.Anddon’tgetmestartedonwalking.ButI’mgladIdidn’tspendmychildhoodtrappedindoorstoprotectmefromeverybumpandbruise.“Thatwhichdoesnotkillusmakesusstronger.”1.Andnowtechnologyhasbecomethenewfieldfortheage-oldbattlebetweenadultsandtheirfreedom-cravingkids.
Lockedindoors,unabletogetontheirbicyclesandhangoutwiththeirfriends,teenshaveturnedtosocialmediaandtheirmobilephonestosocializewiththeirpeers.Whattheydoonlineoftenmirrorswhattheymightotherwisedoiftheirmobilityweren’tsoheavilylimitedintheageofhelicopterparenting.Socialmediaandsmartphoneshavebecomesopopularinrecentyears.2.
Asteenshavemovedonline,parentshaveprojectedtheirfearsontotheInternet,imaginingallthepotentialdangersthatyouthmightface–fromviolentstrangerstocruelpeerstopicturesorwordsthatcouldhauntthemonGooglefortherestoftheirlives.
Ratherthanhelpingteensdevelopstrategiesfornegotiatingpubliclifeandthepotentialrisksofinteractingwithothers,fearfulparentshavefocusedontracking,monitoringandblocking.3.“Protecting”kidsmayfeelliketherightthingtodo,butitgraduallyweakensthelearningthatteensneedtodoastheycomeofageinatechnology-soakedworld.
Thekeytohelpingyouthnavigatecontemporarydigitallifeisn’tmorerestrictions.It’sfreedom-pluscommunication.Whatmakesthedigitalstreetsafeiswhenteensandadultscollectivelyagreetoopentheireyesandpayattention,communicateandnegotiatedifficultsituationstogether.Teensneedthefreedomtowanderthedigitalstreet,buttheyalsoneedtoknowthatcaringadultsarebehindthemandsupportingthemwherevertheygo.Thefirststepistoturnoffthetrackingsoftware.4.
五、汉译英
Translation
1.根据惯例,参加批改考卷的老师不能使用任何电子设备。(access)
2.每天仅准许两百名游客进入博物馆参观,由于里面陈设的物品极其宝贵。(admit)
3.直到获悉儿子被心仪的私立学校录用时,这个多愁善感的妈妈才松了一口气。(It…)
4.忠言逆耳利于行,这个道理尽人皆知,但是这个固执的老头是否有可能会听从你的`建议呢?(possibility)
六、概要写作
Summary
TheSuperStrengthofSpiderWebs
TheabilityoffictionalsuperheroSpider-Mantoswingoffcityskyscrapersusinghisstickywebhasfascinatedmanyofus.Buthoweveramazingitappearstobe,thesuperpowerisunrealistic,rightNotcompletely,scientistssay.
Spidersilkisinitselfaverystrongmaterial.Infact,itisaboutfivetimesstrongerthansteelinweight-for-weightterms.Evenso,thisdoesn’tthoroughlyexplainthestrengthofspiderwebs.Itwasnotuntilrecentlythatscientistsdiscoveredwhyspiderwebsareabletowithstandhugeforces.
Thescientistsfoundthroughastudythatitisnotjusttheremarkablestrengtho
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