聚合物太阳能电池中复合膜的应用研究

聚合物太阳能电池中复合膜的应用研究1.Introduction

Polymersolarcells(PSCs)areatypeoforganicphotovoltaic(OPV)devicesthatconvertsunlightintoelectricity.OnecriticalcomponentinPSCsisthecompositefilm,whichconsistsofablendofaconjugatedpolymerandafullerenederivative.ThisarticlereviewsrecentadvancesintheapplicationofcompositefilmsinPSCs,withafocusonthefollowingaspects:(i)preparationtechniques,(ii)filmmorphologyandchargetransport,(iii)deviceperformance,and(iv)stabilityandlifetime.

2.Preparationtechniques

VariousmethodshavebeenemployedforthepreparationofcompositefilmsinPSCs,includingspin-coating,blade-coating,spray-coating,inkjetprinting,androll-to-roll(R2R)processing.Eachtechniquehasitsadvantagesandlimitationsintermsoffilmquality,thicknesscontrol,andscalability.Forexample,spin-coatingisawell-establishedmethodforachievinghigh-qualityfilmswithprecisethicknesscontrol,butithaslimitedscalabilityformassproduction.Incontrast,R2Rprocessingcanproducelarge-areafilmsathighspeed,butitmayintroducedefectsandvariationsinfilmquality.

3.Filmmorphologyandchargetransport

ThemorphologyofcompositefilmsiscriticaltotheefficiencyandstabilityofPSCs.Typically,awell-orderedandinterconnectednetworkofdonorandacceptormaterialsisdesiredforefficientchargeseparationandtransport.However,achievingsuchmorphologyisstillachallengeduetothecomplexinterplaybetweenfilmprocessingparameters,materialproperties,anddevicearchitecture.Severalstrategieshavebeendevelopedtocontrolthefilmmorphology,suchassolventselection,thermalannealing,andadditivesincorporation.Thesestrategiescanenhancethecrystallinity,phaseseparation,andsurfacemorphologyofcompositefilms,leadingtoimproveddeviceperformance.

4.Deviceperformance

TheperformanceofPSCsisdeterminedbyseveralparameters,suchastheopen-circuitvoltage(Voc),short-circuitcurrent(Jsc),fillfactor(FF),andpowerconversionefficiency(PCE).ThePCEisthekeymetricthatreflectstheoverallefficiencyofPSCs.ThePCEofPSCshasbeensteadilyincreasingoverthepastdecade,fromlessthan1%toover17%currently.Thisprogressisattributedtothedevelopmentofnewmaterials,improveddevicearchitectures,andoptimizedfilmprocessing.Moreover,theuseofcompositefilmshasenabledthefabricationofflexibleandlightweightPSCs,whichhavebroadenedtherangeofpotentialapplications.

5.Stabilityandlifetime

ThestabilityandlifetimeofPSCsarecriticalfortheircommercializationandpracticaluse.PSCsareknowntobesusceptibletodegradationduetovariousfactors,suchasoxygen,moisture,light,andheat.Thedegradationcanleadtoreducedefficiency,shortenedlifetime,andevencompletefailureofPSCs.Therefore,developingstableanddurablePSCsisanactiveareaofresearch.Severalapproacheshavebeenproposed,suchasencapsulation,interfacialengineering,andmaterialmodification.TheseapproachescanmitigatethedegradationofPSCsbypreventingordelayingtheingressofharmfulspecies,enhancingthestabilityofinterfaces,andimprovingtheintrinsicstabilityofmaterials.

6.Conclusion

TheapplicationofcompositefilmsinPSCshasopenedupnewopportunitiesforthedevelopmentofcost-effective,lightweight,andflexiblesolarcells.Thepreparationtechniques,filmmorphology,chargetransport,deviceperformance,stability,andlifetimeofcompositefilmsarecriticalfactorsthatdeterminetheefficiencyanddurabilityofP