2020版高考英语刷题高分提能组合练29

高分提能组合练（二十九）阅读理解+完形填空+语法填空+短文改错I.阅读理解（2019-河北衡水调研）WhatCocktailPartiesTeachUsYou'reataparty.Musicisplaying.Glassesareclinking.Dozensofconversationsaredrivingupthedecibel（分贝）level.Yetamongallthosedistractions,youcantuneyourattentiontojustonevoicefrommany.Thisabilityiswhatresearcherscallthe“cocktail-partyeffect”.ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex（听觉皮层）justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.Theauditorycortexboostssomesoundsandturnsdownotherssothatwhenthesignalreachesthehigherbrain,“it'sasifonlyonepersonwasspeakingalone,”saysinvestigatorEdwardChang.Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen'tverygoodatmultitasking-ourbrainsarewiredfor“selectiveattention”andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.Thatinbornabilityhashelpedhumanssurviveinaworldbuzzingwithvisualandauditorystimulation（刺激）.Butwekeeptryingtopushthelimitswithmultitasking,sometimeswithtragic（悲剧的）consequences.Driverstalkingoncellphones,forexample,arefourtimesaslikelytogetintotrafficaccidentsasthosewhoaren’t.Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto“inattentionalblindness”,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren’tfocusingon.Themoreattentionataskdemands,thelessattentionwecanpaytootherthingsinourfieldofvision.Imageslandonourretinas（视网膜）andareeitherboostedorplayeddowninthevisualcortexbeforebeingpassedtothebrain,justastheauditorycortexfilterssounds,asshownintheNaturestudylastweek.“It'sapush-pullrelationship-themorewefocusononething,thelesswecanfocusonothers,“saysDianeM.Beck,anassociateprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofIllinois.StudiesoverthepastdecadeattheUniversityofUtahshowthatdriverstalkingonhands-freecellphonesarejustasinfluencedasthoseonhands-heldphonesbecauseitistheconversation,notthedevice,thatisdistractingtheirattention.Thosetalkingonanykindofcellphonereactmoreslowlyandmissmoretrafficsignalsthanothermotorists.Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant-likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.［语篇解读］本文讲述的是“鸡尾酒会效应”的启示。WhathavescientistsinUniversityofCaliforniafoundabout“thecocktail-partyeffect”?Usuallythereisonlyonepersonwhoisspeakingalone.Allkindsofannoyingsoundsdriveupthedecibellevel.Thehigherbrainprocessessoundsandimagesselectively.Soundsaresortedoutbeforereachingthehigherbrain.D［细节理解题。根据第二段第一句ScientistsattheUniversityofCaliforniainSanFranciscohavefoundwherethatsound-editingprocessoccursinthebrain—intheauditorycortex(听觉皮层)justbehindtheear,notinareasofhigherthought.现在，加州大学旧金山分校(UniversityofCaliforniainSanFrancisco)的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过程在大脑中发生的位置一一在耳朵后面的听觉皮层，而不是大脑的高级思维区域。可知，在到达更高的大脑之前，声音已经被整理出来了。］Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?A．Wearebiologicallyincapableofmultitasking.B．Wesurvivedistractionsinlifebymultitasking.C．Wecannotmultitaskwithoutextraattention.D．Webenefitfrompushingthelimitwithmultitasking.A［推理判断题。根据第三段第一句Thesefindings,publishedinthejournalNaturelastweek,explainwhypeoplearen’tverygoodatmultitasking—ourbrainsarewiredfor“selectiveattention”andcanfocusononlyonethingatatime.这些上月发布在《自然》(Nature)期刊上的研究结果强调了为何人们不是很擅长处理多任务——我们的大脑有〃选择性注意”机制，一次只能专注于一件事。可知，我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。］Whichofthefollowingisanexampleof“inattentionalblindness”?A．Acarelessdriverlosthiseyesightafteracaraccident.Policescannedthecrowdsandlocatedthecriminal.C．Amanagertalkedonahands-freephonewithhisclient.D.Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing《氐头).D［推理判断题。根据第四段第一句Manyofthoseaccidentsaredueto“inattentionalblindness”,inwhichpeoplecan,ineffect,turnablindeyetothingstheyaren’tfocusingon.可知，D项Apedestrianhadacaraccidentbecauseofphubbing.（一个行人因低头族而发生车祸。）是一个“inattentionalblindness”的例子。］Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.A.compareandcontrast B.informandexplainC.argueanddiscuss D.examineandevaluateD［目的意图题。根据最后一段Somepeoplecantrainthemselvestopayextraattentiontothingsthatareimportant—likepoliceofficerslearntoscancrowdsforfacesandconductorscanlistenforindividualinstrumentswithintheorchestraasawhole.Manymorethinktheycaneffectivelymultitask,butareactuallyshiftingtheirattentionrapidlybetweentwothingsandnotgettingthefulleffectofeither,expertssay.有人可以训练自己对重要的事情付出格外的注意力一一就像警察学习扫描人群的面孔以及乐团指挥可以在整个乐团中听到每件乐器的声音。专家说，更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务/旦他们其实是在两件事之间迅速转移注意力，而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。可知本文的目的是〃检查和评估"。］II.完形填空Inourmodernworld,whensomethingwearsout,wethrowitawayandbuyanewone.The1isthatcountriesaroundtheworldhavegrowingmountainsof__2_becausepeoplearethrowingoutmorerubbishthaneverbefore.Howdidwe3athrowawaysociety?Firstofall,itisnoweasierto_4__anobjectthantospendtimeandmoneytorepairit.5modernmanufacturing（制造业）andtechnology,companiesareabletoproduceproductsquicklyandinexpensively.Productsareplentifuland—6—.Anothercauseisour7ofdisposable（一次性的）products.As8people,wearealwayslookingfor9tosavetimeandmakeourliveseasier.Companies10thousandsofdifferentkindsofdisposableproducts:paperplates,plasticcups,andcameras,tonameafew.Ourappetitefornewproductsalso11totheproblem.Weare12—buyingnewthings.Advertisementspersuadeusthat13—isbetterandthatwewillbehappierwiththelatestproducts.Theresultisthatwe14—usefulpossessionstomakeroomfornewones.Allaroundtheworld,wecanseethe15ofthisthrowawaylifestyle.Mountainsofrubbishjustkeepgettingbigger.To16—theamountofrubbishandtoprotectthe17,moregovernmentsarerequiringpeopletorecyclematerials.18,thisisnotenoughtosolveourproblem.Maybethereisanotherwayout. Weneedtorepairourpossessions_19_throwingthemaway.Wealsoneedtorethinkourattitudesabout20—.Repairingourpossessionsandchangingourspendinghabitsmaybethebestwaytoreducetheamountofrubbishandtakecareofourenvironment.［语篇解读］文章主要讲的是垃圾堆积如山及其成因和解决方法。1.A.key B.reasonC.project D.problemD［A.答案；B.原因；C.项目；D.问题。根据第一段第二句可知，出现的问题是垃圾堆积如山。］A.gifts B.rubbishC.debt D.productsB［句意：因为人们现在扔掉很多垃圾，因此，垃圾堆积成了山。］A.face B. becomeC.observe D.changeB［A.面对；B.变得；C.观察；D.改变。根据由对ofall…”可知，这里讲的是乱扔垃圾的原因。］A.hide B.controlC.replace D.withdrawC［A.躲藏；B.控制；C.代替；D.撤退，收回。句意：首先，与花时间和钱修理相比，现在更换物品更容易。］A.Thanksto B.AstoC.Exceptfor D.RegardlessofA［句意：多亏了当代制造业和技术，公司能够更快地生产产品，成本也降低很多。］A.safe B. funnyC.cheap D.powerfulC［根据inexpensively可知，成本降低的话，产品价格相对也会降低。］A.love B.lackC.prevention D.divisionA［句意：另一个原因是人们对一次性产品的钟爱。］A.sensitive B.kindC.brave D.busyD［根据“…wearealwayslookingfor...”可知，人们总是在节省时间，说明人们很忙碌。］A.ways B.placesC.jobs D.friendsA［A.方法；B.地方；C.工作；D.朋友。awaytodosth.“做某事的方法"，是固定搭配。］A.donate B. receiveC.produce D.preserveC［句意：企业生产大量的一次性产品……。］.A.adapts B.returnsC.responds D.contributesD[adaptto适应；returnto返回，归还；respondto反应；contributeto为 做贡献，促成，有助于。句意：我们对新产品的欲望也促成了这一问题。]A.tiredof B.addictedtoC.worriedabout D.ashamedforB[A.厌倦；B.沉迷于；C.担心；D.感到羞耻。根据appetite可知，人们痴迷于购买新产品。]A.newer B.strongerC．higher D．largerA[A.更新的；B.更强壮的；C.更高的；D.更大的。句意：广告使人们相信新的更好……。]A.pickup B.payforC．holdonto D．throwawayD[A.捡起，学会，开车去接；B.支付；C.抓住，坚持；D.扔掉。句意：结果是我们扔掉自己的物品来为新的腾地方。]A.advantages B.purposesC.functions D.consequencesD[A.优点，有利条件；B.目的；C.功能，作用；D.后果。根据下句可知，这里

指的是乱扔垃圾的后果。］指的是乱扔垃圾的后果。］16.A.showB.recordC.decrease D.measureC[A.显示，展示；B.记录；C.减少；D.测量。句意：越来越多的政府要求人们循环使用物品，这样做是为了减少垃圾。]A.technology B.environmentC.consumers D.brandsB[A.技术；B.环境；C.消费者；D.品牌。要求人们循环利用也是为了保护环境。]A.However B.OtherwiseC.Therefore D.MeanwhileA[A.然而；B.要不然；C.因此；D.同时。句意：然而，只是要求人们循环利用还不足以解决我们的问题。]A.by B.infavorofC．after D．insteadofD[A.通过；B.支持；C.在…•之后；D.代替，而不是。句意：我们需要修理我们的物品，而不是扔掉它们。]A.spending B.collectingC.repairing D.advertisingC[A.花费，度过；B.收集；C.修理；D.广告。句意：我们也需要重新考虑对修理的态度。根据下句“Repairing…”可知答案。]III.语法填空Whenwaitingforthetrain,ayounggirlplayingwithherballsuddenlyfounditoutofherhands,1(roll)offtheplatformandlandingonthetracks.Notonlywasshetroubled,butthewholefamilywereabitupset.Overhearingtheirconversation,Iknewthattheball2.(give)toherfromhergrandfather,3_ isnolongeralive.Itwasnotreplaceableasitheldpreciousmemories.ItoldthemIcouldhelpgetitforthem.Iwasn'tsurehow,butI'm4(create)andfeltconfidentIwouldfigureitout.Theywerehesitanttogivemetheircontactinformation.I'manicelady,butstillastranger,anditfeltoddtothemthatIwouldwanttotaketimeoutofmylife5. (help)them.Myworkcolleaguewhowaswithmeconvincedthem,“Shereallyisgood6helpingpeople.Youreallycantrusther.”AsalwaysintheseZ(situation),youhavetoletonephonecallleadtoanotheruntilyoucantalktosomeonewho8 (have)themagickeytoopenthedoor.But2(lucky)ittookonly3calls.AfewdayslaterIreceivedalovelye-mailfromthemom,thankingmeformyhelpastheynowhave10.specialballwithallitsmemoriesbackwiththelittlegirl.［语篇解读］本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者在火车站台偶遇他人有困难并给予帮助的故事。rolling［考查现在分词。一个正在玩球的小女孩在等火车的时候，突然发现她的球滚下站台，跳到轨道里去了。动词roll与其逻辑主语it之间是主谓关系，故填rolling。］wasgiven/hadbeengiven［考查动词的时态和语态。givesth.tosb.意思是“给某人某物”，根据语境此处应用被动语态，且文章的基本时态是一般过去时，give这一动作是过去发生的，故填wasgiven；此处也可理解为give这一动作发生在过去的过去，故填hadbeengiven。］who［考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处是一个定语从句，先行词是hergrandfather，且从句缺少主语，应用指代人的关系代词，非限制性定语从句不能用that引导，故填who。］creative［考查形容词。分析句子结构可知，空处应用形容词作表语，且动词create的形容词形式是creative，故填creative。］tohelp［考查不定式作状语。分析句子结构并结合语境可知，此处应用不定式作目的状语，故填tohelp。］at［考查介词。根据空前的形容词“good”和空后的动名词短语“helpingpeople”可知，空处应填介词。begoodat意思是“擅长”，为固定短语。故填at。］situations［考查名词复数。根据空前的these可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。situation意为〃情况，形势”时，是可数名词，故填situations。］has［考查主谓一致。空处所在句包含一个定语从句，关系词who指代其前的不定代词someone，不定代词作主语时，谓语动词应用单数，故填has。］luckily［考查副词。此处应用副词作状语修饰整个句子，故填luckily。］the［考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处表示特指，故填定冠词the。］W.短文改错（2019-福州四校联考）WhenIwasyoung,Ilivedinthecountryside.Atthattime,thetreestherewereverygreenandthewater