管兵-政治社会学-政治社会学的历史比较研究-第五讲

Lecture3Macro-HistoricalStudies1精选课件pptTheComparativeHistoricalMethodSmallN,ManyVariablesMultivariateanalysisExplainsbyhistoricalprocesses,classrelations,socialandecon.changes,etc.StructuralexplanationCannotconfirmtheorybutservesasavaluablecheckfortheoreticalspeculation2精选课件pptClassAnalysisMajorClassesTheLandedaristocracy/upperclassThebourgeoisieThemiddleclassThe(urban)workingclass/workersPeasantsOthers(smallholders,farmers,gentry,etc.)3精选课件pptBarringtonMooreAlternativeRoutesofHistoricalDevt:Democracy,FascismandCommunismCommercializationofagricultureTheroleofthelandedupperclass,bourgeoisieandpeasantsEconomicandStructuralExplanation4精选课件pptEngland–parliamentarydemocracyWoolTradeCommercialoutlookoflandedaristocratsEnclosuresforsheepraisingin16-17C.Civilwarin17C.–victoryofallianceofbourgeoisie&landedaristocratsLargetenantsandyeomansupportedcommercializationIncreasedenclosurewipedoutthepeasantry5精选课件pptFranceAristocratsdependentonmonarchytoextractfrompeasants–dependsonduesSaleofoffice–bourgeoisiedep.onkingWineasmostimportantproducePoorpeasantsenragedbyincreasedues,susceptibletoradical&egalitarianthoughtsFrenchrevolutionin1789removedmonarchy&landedaristocracy6精选课件ppt3routestomodernworldDemocratic–bourgeoisrevolution–peaceful(England)orviolent(France,US)TopDownrevolution–landedupperclasscoalescedwithstatetobuildarepressiveregime–Fascism(Germany,Japan)Peasantrevolution–communism7精选课件pptTheDemocraticRouteFeudalismhelpsRoughbalanceb/wnobleandcrownNobourgeoisie,NoDemocracyLandedaristocratsattitudetocommercializationofagric.Preindustrialbureaucraticelite&royalabsolutismRevolutionarybreakwiththepast8精选课件pptTheFascistRoute2possibleroutesofcapitalaccumulation:(a)plantationslavery(E.Germany)(b)peasantsociety+laborrepressiveregime(Japan)Landedaristocracydep.onking,preservationofamilitaryethosBourgeoisietooweaktofightagainstkingoraristocracy9精选课件pptStateascentralizedbureaucracythathelpedtosqueezethepeasantsindevtUseglorificationofpeasantry,nationalism,andoldvaluestoappealtopeasantry10精选课件pptPeasantRevolutionLandlordsneedingprotectionofCentralGovt.tosqueezethepeasantsDidthepeasantsdependonlandlordsforserviceorprotection?Royalabsolutism+centralizedstatelessneedforlandlordprotectionAttitudeofbetter-offpeasants11精选课件pptThedaSkocpol

StatesandSocialRevolutionsComparisonoftheFrench(1789),Chinese(1911)&Russian(1917)RevolutionsStructural&non-voluntaristicexplanation–revolutiondidnotcomeb/cofrevolutionmovementsThecomingofarevolutionarysituationInt’l&world-historicalcontexts12精选课件pptSimilaritiesAutocraticmonarchiesBureaucratic,centralizedstatePre-industrial:mostlyagriculturalthatfailedtomodernizeForeigncompetition&militarythreatnecessitytomobilizemoreresourcesFiscalcrisisduetovariousreasonsPeasantrevoltsagainstlandlords13精选课件pptRevolutionCausesCollapseoftheoldregimeweakenedbydecentralization,reforms,ormilitarydefeatFrance:war&fiscalcrisisincreaseofduesledtoclassconflictChina:decentralizationesp.infinancialmatters.Reformists&gentrypushedforconstitutionalreformRussia:weaklandedupperclass&strongstatewhichwasweakenedbyWWI14精选课件pptJackAGoldstone:TowardAFourthGenerationofRevolutionaryTheory.AnnualReviewofPoliticalScience,2001(4):139-87.15精选课件pptRueschemeyer&Stephens’s

CapitalistDevelopmentandDemocracy

Capitalistdevtbroughtdemocracyb/citstrengthensworking&middleclass,&weakensthelandedupperclassWinners&losersofdemocracyWorkingclassthemostadamant&persistentsupporterofdemocracy16精选课件pptDifferentclassesLandedupperclassmostreactionary:moresoiftheyreliedoncoercion&relyoncheaplaborThebourgeoisiehasliberalpotentialbutwasshakyMiddleclasswasambiguous–pushedfortheirowninclusionbuthesitatedaboutinclusionofworkingclass17精选课件pptMiddleclassinstrumental–iftheycouldnotgetalliancewithlandedupperclasstheyturnedtowork