现在完成时讲解与习题

现在完成时讲解与习题1.概念⑴表示过去发生的动作对现在的影响和结果依然存在（已完成）。常与副词already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑问）,just,ever,never,once,twice,befoe等连用。如：Wehavealreadyknowneachother.Ihavejustwashedmyface.Hehasbeentothisislandbefore.⑵也表示过去发生的动作或状态一直持续到现在，且有可能继续下去（未完成）。常与for（+时间段）,since（+时间点或过去时的句子）,sofar等表示一段时间的状语连用。如：如：Wehavelivedtheresince2000.Mr.zhanghasbeeninBeijingforoverthirtyyears.HehaslearnedEnglishsincehewas6yearsold.注：这种用法中的动词用延续性动词。非延续性动词要用延续性动词代替。常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换：buy—haveborrow—keepcome—behereleave/go—beawaybegin/start—beondie—bedeadjoin—bein如：Ihavekept(borrow)thebookfortwoweeks.Shehashad(buy)thisbikeforayear.Theoldmanhasbeendead(die)sincelastyear.Theyhavebeenaway(leave)fortwohours.2.句型结构⑴肯定句：主语+have/has+动词过去分词+其他。(主语是第三人称单数时用has，其他人称用have)。如：Ihavedonemyhomeworksince6:00.Theyhavefoundthelostboy.ShehasgonetoBeijingsinceshewas16yearsold.⑵否定句：主语+have/has+not+动词过去分词+其他。如：Theyhaveworkedfor20hours.→Theyhaven’twordedfor20hours.Hehashadhisbreakfast.→Hehasn’thadhisbreakfast.⑶一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词+其他？如：ShehasbeentoBeijing.→HasshebeentoBeijing?Yes,shehas./No,shehasn’t.TheyhavealreadylearnedthreeEnglishsongs.→HavetheylearnedthreeEnglishsongsyet?Yes,theyhave./No,theyhaven’t.⑷特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句？如:Howmanywordshashelearnedyet?Howlonghaweyoulivedhere?注：have/hasbeento表示“去过某地”（已回来）.瞬间动词形式have/hasgoneto表示“去某地了”（还未回来）人不在说话处，主语常用第三人称。Have/hasbeenin表示“已经。。。。。。”（持续的）.持续性动词形式3.过去分词变化规则⑴规则动词过去分词同过去式。⑵不规则动词需要记忆。①AAA型1)cost—cost—cost2)cut—cut—cut3)hit—hit—hit4)hurt—hurt—hurt5)let—let—let6)put—put—put7)read—read—read8)set—set—set9)shut—shut—shut②AAB型1)beat—beat—beaten③ABA型1)become—became—become2)come—came—come3)run—ran—run④ABB型1)bring—brought—brought2)buy—bought—bought3)think—thought—thought4)catch—caught—caught5)teach—taught—taught6)build—built—built7)lend—lent—lent8)send—sent—sent9)spend—spent—spent10)lose—lost—lost11)smell—smelt—smelt12)burn—burnt—burnt13)feel—felt—felt14)learn—learnt—learnt15)hear—heard—heard16)mean—meant—meant17)keep—kept—kept18)sleep—slept—slept19)sweep—swept—swept20)tell—told—told21)stand—stood—stood22)understand—understood—understood23)say—said—said24)pay—paid—paid25)meet—met—met26)leave—left—left27)hold—held—held28)dig—dug—dug29)find—found—found30)get—got—got31)hang—hung—hung32)have—had—had33)make—made—made34)shine—shone—shone35)sit—sat—sat36)win—won—won⑤ABC型1)blow—blew—blown2)draw—drew—drawn3)fly—flew—flown4)grow—grew—grown5)throw—threw—thrown6)know—knew—known7)choose—chose—chosen8)eat—ate—eaten9)fall—fell—fallen10)ride—rode—ridden11)rise—rose—risen12)hide—hid—hidden13)see—saw—seen14)shake—shook—shaken15)take—took—taken16)mistake—mistook—mistaken17)wake—woke—waken18)write—wrote—written19)be—was/were—been20)do—did—done21)break—broke—broken22)forget—forgot—forgotten23)give—gave—given24)freeze—froze—frozen25)begin—began—begun26)ring—rang—rung27)drink—drank—drunk28)go—went—gone29)lie—lay—lain30)sing—sang—sung31)swim—swam—swum32)wear—wore—worn33)show—showed—shown34)sink—sank—sunk练习：A．用所给词的适当形式填空。We______already______(clean)theclassroom.Haveyou_____(get)abike?Yes,I_____.Haveyou______(write)alettertoTom?No,I_______.She__________(notsee)thefilmbefore.LiLei____just____(eat)fishandchips.I_____________(notdo)myhomeworkyet.TomandJim_________(be)totheGreatWallbefore.Mymother_________(buy)anewcarforaweek.A:HasshebeentoBeijing?B:Yes,she____.A:When____she____(go)there?B:Lastmonth._____you______(finish)yourwork?No,notyet.B.用for和since填空Wehavelearnedfivehundredwords______thebeginningofthisterm.MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital______aweek.Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s_____lastweek.HehaslivedinNanjing______twentyyears.I’vknownhim______Iwasachild.OurteacherhasstudiedJapanese_____threeyears.Shehasbeenawayfromthecity____abouttwoyears.It’sabouttenyears_____sheleftthecity.C．选择填空。1.—WhereisLiLei?—He___Shanghai.A.hasgonetoB.hasbeentoC.wenttoD.goesto_______you_______tothecapital?No,I______.I______thereearlynextmonth.Have,been,haven’t,amgoingB.Had,been,hadn’t,amgoingC.Have,gone,haven’t,wasgoingD.Did,go,didn’t,wasgoing--______you______England?Yes,it_____abeautifulcountry.Will,goneto,wasB.Have,beento,isC.had,beento,isD.Have,goneto,is4.Mary________toseethefilmsbecauseshe__________ittwice.A.won’tgo,sawB.won’tgo,willseeC.won’tgo,hasseenD.didn’tgo,seesHisfather_______foryears.hasdiedB.hasbeendeadC.diedD.diesMrs.WanghaslivedinHaikou_________1992.sinceB.fromC.after