2014年12月大学英语六级考试真题(第3套)

听力音频下载请打开喜马拉雅搜索主播：跟着冬哥去考研2014年12月英语六级考试真题试卷附答案(第3套)PartIWriting(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedonthepicturebelow.Youshouldstartyouressaywithabriefdescriptionofthepictureandthendiscusswhetherthereisashortcuttolearning.Youshouldgivesoundargumentstosupportyourviewsandwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.1.A)Theman'stennisracketisgoodenough.B)Themanshouldgetapairofnewshoes.C)Shecanwaitforthemanforalittlewhile.D)Physicalexercisehelpsherstayinshape.2.A)ThewomanwillskipDr.Smith'slecturetohelptheman.B)KathyisverypleasedtoattendthelecturebyDr.Smith.C)Thewomanisgoodatdoinglabdemonstrations.D)Themanwilldoallhecandoassistthewoman.3.A)Thewomanaskedthemantoaccompanyhertotheparty.B)Stevebecamerichsoonaftergraduationfromcollege.C)Steveinvitedhisclassmatestovisithisbigcottage.D)ThespeakersandSteveusedtobeclassmates.4.A)Inabus.B)Inaclinic.C)Inaboat.D)Inaplane.5.A)10:10.B)9:50.C)9:40.D)9:10.6.A)ShedoesnotlikeJohnatall.B)Johnhasgotmanyadmirers.C)ShedoesnotthinkJohnishandsome.D)Johnhasjustgotabachelor'sdegree.7.A)Hehasbeenbumpingalongforhours.B)Hehasgotasharppainintheneck.C)Heisinvolvedinaseriousaccident.D)Heistrappedinaterribletrafficjam.8.A)Sheisgoodatrepairingthings.B)Sheisaprofessionalmechanic.C)Sheshouldimproveherphysicalcondition.D)Shecannotgowithoutawashingmachine.Questions9to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.9.A)Somewitnessesfailedtoappearincourt.B)Thecasecauseddebateamongthepublic.C)Theaccusedwasfoundguiltyofstealing.D)Theaccusedrefusedtopleadguiltyincourt.10.A)Hewasoutofhismind.听力音频下载请打开喜马拉雅搜索主播：跟着冬哥去考研B)Hewasunemployed.C)Hiswifedesertedhim.D)Hischildrenweresick.11.A)Hehadbeeninjailbefore.B)Hewasunworthyofsympathy.C)Hewasunlikelytogetemployed.D)Hehadcommittedthesamesortofcrime.Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.12.A)Irresponsible.B)Unsatisfactory.C)Aggressive.D)Conservative.13.A)Internalcommunication.B)Distributionofbrochures.C)Publicrelations.D)Productdesign.14.A)Placingadvertisementsinthetradepress.B)Drawingsketchesforadvertisements.C)Advertisinginthenationalpress.D)Makingtelevisioncommercials.15.A)Shehasthemotivationtodothejob.B)Sheisnotsoeasytogetalongwith.C)Sheknowsthetricksofadvertising.D)Sheisnotsuitablefortheposition.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。PassageOneQuestions16to18arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.16.A)Thecozycommunallife.B)Innovativeacademicprograms.C)Theculturaldiversity.D)Impressiveschoolbuildings.17.A)Itisverybeneficialtotheiracademicprogress.B)Ithelpsthemsoakupthesurroundingculture.C)Itisasimportantastheirlearningexperience.D)Itensurestheirphysicalandmentalhealth.18.A)Itoffersthemostchallengingacademicprograms.B)Ithastheworld'sbest-knownmilitaryacademies.C)Itprovidesnumerousoptionsforstudents.D)Itdrawsfacultyfromallaroundtheworld.PassageTwoQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theytrytogivestudentsopportunitiesforexperimentation.B)TheyareresponsiblemerelytotheirMinistryofEducation.C)Theystrivetodevelopeverystudent'sacademicpotential.听力音频下载请打开喜马拉雅搜索主播：跟着冬哥去考研D)Theyensurethatallstudentsgetroughlyequalattention.20.A)ItwillarriveatBoulogneathalfpasttwo.B)ItcrossestheEnglishChanneltwiceaday.C)ItisnowabouthalfwaytotheFrenchcoast.D)ItisleavingFolkestoneinaboutfiveminutes21.A)Oppositetheship'soffice.B)AttherearofBdeck.C)Nexttotheduty-freeshop.D)InthefrontofAdeck.PassageThreeQuestions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.A)Itisthesoleuseofpassengerstravellingwithcars.B)ItismuchmorespaciousthantheloungeonCdeck.C)Itisfortheuseofpassengerstravellingwithchildren.D)ItisforseniorpassengersandpeoplewithVIPcards.23.A)Itwasnamedafteritslocation.B)Itwasnamedafteracaveartexpert.C)Itwasnamedafteritsdiscoverer.D)Itwasnamedafteroneofitspainters.24.A)Animalpaintingwaspartofthespirituallifeofthetime.B)DeerwereworshipedbytheancientCro-Magnonpeople.C)Cro-Magnonpeoplepaintedanimalstheyhuntedandate.D)Theywerebelievedtokeepevilsawayfromcavedwellers.25.A)Theyknowlittleaboutwhythepaintingswerecreated.B)Theyhavedifficultytellingwhenthepaintingsweredone.C)Theyareunabletodrawsuchinterestingandfinepaintings.D)Theyhavemisinterpretedthemeaningofthecavepaints.SectionCDirection:Inthesection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblankswiththeexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。Ifyouareattendingalocalcollege,especiallyonewithoutresidencehalls,you'llprobablyliveathomeandcommutetoclasses.Thisarrangementhasalotof__26__.It'scheaper.Itprovidesacomfortableandfamiliarsetting,anditmeansyou'llgetthekindofhomecookingyou'reusedtoinsteadofthemonotony(单调)that__27__eventhebestinstitutionalfood.However,commutingstudentsneedto__28__tobecomeinvolvedinthelifeoftheircollegeandtotakespecialstepstomeettheirfellowstudents.Often,thismeansacertainamountofinitiativeonyourpartin__29__andtalkingtopeopleinyourclasseswhomyouthinkyoumightlike.Oneproblemthatcommutingstudentssometimesfaceistheirparents'unwillingnesstorecognizethatthey'readults.The__30__fromhighschooltocollegeisabigone,andifyouliveathomeyouneedtodevelopthesamekindofindependenceyou'dhaveifyouwerelivingaway.Homerulesthatmighthavebeen__31__whenyouwereinhighschooldon'tapply.Ifyourparentsare__32__torenegotiate,youcanspeedtheprocessalongbylettingyourbehaviorshowthatyouhavetheresponsibilitythatgoeswithmaturity.Parentsaremorewillingto__33__theirchildrenasadultswhentheybehavelikeadults.听力音频下载请打开喜马拉雅搜索主播：跟着冬哥去考研If,however,there'ssomuchfrictionathomethatit__34__youracademicwork,youmightwanttoconsidersharinganapartmentwithoneormorefriends.Sometimesthisisahappysolutionwhenfamily__35__makeeveryonemiserable.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions36to45arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Itwas10yearsago,onawarmJulynight,thatanewbornlambwithtookherfirstbreathinasmallshedinScotland.Fromtheoutside,shelookednodifferentfromthousandsofothersheepbornon__36__farms.ButDolly,astheworldsooncametorealize,wasno__37__lamb.Shewasclonedfromasinglecellofanadultfemalesheep,__38__long-heldscientificdogmathathaddeclaredsuchathingbiologicallyimpossible.Adecadelater,scientistsarestartingtocometogripswithjusthowdifferentDollywas.Dozensofanimalshavebeenclonedsincethatfirstlittlelamb—mice,cats,cowsand,mostrecently,adog—andit'sbecoming__39__clearthattheyareall,inonewayoranother,defective.It's__40__tothinkofclonesasperfectcarboncopiesoftheoriginal.Itturnsout,though,thattherearevariousdegreesofgenetic__41__.Thatmaycomeasashocktopeoplewhohavepaidthousandsofdollarstocloneapelcatonlytodiscoverthatthebabycatlooksandbehaves__42__liketheirbelovedpet—withadifferent-colorcoatoffur,perhaps,ora__43__differentattitudetowarditshumanhosts.Andthesearejusttheobviousdifferences.Notonlyareclones__44__fromtheoriginaltemplate(模板)bytime,buttheyarealsotheproductofanunnaturalmolecularmechanismthatturnsoutnottobeverygoodatmaking__45__copies.Infact,theprocesscanembedsmallflawsinthegenesofclonesthatscientistsarconlynowdiscovering.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。A)abstractB)completelyC)desertedD)duplicationE)everythingF)identicalG)increasinglyH)miniatureI)nothingJ)ordinaryK)overturningL)separatedM)surroundingN)systematicallyO)temptingSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.EachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphsIdentifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.听力音频下载请打开喜马拉雅搜索主播：跟着冬哥去考研ShouldSingle-SexEducationBeEliminated?[A]Whyisaneuroscientistheredebatingsingle-sexschooling?Honestly,Ihadnofixedideasonthetopicwhen1startedresearchingitformybook,PinkBrain,BlueBrain.Butanydiscussionofgenderdifferencesinchildreninevitablyleadstothisdebate,soIfeltcompelledtodiveintotheresearchdataonsingle-sexschooling.IreadeverystudyIcould,weighedtheexistingevidence,andultimatelyconcludedthatsingle-sexeducationisnottheanswertogendergapsinachievement—orthebestwayforwardfortoday'syoungpeople.Aftermybookwaspublished,Imetseveraldevelopmentalandcognitivepsychologistswhoseworkwasaddressinggenderandeducationfromdifferentangles,andwepublishedapeer-reviewedEducationForumpieceinSciencemagazinewiththeprovocativetitle,"ThePseudoscienceofSingle-SexEducation."[B]Weshowedthatthreelinesofresearchusedtojustifysingle-sexschooling—educational,neuroscience,andsocialpsychology—allfailtosupportitspurportedbenefits,andsothewidely-heldviewthatgenderseparationissomehowbetterforboys,girls,orbothisnothingmorethanamyth.TheResearchonAcademicOutcomes[C]First,wereviewedtheextensiveeducationalresearchthathascomparedacademicoutcomesinstudentsattendingsingle-sexversuscoeducationalschools.Theoverwhelmingconclusionwhenyouputthisenormousliteraturetogetheristhatthereisnoclearacademicadvantageofsittinginall-femaleorall-maleclasses,inspiteofmuchpopularbelieftothecontrary.Ibasethisconclusionnotonanyindividualstudy,butonlarge-scaleandsystematicreviewsofthousandsofstudiesconductedineverymajorEnglish-speakingcountry.[D]Ofcourse,therearemanyexcellentsingle-sexschoolsoutthere,butasthesecarefulresearchreviewshavedemonstrated,itisnottheirsingle-sexcompositionthatmakesthemexcellent.Itisalltheotheradvantagesthataretypicallypackedintosuchschools,suchasfinancialresources,qualityofthefaculty,andpro-academicculture,alongwiththefamilybackgroundandpre-selectedabilityofthestudentsthemselvesthatdeterminetheiroutcomes.[E]AcaseinpointisthestudybyLindaSaxatUCLA,whouseddatafromalargenationalsurveyofcollegefreshmentoevaluatetheeffectofsingle-sexversuscoeducationalhighschools.CommissionedbytheNationalCoalitionofGirls'Schools,therawfindingslookprettygoodfortheflinders—higherSATscoresandastrongeracademicorientationamongwomenwhohadattendedallgirls'highschools(menweren'tstudied).However,oncetheresearcherscontrolledforbothstudentandschoolattributes—measuressuchasfamilyincome,parents'education,andschoolresources—mostoftheseeffectswereerasedordiminished.[F]Whenitcomestoboysinparticular,thedatashowthatsingle-sexeducationisdistinctlyunhelpfulforthem.Amongtheminorityofstudiesthathavereportedadvantagesofsingle-sexschooling,virtuallyallofthemwerestudiesofgirls.There'renorigorousstudiesintheUnitedStatesthatfindsingle-sexschoolingisbetterforboys,andinfact,aseparatelineofresearchbyeconomistshasshownthatbothboysandgirlsexhibitgreatercognitivegrowthovertheschoolyearbasedonthe"dose"ofgirlsinaclassroom.Infact,boysbenefitevenmorethangirlsfromhavinglargernumbersoffemaleclassmates.Sosingle-sexschoolingisreallynottheanswertothecurrent"boycrisis"ineducation.BrainandCognitiveDevelopment[G]Thesecondlineofresearchoftenusedtojustifysingle-sexeducationfallssquarelywithinmyareaofexpertise:brainandcognitivedevelopment.It'sbeenmorethanadecadenowsincethe"brainsexmovement"beganinfiltratingA)ourschools,andthereareliterallyhundredsofschoolscaughtupinthefadPublicschoolsinWisconsin,Indiana,Floridaandmanyotherstatesnowproudlydeclareontheirwebsitesthattheyseparateboysandgirlsbecause"researchsolidlyindicatesthatboysandgirlslearndifferently,"dueto"hard-wired"differencesintheirbrains,eyes,听力音频下载请打开喜马拉雅搜索主播：跟着冬哥去考研ears,autonomicnervoussystems,andmore.[H]Allofthesestatementscanbetracedtojustafewwould-beneuroscientists,especiallyphysicianLeonardSaxandtherapistMichaelGurian.Eachgiveslectures,runsconferences,anddoesalotofprofessionaldevelopmentonso-called"gender-specificlearning."Ianalyzedtheirvariousclaimsabouthearing,vision,language,math,stressresponses,and"learningstyles"inmybookandalongpeer-reviewedpaper.Otherneuroscientistsandpsychologistshavesimilarlyexposedtheirwork.Inshort,themechanismsbywhichourbrainslearnlanguage,math,physics,andeveryothersubjectdon'tdifferbetweenboysandgirls.Ofcourse,learningdoesvaryalotbetweenindividualstudents,butresearchreliablyshowsthatthisvarianceisfargreaterwithinpopulationsofboysorgirlsthanbetweenthetwosexes.[I]TheequalprotectionclauseoftheU.S.Constitutionprohibitsseparationofstudentsbysexinpubliceducationthat'sbasedonpreciselythiskindof"overbroadgeneralizationsaboutthedifferenttalents,capacities,orpreferencesofmalesandfemales."Andthereasonitisprohibitedisbecauseitleadsfartooeasilytostereotypingandsexdiscrimination.SocialDevelopmentalPsychology[J]Whichbringsmetothethirdareaofresearchthatfailstosupportsingle-sexschoolingandindeedsuggeststhepracticeisactuallyharmful:social-developmentalpsychology.[K]Itisawell-provenfindinginsocialpsychologythatsegregationpromotesstereotypingandprejudice,whereasintergroupcontactreducesthem—andtheresultsarethesamewhetheryoudividegroupsbyrace,age,gender,bodymassindex,sexualorientation,oranyothercategory.What'smore,childrenareespeciallyvulnerabletothiskindofbias,becausetheyaredependentonadultsforlearningwhichsocialcategoriesareimportantandwhywedividepeopleintodifferentgroups.[L]Youdon'thavetolookfartofindevidenceofstereotypingandsexdiscriminationinsingle-sexschools.Therewasthefailedsingle-sexexperimentinCalifornia,wheresixschooldistrictsusedgenerousstategrantstosetupseparateboys'andgirls'academiesinthelate1990s.Onceboysandgirlsweresegregated,teachersresortedtotraditionalgenderstereotypestoruntheirclasses,andwithinjustthreeyears,fiveofthesixdistrictshadgonebacktocoeducation.[M]Atthesametime,researchersareincreasinglydiscoveringbenefitsofgenderinteractioninyouth.AlargeBritishstudyfoundthatchildrenwithother-sexoldersiblings(兄弟姐妹)exhibitlessstereotypicalplaythanchildrenwithsame-sexoldersiblings,suchasgirlswholikesportsandbuildingtoysandboyswholikeartanddramaticplay.Anotherstudyofhighschoolsocialnetworksfoundlessbullyingandaggressionthehigherthedensityofmixed-sexfriendshipswithinagivenadolescentnetwork.ThenthereisthefindingwecitedinourSciencepaperofhigherdivorceanddepressionratesamongalargegroupofBritishmenwhoattendedsingle-sexschoolsasteenagers,whichmightbeexplainedbythelackofopportunitytolearnaboutrelationshipsduring.[N]Whetherinnurseryschool,highschool,orthebusinessworld,gendersegregationnarrowsourperceptionsofeachother,facilitatingstereotypingandsexistattitudes.It'sverysimple:themorewestructurechildrenandadolescents'environmentaroundgenderdistinctionsandseparation,themoretheywillusethesecategoriesastheprimarybasisforunderstandingthemselvesandothers.[O]Genderisanimportantissueineducation.Therearegapsinreading,writing,andscienceachievementthatshouldbenarrower.Therearegapsincareerchoicethatshouldbenarrower—ifwereallywanttomaximizehumanpotentialandAmericaneconomicgrowth.Butstereotypingboysandgirlsandseparatingtheminthenameoffictitious(虚构的)braindifferencesisnevergoingtoclosethesegaps.46.Hundredsofschoolsseparateboysfromgirlsinclassontheallegedbrainandcognitive听力音频下载请打开喜马拉雅搜索主播：跟着冬哥去考研differences.47.Areviewofextensiveeducationalresearchshowsnoobviousacademicadvantageofsingle-sexschooling.48.Theauthordidnothaveanyfixedideasonsingle-sexeducationwhenshebeganherresearchonthesubject.49.Researchfoundmenwhoattendedsingle-sexschoolsintheirteensweremorelikelytosufferfromdepression.50.Studiedinsocialpsychologyhaveshownsegregationinschooleducationhasanegativeimpactonchildren.51.Reviewsofresearchindicatetherearemoredifferencesinbrainandcognitivedevelopmentwithinthesamesexthanbetweendifferentsexes.52.Thefindingsofthenationalsurveyofcollegefreshmenabouttheimpactofsingle-sexschoolingfailtotakeintoaccountstudentandschoolattributes.53.Itwasn'tlongbeforemostoftheschooldistrictsthatexperimentedwithsingle-sexeducationabandonedthepractice.54.Boysfromcoeducationalclassesdemonstrategreatercognitiveabilitiesaccordingtotheeconomists'research.55.Ascarefulresearchreviewsshow,academicexcellenceinsomesingle-sexschoolsisattributedtootherfactorsthansingle-sexeducation.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions56to60arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Internationalgovernments,inactionconcerningsustainabledevelopmentisclearlyworryingbuttheproactive(主动出击的)approachesofsomeleading-edgecompaniesareencouraging.Toyota,Wal-Mart,DuPont,M&SandGeneralElectrichavemadetacklingenvironmentalwastesakeyeconomicdriver.DuPontcommitteditselftoa65%reductioningreenhousegasemissionsinthe10yearspriorto2010.By2007,DuPontwassaving$2.2billionayearthroughenergyefficiency,thesameasitstotaldeclaredprofitsthatyear.GeneralElectricaimstoreducetheenergyintensityofitsoperationby50%by2015.Theyhaveinvestedheavilyinprojectsdesignedtochangethewayofusingandconservingenergy.CompanieslikeToyotaandWal-Martarcnotcommittingtoenvironmentalgoalsoutofthegoodnessoftheirhearts.Thereasonfortheiractionsisasimpleyetpowerfulrealisationthattheenvironmentalandeconomicfootprintsfitwelltogether.WhenM&Slaunchedits"PlanA"sustainabilityprogrammein2007,itwasbelievedthatitwouldcostov￡200millioninthefirstfiveyears.However,theinitiativehadgenerated￡105millionby2011/12.Whenwepreventphysicalwaste,increaseenergyefficiencyorimproveresourceproductivity,wesavemoney,improveprofitabilityandenhancecompetitiveness.Infact,thereareoftenhuge"quickwin"opportunities,thankstoyearsofneglect.However,thereisaconsiderablegapbetweenleading-edgecompaniesandtherestofthepack.Therearefartoomanycompaniesstilldelayingcreatingaleanandgreenbusinesssystem,arguingthatiswillcostmoneyorrequiresizablecapitalinvestments.Theyremainstuckinthe听力音频下载请打开喜马拉雅搜索主播：跟着冬哥去考研"environmentiscost"mentality.Beingenvironmentallyfriendlydoesnothavetocostmoney.Infact,goingbeyondcompliancesavescostatthesametimethatitgeneratescash,providedthatmanagementadoptsthenewleanandgreenmodel.Leanmeansdoingmorewithless.Nonetheless,inmostcompanies,economicandenviron-mentalcontinuousimprovementisviewedasbeinginconflictwitheachother.Thisisoneofthebiggestopportunitiesmissedacrossmostindustries.Thesizeoftheopportunityisenormous.The3%ReportrecentlypublishedbyWorldWildlifeFundandCDPshowsthattheeconomicprizeforcurbingcarbonemissionsintheUSeconomyis$780billionbetweennowand2020,Itsuggeststhatoneofthebiggestleversfordeliveringthisopportunityis"increasedefficiencythroughmanagementandbehaviouralchange"—inotherwords,leanandgreenmanagement.Some50studiesshowthatcompaniesthatcommittosuchaspirationalgoalsaszerowaste,zeroharmfulemissions,andzerouseofnoon-renewableresourcesarefinanciallyoutperformingtheircompetitors.Conversely,itwasfoundthatclimatedisruptionisalreadycostingSI.2trillionannually,cuttingglobalGDPby1.6%.Unaddressed,thiswilldoubleby2030.56.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsomeleading-edgecompanies?A)Theyoperateinaccordancewithgovernmentpolicies.B)Theytakeinitiativesinhandlingenvironmentalwastes.C)Theyarekeydriversintheirnations'economicgrowth.D)Theyaremajorcontributorstoenvironmentalproblems.57.WhatmotivatesToyotaandWal-Marttomakecommitmentstoenvironmentalprotection?A)Thegoodnessoftheirhearts.B)Astrongsenseofresponsibility.C)Thedesiretogenerateprofits.D)Pressurefromenvironmentalists.58.Whyaresomanycompaniesreluctanttocreateanenvironment-friendlybusinesssystem?A)Theyarebentonmakingquickmoney.B)Theydonothavethecapitalfortheinvestment.C)Theybelievebuildingsuchasystemistoocostly.D)Theylacktheincentivetochangebusinesspractices.59.Whatissaidabouttheleanandgreenmodelofbusiness?A)Ithelpsbusinessestosaveandgainatthesametime.B)Itisaffordableonlyforafewleading-edgecompanies.C)Itislikelytostartanewroundofintensecompetition.D)Itwilltakealongtimeforallcompaniestoembraceit.60.Whatisthefindingofthestudiesaboutcompaniescommittedtoenvironmentalgoals?A)Theyhavegreatlyenhancedtheirsenseofsocialresponsibility.B)Theydomuchbetterthantheircounterpartsintermsofrevenues.C)Theyhaveabandonedalltheoutdatedequipmentandtechnology.D)Theymakegreatercontributionstohumanprogressthantheirrivals.PassageTwoQuestions61to65arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Ifyouaskedmetodescribetherisingphilosophyoftheday,I'dsayitisdata-ism.Wenowhavetheabilitytogatherhugeamountsofdata.Thisabilityseemstocarrywithitcertainculturalassumptions—thateverythingthatcanbemeasuredshouldbemeasured;thatdataisatransparentandreliablelensthatallowsustofilteroutemotionalismandideology;thatdatawillhelpusdoremarkablethings—likeforetellthefuture.Overthenextyear,I'mhopingtogetabettergripon听力音频下载请打开喜马拉雅搜索主播：跟着冬哥去考研someofthequestionsraisedbythedatarevolution:Inwhatsituationsshouldwerelyonintuitivepatternrecognitionandinwhichsituationsshouldweignoreintuitionandfollowthedata?Whatkindsofeventsarepredictableusingstatisticalanalysisandwhatsortsofeventsarenot?IconfessIenterthisinaskepticalframeofmind,believingthatwetendtogetcarriedawayinourdesiretoreduceeverythingtothequantifiable.Butattheoutsetletmecelebratetwothingsdatadoesreallywell.First,it'sreallygoodatexposingwhenourintuitiveviewofrealityiswrong.Forexample,nearlyeverypersonwhorunsforpoliticalofficehasanintuitivesensethattheycanpowerfullyinfluencetheiroddsofwinningtheelectioniftheycanjustraiseandspendmoremoney.Butthisislargelywrong.Afterthe2006election,SeanTrendeconstructedagraphcomparingtheincumbent(在任者的)campaignspen