教案地理专业外语

Unit1TheEarthandtheUniverse教研室：地理科学教师姓名：伍铁牛课程名称地理专业外语授课专业及班次2010级地理科学授课内容TheEarthandtheUniverse授课方式及学时讲授、2学时目的要求1.Vocabulary：Jupiter，Saturn，Uranus，Neptune，Pluto，comet，asteroid，meteoroid,electromagnetic,dwarfstar,ProximaCentauri,2.Sentences：①SolarsystemconsistsofanaveragestarwecalltheSun,theplanetsMercury,Mercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,UranusandNeptune.②TheSunistherichestsourceofelectromagneticenergy(mostlyintheformofheatandlight)inthesolarsystem.重点与难点教学重点：1.OraldepictingthedifferencebetweenterrestrialplanetsandJovianplanets.2.Talkingaboutthereasonwhypeopleareinterestedinthemoonexploring.教学难点：1.Usingoflotsofnewspecializedwords.2.Oralcommunicationabouttheorbitsandperiodicalsofplanetsinsolarsystem.讲授内容及时间分配课文讲解：1学时；词汇和习题：1学时。教具课程使用讲授的方式授课，教学中采用启发式教学，课堂教学与实验教学相结合。参考资料余中元.地理专业英语.成都：西南交通大学出版社，2008.教学内容纲要TheSolarSystemOursolarsystemconsistsofanaveragestarwecalltheSun,theplanetsMercury,Venus,Earth,Mars,Jupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptune.Itincludes:thesatellitesoftheplanets;numerouscomets,asteroids,andmeteoroids;andtheinterplanetarymedium.TheSunistherichestsourceofelectromagneticenergy(mostlyintheformofheatandlight)inthesolarsystem.TheSun'snearestknownstellarneighborisareddwarfstarcalledProximaCentauri,atadistanceof4.3lightyearsaway.Thewholesolarsystem,togetherwiththelocalstarsvisibleonaclearnight,orbitsthecenterofourhomegalaxy,aspiraldiskof200billionstarswecalltheMilkyWay.TheMilkyWayhastwosmallgalaxiesorbitingitnearby,whicharevisiblefromthesouthernhemisphere.TheyarecalledtheLargeMagellanicCloudandtheSmallMagellanicCloud.ThenearestlargegalaxyistheAndromedaGalaxy.ItisaspiralgalaxyliketheMilkyWaybutis4timesasmassiveandis2millionlightyearsaway.Ourgalaxy,oneofbillionsofgalaxiesknown,istravelingthroughintergalacticspace.Theplanets,mostofthesatellitesoftheplanetsandtheasteroidsrevolvearoundtheSuninthesamedirection,innearlycircularorbits.WhenlookingdownfromabovetheSun'snorthpole,theplanetsorbitinacounter-clockwisedirection.TheplanetsorbittheSuninornearthesameplane,calledtheecliptic.Plutoisaspecialcaseinthatitsorbitisthemosthighlyinclined(18degrees)andthemosthighlyellipticalofalltheplanets.Becauseofthis,forpartofitsorbit,PlutoisclosertotheSunthanisNeptune.Theaxisofrotationformostoftheplanetsisnearlyperpendiculartotheecliptic.TheexceptionsareUranusandPluto,whicharetippedontheirsides.CompositionOfTheSolarSystemTheSuncontains99.85%ofallthematterintheSolarSystem.Theplanets,whichcondensedoutofthesamediskofmaterialthatformedtheSun,containonly0.135%ofthemassofthesolarsystem.Jupitercontainsmorethantwicethematterofalltheotherplanetscombined.Satellitesoftheplanets,comets,asteroids,meteoroids,andtheinterplanetarymediumconstitutetheremaining0.015%.ThefollowingtableisalistofthemassdistributionwithinourSolarSystem.Sun:99.85%Planets:0.135%Comets:0.01%Satellites:0.00005%MinorPlanets:0.0000002%Meteoroids:0.0000001%InterplanetaryMedium:0.0000001%TheTerrestrialPlanetsTheterrestrialplanetsarethefourinnermostplanetsinthesolarsystem,Mercury,Venus,EarthandMars.Theyarecalledterrestrialbecausetheyhaveacompact,rockysurfaceliketheEarth's.Theplanets,Venus,Earth,andMarshavesignificantatmosphereswhileMercuryhasalmostnone.ThefollowingdiagramshowstheapproximatedistanceoftheterrestrialplanetstotheSun.TheJovianPlanetsJupiter,Saturn,Uranus,andNeptuneareknownastheJovian(Jupiter-like)planets,becausetheyareallgiganticcomparedwithEarth,andtheyhaveagaseousnaturelikeJupiter's.TheJovianplanetsarealsoreferredtoasthegasgiants,althoughsomeorallofthemmighthavesmallsolidcores.ThefollowingdiagramshowstheapproximatedistanceoftheJovianplanetstotheSun.SunandPlanetSummaryThefollowingtablelistsstatisticalinformationfortheSunandplanets:Distance

(AU)Radius

(Earth's)Mass

(Earth's)Rotation

(Earth's)MoonsOrbital

InclinationOrbital

EccentricityObliquityDensity

(g/cm3)Sun0109332,80025-36*91.410Mercury0.390.380.0558.8070.20560.1°5.43Venus0.720.950.8924403.3940.0068177.4°5.25Earth1.01.001.001.0010.0000.016723.45°5.52Mars1.50.530.111.02921.8500.093425.19°3.95Jupiter5.2113180.411161.3080.04833.12°1.33Saturn9.59950.428182.4880.056026.73°0.69Uranus19.24170.748150.7740.046197.86°1.29Neptune30.14170.80281.7740.009729.56°1.64Pluto020.267117.150.2482119.6°2.03*TheSun'speriodofrotationatthesurfacevariesfromapproximately25daysattheequatorto36daysatthepoles.Deepdown,belowtheconvectivezone,everythingappearstorotatewithaperiodof27days.NewwordsJupitern.木星Saturnn.土星Uranusn.天王星Neptunen.海王星Pluton.冥王星cometn.彗星asteroidn.小行星meteoroidn.流星体interplanetarymediumn.行星际物质electromagneticadj.电磁的dwarfstarn.矮星ProximaCentaurin.半人马座的比邻星theLargeMagellanicCloudn.大麦哲伦星云TheAndromedaGalaxyn.仙女座星系intergalacticspacen.星系际空间eclipticn.黄道theJovianPlanetn.类木行星theTerrestrialPlanetn.类地行星MilkWayn.银河counter-clockwisen.逆时针lightyearn.光年innermostadj.最里面的

教学设计一、教学步骤：（1）总体介绍课程性质，总的要求；（2）概述本次课的主要内容提纲；（3）逐个教学要点讲解（4）综合本次内容，提出课后学习要求二、授课方法按照重点突出，详略得当，难点详细讲解的原则进行课堂时间分配，掌握太阳系主要成员的特征以及英语表达方式。教学方法以讲解和示例为主，联系实际应用，启发学生掌握基本概念。教学手段采用板书与讲授相结合的方式。在教学中注意到学习对象是高年级本科学生，在前三年的先行课程里已经系统学习了地理学的主干知识，因此需要在教学中充分挖掘学生的潜力，发挥学生学习的主观能动性，掌握地理专业外语的基本技能。邵阳学院城市建设系教案尾页思考题：TheexercisesinP7-P9，andReadingMaterial.I.Vocabulary:theAndromedaGalaxy,intergalacticspace,ecliptic,theJovianPlanet,MilkWay,counter-clockwise,lightyear,innermost;II.Comprehension:1.RetellthesolarsystemandevolutionstoryoftheEarth.2.KnowingwellthecompositionoftheUniverse.2、参考资料：余中元.地理专业英语.成都：西南交通大学出版社，2008.3、课后分析：Unit2TheMovementsoftheEarth教研室：地理科学教师姓名：伍铁牛课程名称地理专业外语授课专业及班次2010级地理科学授课内容TheMovementsoftheEarth授课方式及学时讲授、2学时目的要求1.Vocabulary：meansolarday,theNorthPole,earthrevolution,celestialmotion,perihelion,aphelion,tiltoftheEarth’sAxis,perpendicular,summersolstice,wintersolstice,theautumnalequinox,planeoftheecliptic;2.Sentences：①ThetermEarthrotationreferstothespinningoftheEarthonitsaxis.Onerotationtakesexactlytwenty-fourhoursandiscalledameansolarday.②ThiscircumstanceisresponsiblefortheannualchangesintheheightoftheSunabovethehorizon.重点与难点教学重点：1.DescribethemechanismoftherevolutionoftheEarth.2.Describethevariationofdaylengthandthedrivingfactors.教学难点：1.Howdepicttheseasonalchangeandtheearthrevolution.2.CalculatingtheheightangleoftheSuninlightofdifferentlatitudes.讲授内容及时间分配课文讲解：1学时；词汇和习题：1学时。教具课程使用讲授的方式授课，教学中采用启发式教学，课堂教学与实验教学相结合参考资料余中元.地理专业英语.成都：西南交通大学出版社，2008.教学内容纲要EarthRotationandRevolutionThetermEarthrotationreferstothespinningofourplanetonitsaxis.Becauseofrotation,theEarth'ssurfacemovesattheequatorataspeedofabout467mpersecondorslightlyover1675kmperhour.IfyoucouldlookdownattheEarth'sNorthPolefromspaceyouwouldnoticethatthedirectionofrotationiscounter-clockwise(Figure2-1).TheoppositeistrueiftheEarthisviewedfromtheSouthPole.Onerotationtakesexactlytwenty-fourhoursandiscalledameansolarday.TheEarth’srotationisresponsibleforthedailycyclesofdayandnight.Atanyonemomentintime,onehalfoftheEarthisinsunlight,whiletheotherhalfisindarkness.Theedgedividingthedaylightfromnightiscalledthecircleofillumination.TheEarth’srotationalsocreatestheapparentmovementoftheSunacrossthehorizon.Figure2-1:ThemovementoftheEarthaboutitsaxisisknownasrotation.Thedirectionofthismovementvarieswiththeviewer’sposition.FromtheNorthPoletherotationappearstomoveinacounter-clockwisefashion.LookingdownattheSouthPoletheEarth’srotationappearsclockwise.TheorbitoftheEartharoundtheSuniscalledanEarthrevolution.Thiscelestialmotiontakes365.26daystocompleteonecycle.Further,theEarth'sorbitaroundtheSunisnotcircular,butovalorelliptical(seeFigure2-2).AnellipticalorbitcausestheEarth'sdistancefromtheSuntovaryoverayear.Yet,thisphenomenonisnotresponsiblefortheEarth’sseasons!ThisvariationinthedistancefromtheSuncausestheamountofsolarradiationreceivedbytheEarthtoannuallyvarybyabout6%.Figure2-2illustratesthepositionsintheEarth’srevolutionwhereitisclosestandfarthestfromtheSun.OnJanuary3,perihelion,theEarthisclosesttotheSun(147.3millionkm).TheEarthisfarthestfromtheSunonJuly4,oraphelion(152.1millionkm).TheaveragedistanceoftheEarthfromtheSunoveraone-yearperiodisabout149.6millionkm.Figure2-2:Positionoftheequinoxes,solstices,aphelion,andperihelionrelativetotheEarth'sorbitaroundtheSun.TiltoftheEarth'sAxisTheeclipticplanecanbedefinedasatwo-dimensionalflatsurfacethatgeometricallyintersectstheEarth'sorbitalpatharoundtheSun.Onthisplane,theEarth'saxisisnotatrightanglestothissurface,butinclinedatanangleofabout23.5°fromtheperpendicular.Figure2-3showsasideviewoftheEarthinitsorbitabouttheSunonfourimportantdates:Junesolstice,Septemberequinox,Decembersolstice,andMarchequinox.NotethattheangleoftheEarth'saxisinrelationtotheeclipticplaneandtheNorthStaronthesefourdatesremainsunchanged.Yet,therelativepositionoftheEarth'saxistotheSundoeschangeduringthiscycle.ThiscircumstanceisresponsiblefortheannualchangesintheheightoftheSunabovethehorizon.Italsocausestheseasons,bycontrollingtheintensityanddurationofsunlightreceivedbylocationsontheEarth.Figure2-4showsanoverheadviewofthissamephenomenon.Inthisview,wecanseehowthecircleofilluminationchangesitspositionontheEarth’ssurface.Duringthetwoequinoxes,thecircleofilluminationcutsthroughtheNorthPoleandtheSouthPole.OntheJunesolstice,thecircleofilluminationistangenttotheArcticCircle(66.5°N)andtheregionabovethislatitudereceives24hoursofdaylight.TheArcticCircleisin24hoursofdarknessduringtheDecembersolstice.Figure2-3:TheEarth’srotationalaxisistilted23.5°fromtheredlinedrawnperpendiculartotheeclipticplane.ThistiltremainsthesameanywherealongtheEarth’sorbitaroundtheSun.SeasonsareappropriateonlyfortheNorthernHemisphere.Figure2-4:AnnualchangeinthepositionoftheEarthinitsrevolutionaroundtheSun.Inthisgraphic,weareviewingtheEarthfromapositioninspacethatisabovetheNorthPole(yellowdot)atthesummersolstice,thewintersolstice,andthetwoequinoxes.NotehowthepositionoftheNorthPoleontheEarth'ssurfacedoesnotchange.However,itspositionrelativetotheSundoeschangeandthisshiftisresponsiblefortheseasons.TheredcircleoneachoftheEarthsrepresentstheArcticCircle(66.5degreesN).DuringtheJunesolstice,theareaabovetheArcticCircleisexperiencing24hoursofdaylightbecausetheNorthPoleistilted23.5degreestowardtheSun.TheArcticCircleexperiences24hoursofnightwhentheNorthPoleistilted23.5degreesawayfromtheSunintheDecembersolstice.Duringthetwoequinoxes,thecircleofilluminationcutsthroughthepolaraxisandalllocationsontheEarthexperience12hoursofdayandnight.SeasonsareappropriateonlyfortheNorthernHemisphere.Figure2-5:DuringtheJunesolsticetheEarth'sNorthPoleistilted23.5degreestowardstheSunrelativetothecircleofillumination.Thisphenomenonkeepsallplacesabovealatitudeof66.5degreesNin24hoursofsunlight,whilelocationsbelowalatitudeof66.5degreesSareindarkness.TheNorthPoleistilted23.5degreesawayfromtheSunrelativetothecircleofilluminationduringtheDecembersolstice.Onthisdate,allplacesabovealatitudeof66.5degreesNarenowindarkness,whilelocationsbelowalatitudeof66.5degreesSreceive24hoursofdaylight.Figure2-6:Duringtheequinoxes,theaxisoftheEarthisnottiltedtowardorawayfromtheSunandthecircleofilluminationcutsthroughthepoles.Thissituationdoesnotsuggestthatthe23.5degreetiltoftheEarthnolongerexists.ThevantagepointofthisgraphicshowsthattheEarth'saxisisinclined23.5degreestowardtheviewerforbothdates(seeFigures2-3and2-4).TheredcirclesshowninthegraphicaretheArcticCircle.OnSeptember22or23,alsocalledtheautumnalequinoxintheNorthernHemisphere,neitherpoleistiltedtowardorawayfromtheSun(Figures2-3,2-4,2-6andseeanimation-Figure2-9).IntheNorthernHemisphere,March20or21marksthearrivalofthevernalequinoxorspringwhenonceagainthepolesarenottiltedtowardorawayfromtheSun.Daylengthsonbothofthesedays,regardlessoflatitude,areexactly12hours.NewwordsMeansolardayn.平太阳日Lookdownn.俯视TheNorthPolen.北极Earthrevolutionn.地球自转Celestialmotionn.天体运动Perihelionn.近日点Aphelionn.远日点Summersolsticen.夏至Wintersolsticen.冬至Theautumnalequinoxn.秋分Planeoftheeclipticn.黄道面

教学设计一、教学步骤：1、回顾上次课内容，课后习题疑难解答2、概述本次课的主要内容提纲3、逐个教学要点讲解4、综合本次内容，提出课后学习要求二、授课方法按照重点突出，详略得当，难点详细讲解的原则进行课堂时间分配，掌握地球运动的特征以及英语表达方式。教学方法以讲解和示例为主，联系实际应用，启发学生掌握基本概念。教学手段采用板书与讲授相结合的方式。在教学中注意到学习对象是高年级本科学生，在前三年的先行课程里已经系统学习了地理学的主干知识，因此需要在教学中充分挖掘学生的潜力，发挥学生学习的主观能动性，掌握地理专业外语的基本技能。邵阳学院城市建设系教案尾页思考题：TheexercisesinP21-P25，andReadingMaterial.I.Vocabulary:tiltoftheEarth’sAxis,perpendicular,summersolstice,wintersolstice,theautumnalequinox,planeoftheecliptic;II.Comprehension:1.RetellthesolarsystemandevolutionstoryoftheEarth.2.KnowingwellthecompositionoftheUniverse.2、参考资料：余中元.地理专业英语.成都：西南交通大学出版社，2008.3、课后分析：

Unit3TheStructureoftheEarth教研室：地理科学教师姓名：伍铁牛课程名称地理专业外语授课专业及班次2010级地理科学授课内容TheStructureoftheEarth授课方式及学时讲授、2学时目的要求1.Vocabulary：seismic,mantle,crust,basalt,granitic,oceaniccrust,peridotite,olivine,pyroxene,asthenosphere,lithosphere,mountainbuilding,2.Sentences：①Thecoreisalayerrichinironandnickelthatiscomposedoftwolayers:theinnerandoutercores.②Bothofthesecrusttypesarecomposedofnumeroustectonicplatesthatfloatontopofthemantle.Convectioncurrentswithinthemantlecausetheseplatestomoveslowlyacrosstheasthenosphere.重点与难点教学重点：1.GraspthestructureofthelithosphereoftheEarth.2.RetellthePlatetectonictheoryandfeaturesoftheoceancrustandcontinentalcrust.教学难点：1.Understandingoftheinfluencingfactorsofcontinentalbuildingandvolcanoes.2.Comparisonandanalysisofthecompositesofthemantleandcrust.讲授内容及时间分配课文讲解：1学时；词汇和习题：1学时。教具课程使用讲授的方式授课，教学中采用启发式教学，课堂教学与实验教学相结合。参考资料余中元.地理专业英语.成都：西南交通大学出版社，2008.教学内容纲要StructureoftheEarthTheEarthisanoblatespheroid.Itiscomposedofanumberofdifferentlayersasdeterminedbydeepdrillingandseismicevidence(Figure3-1).Theselayersare:Thecorewhichisapproximately7000kilometersindiameter(3500kilometersinradius)andislocatedattheEarth'scenter.

Figure3-1:LayersbeneaththeEarth'ssurface.Themantlewhichsurroundsthecoreandhasathicknessof2900kilometers.Thecrustfloatsontopofthemantle.Itiscomposedofbasaltrichoceaniccrustandgraniticrichcontinentalcrust.Thecoreisalayerrichinironandnickelthatiscomposedoftwolayers:theinnerandoutercores.Theinnercoreistheorizedtobesolidwithadensityofabout13gramspercubiccentimeterandaradiusofabout1220kilometers.Theoutercoreisliquidandhasadensityofabout11gramspercubiccentimeter.Itsurroundstheinnercoreandhasanaveragethicknessofabout2250kilometers.Themantleisalmost2900kilometersthickandcomprisesabout83%oftheEarth'svolume.Itiscomposedofseveraldifferentlayers.Theuppermantleexistsfromthebaseofthecrustdownwardtoadepthofabout670kilometers.ThisregionoftheEarth'sinterioristhoughttobecomposedofperidotite,anultramaficrockmadeupofthemineralsolivineandpyroxene.Thetoplayeroftheuppermantle,100to200kilometersbelowsurface,iscalledtheasthenosphere.Scientificstudiessuggestthatthislayerhasphysicalpropertiesthataredifferentfromtherestoftheuppermantle.Therocksinthisupperportionofthemantlearemorerigidandbrittlebecauseofcoolertemperaturesandlowerpressures.Belowtheuppermantleisthelowermantlethatextendsfrom670to2900kilometersbelowtheEarth'ssurface.Thislayerishotandplastic.Thehigherpressureinthislayercausestheformationofmineralsthataredifferentfromthoseoftheuppermantle.Thelithosphereisalayerthatincludesthecrustandtheuppermostportionofthemantle(Figure3-2).Thislayerisabout100kilometersthickandhastheabilitytoglideovertherestoftheuppermantle.Becauseofincreasingtemperatureandpressure,deeperportionsofthelithospherearecapableofplasticflowovergeologictime.Thelithosphereisalsothezoneofearthquakes,mountainbuilding,volcanoes,andcontinentaldrift.Thetopmostpartofthelithosphereconsistsofcrust.Thismaterialiscool,rigid,andbrittle.Twotypesofcrustcanbeidentified:oceaniccrustandcontinentalcrust(Figure3-2).Bothofthesetypesofcrustarelessdensethantherockfoundintheunderlyinguppermantlelayer.Oceancrustisthinandmeasuresbetween5to10kilometersthick.Itisalsocomposedofbasaltandhasadensityofabout3.0gramspercubiccentimeter.Figure3-2:StructureoftheEarth'scrustandtopmostlayeroftheuppermantle.Thelithosphereconsistsoftheoceaniccrust,continentalcrust,anduppermostmantle.Beneaththelithosphereistheasthenosphere.Thislayer,whichisalsopartoftheuppermantle,extendstoadepthofabout200kilometers.Sedimentarydepositsarecommonlyfoundattheboundariesbetweenthecontinentalandoceaniccrust.Thecontinentalcrustis20to70kilometersthickandcomposedmainlyoflightergranite(Figure3-2).Thedensityofcontinentalcrustisabout2.7gramspercubiccentimeter.ItisthinnestinareasliketheRiftValleysofEastAfricaandinanareaknownastheBasinandRangeProvinceinthewesternUnitedStates(centeredinNevadathisareaisabout1500kilometerswideandrunsabout4000kilometersNorth/South).Continentalcrustisthickestbeneathmountainrangesandextendsintothemantle.Bothofthesecrusttypesarecomposedofnumeroustectonicplatesthatfloatontopofthemantle.Convectioncurrentswithinthemantlecausetheseplatestomoveslowlyacrosstheasthenosphere.Figure3-3:TheadditionofglacialiceontheEarth'ssurfacecausesthecrusttodeformandsink(a).Whentheicemelts,isostaticreboundoccursandthecrustrisestoitsformerpositionbeforeglaciation(bandc).Asimilarprocessoccurswithmountainbuildingandmountainerosion.Oneinterestingpropertyofthecontinentalandoceaniccrustisthatthesetectonicplateshavetheabilitytoriseandsink.Thisphenomenon,knownasisostacy,occursbecausethecrustfloatsontopofthemantlelikeicecubesinwater.WhentheEarth'scrustgainsweightduetomountainbuildingorglaciation,itdeformsandsinksdeeperintothemantle(Figure3-3).Iftheweightisremoved,thecrustbecomesmorebuoyantandfloatshigherinthemantle.Thisprocessexplainsrecentchangesintheheightofsea-levelincoastalareasofeasternandnorthernCanadaandScandinavia.Somelocationsintheseregionsoftheworldhaveseensea-levelfallbyasmuchasonemeteroverthelastonehundredyears.Thisfalliscausedbyisostaticrebound.Bothoftheseareaswherecoveredbymassiveglacialicesheetsabout10,000yearsago.Theweightoftheicesheetspushedthecrustdeeperintothemantle.Nowthattheiceisgone,theseareasareslowlyincreasinginheighttosomenewequilibriumlevel.Newwordsseismicadj.地震的thecoren.地核themantlen.地幔thecrustn.地壳basaltn.玄武岩graniticadj.花岗岩的oceaniccrustn.洋壳peridotiten.橄榄岩olivinen.橄榄石pyroxenen.辉石asthenospheren.软流圈thelithospheren.岩石圈mountainbuildingn.造山运动continentaldriftn.大陆漂移theinnercoren.内核nickeln.镍densityn.密度riftyvalleyn.裂谷Nevadan.内华达州tectonicplaten.构造斑块convectionn.对流

教学设计一、教学步骤：1、回顾上次课内容，课后习题疑难解答2、概述本次课的主要内容提纲3、逐个教学要点讲解4、综合本次内容，提出课后学习要求二、授课方法按照重点突出，详略得当，难点详细讲解的原则进行课堂时间分配。教学方法以讲解、示例和问答为主，联系实际应用，启发学生掌握地球内部构造的基本知识及其英语表达方式。教学方法以讲解和示例为主，联系实际应用，启发学生掌握基本概念。教学手段采用板书与讲授相结合的方式。在教学中注意到学习对象是高年级本科学生，在前三年的先行课程里已经系统学习了地理学的主干知识，因此需要在教学中充分挖掘学生的潜力，发挥学生学习的主观能动性，掌握地理专业外语的基本技能。邵阳学院城市建设系教案尾页1、思考题：TheexercisesinP36-P38，andReadingMaterial.Comprehension:1.translatethe3rdparagraphatPage41.2.Describingthethreeepisodesontheborderofthetwoplate.2、参考资料：余中元.地理专业英语.成都：西南交通大学出版社，2008.3、课后分析：Unit4SoilsandPlants教研室：地理科学教师姓名：伍铁牛课程名称地理专业外语授课专业及班次2010级地理科学授课内容SoilsandPlants授课方式及学时讲授、2学时目的要求1.Vocabulary:pedogenesis,evapotranspiration,precipitation,organicmatter,decomposition,livingorganism,biogeochemical,litterfall,humus,residual,soiltexture,2.Sentences：①Thisideawasbasedontheobservationthatcomparablesoilsdevelopedinspatiallyseparateareaswhentheirclimateandvegetationweresimilar.②Surfacevegetationbindsthesoilssurfaceandreducesthespeedofmovingwindandwateracrossthegroundsurfaceprotectingtheupperlayersofasoilfromerosion.重点与难点教学重点：1.Understandthegenesiselementsofsoil.2.Principlepedogenicprocessesinspace.教学难点：1.seriesofchemicalprocessesinpedogenesis.2.Explainthespatialdistributionofsoilunderdifferentchemicalclimatecondition.讲授内容及时间分配课文讲解：1学时；词汇和习题：1学时。教具课程使用讲授的方式授课，教学中采用启发式教学，课堂教学与实验教学相结合。参考资料余中元.地理专业英语.成都：西南交通大学出版社，2008.教学内容纲要SoilPedogenesisPedogenesiscanbedefinedastheprocessofsoildevelopment.Lateinthe19thcentury,scientistsHilgardintheUnitedStatesandtheRussianDukuchaevbothsuggestedindependentlythatpedogenesiswasprincipallycontrolledbyclimateandvegetation.Thisideawasbasedontheobservationthatcomparablesoilsdevelopedinspatiallyseparateareaswhentheirclimateandvegetationweresimilar.Inthe1940s,HansJennyextendedtheseideasbasedontheobservationsofmanysubsequentstudiesexaminingtheprocessesinvolvedintheformationofsoils.Jennybelievedthatthekindsofsoilsthatdevelopinaparticularareaarelargelydeterminedbyfiveinterrelatedfactors:climate;livingorganisms;parentmaterial;topography;andtime(Figure4-1).Figure4-1:Thedevelopmentofasoilisinfluencedbyfiveinterrelatedfactors:organisms,topography,time,parentmaterial,andclimate.Climateplaysaveryimportantroleinthegenesisofasoil.Ontheglobalscale,thereisanobviouscorrelationbetweenmajorsoiltypesandtheKöppenclimaticclassificationsystemsmajorclimatictypes.Atregionalandlocalscales,climatebecomeslessimportantinsoilformation.Instead,pedogenesisismoreinfluencedbyfactorslikeparentmaterial,topography,vegetation,andtime.Thetwomostimportantclimaticvariablesinfluencingsoilformationaretemperatureandmoisture.Temperaturehasadirectinfluenceontheweatheringofbedrocktoproducemineralparticles.Ratesofbedrockweatheringgenerallyin