2023年GMAT考试阅读模拟训练题2

第页共页2023年GMAT考试阅读模拟训练题2023年GMAT考试阅读模拟训练题Biologistshaveadvancedtwotheoriestoexplainwhyschoolingoffishoccursinsomanyfishspecies.Becauseschoolingisparticularlywidespreadamongspeciesofsmallfish,boththeoriesassumethatschoolingofferstheadvantageofsomeprotectionfrompredators.ProponentsoftheoryAdisputetheassumptionthataschoolofthousandsoffishishighlyvisible.Experimentshaveshownthatanyfishcanbeseen,eveninveryclearwater,onlywithinasphereof200metersindiameter.Whenfishareinapactgroup,thesphereofvisibilityoverlap.Thus,thechanceofapredatorfindingtheschoolisonlyslightlygreaterthanthechanceofthepredatorfindingasinglefishswimmingalone.Schoolingisadvantageoustotheindividualfishbecauseapredator’schanceoffindinganyparticularfishswimmingintheschoolismuchsmallerthanitschanceoffindingatleastoneofthesamegroupoffishifthefishweredispersedthroughoutanarea.However,criticsoftheoryApointoutthatsomefishformschoolseveninareaswherepredatorsareabundantandthuslittlepossibilityfoexcapingdetectionexists.Theyarguethattheschoolcontinuestobeofvaluetoitsmembersevenafterdetection.TheyadvocatetheoryB,the“confusioneffect,”whichcanbeexplainedintwodifferentways.Sometimes,proponentsargue,predatorssimplycannotdecidewhichfishtoattack.Thisindecisionsupposedlyresultsfromapredator’spreferenceforstrikingpreythatisdistinctfromtherestoftheschoolinappearance.Inmanyschoolsthefisharealmostindenticalinappearance,makingitdifficultforapredatortoselectone.Thesecondexplanationforthe“confusioneffect”hastodowiththesensoryconfusioncausedbyalargenumberofpreymovingaroundthepredator.Evenifthepredatormakesthedecisiontoattackaparticularfish,themovementofotherpreyintheschoolcanbedistracting.Thepredator’sdifficultycanbeparedtothatofatennisplayertryingtohitatennisballwhentwoareapproachingsimultaneously.1.Accordingtothepassage,theoryBstatesthatwhichofthefollowingisafactorthatenablesaschoolingfishtoescapepredators?(B)Themovementofotherfishwithintheschool(C)Theinabilityofpredatorstodetectschools(D)Theabilityoffishtohidebehindoneanotherinaschool(E)Thegreatspeedwithwhichaschoolcandisperse2.Accordingtothepassage,boththeoryAandtheoryBhavebeendevelopedtoexplainhow(A)fishhidefrompredatorsbyformingschools(B)formingschoolsfunctionstoprotectfishfrompredators(C)schoolingamongfishdiffersfromotherprotectivebehaviors(D)smallfishareabletomakerapiddecisions(E)smallfishareabletosurviveinanenviro____entdenselypopulatedbylargepredators3.Accordingtooneexplanationofthe“confusioneffect”,afishthatswimsinaschoolwillhavegreateradvantagesforsurvivalifit(B)Bstaysneareitherthefrontortherearofaschool(C)Cispartofasmallschoolratherthanalargeschool(D)Disverysimilarinappearancetotheotherfishintheschool(E)Eismedium-sized4.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith(A)discussingdifferenttheories(B)analyzingdifferenttechniques(E)revealingnewevidence这是一篇典型的GMAT阅读多重解释型的文章。l第一段清楚地告诉读者文章接下来会对一些鱼群居地现象给出两种解释。l第二段中，解释A的支持者表达了他们的观点，提出鱼群居是为了减少个体被捕食者发现的时机。l第三段开头转折(However)之后，解释A被反驳，进而提出解释B，说群居的鱼被捕食者发现之后仍然能进步他们的存活率。l最后一段详细说了对解释B的两方面的详细解读。从整体框架上看，新文章和之前的解释型文章相比变化不大，而在详细内容上观点与论证之间的结合更加严密，文章的血肉更加充实，细节的出题点更多。本文延续GMAT阅读文章的一贯特点，在逻辑严密性上也有所进步。本文后面一共跟4道题，前3道均为直接细节题，最后1道为主旨题。第一题，问解释B说哪个因素会帮助鱼群摆脱捕食者，定位点很明确是“解释B”底下的细节，定位到最后一段。能答复以下问题的一共有两点，第一点在“Sometimes”到34行“toselectone”之间，说鱼数量多导致捕食者难以决定终究吃谁;第二点在“Thesecondexplanation”到文章结尾，说鱼群中大量鱼的运动会使捕食者分心而难以捕食成功。所以这两点因素(数量多和鱼群运动)都可以正确答复这个问题。A选项鱼群形成结实的整体，文章中从未提及，属于无中生有的内容;B选项说鱼群中鱼的运动，与原文中第二点相符;C选项说捕食者侦测不到鱼群，是文章中解释A里面的内容，张冠李戴;D选项说鱼躲在其他鱼的身后，又是文中没有提到的'内容;E选项说鱼群能高速分散，既是解释A里的【【关键词】：^p】：，由于A中原文事实相反，因此也不是正确选项因此，正确答案为B第二题，问解释A和B的共同目的。第二段是解释A，第四段是解释B，第三段是两者的区别，都不是定位点。只有第一段里有。第一段最后一句话说两者都认为鱼群对鱼的个体提供保护，躲避捕食。5个选项中只有B选项符合要求。A选项说藏起来不让捕食者看见，只有解释A有相关内容，解释B没有;B选项与原文之间就是原意改写的关系;C选项说鱼的群居与其他保护措施不一样，文中未提及;D选项说小鱼做决定快，亦属于无中生有的内容;E选项小鱼容易在捕食者密集的地方存活，文章仍然没有提到因此，正确答案为B第三题，问”confusioneffect“，即解释B，中所述，以下那种情况下一条鱼有较高的存活率。定位点和第一题一样，最