2019年英语新外研选修七讲义Module6SectionⅡIntroductionReading-LanguagePoints

SectionⅡIntroduction&Reading—LanguagePoints一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1.preservev．保护；保存2.remainsn.遗迹；遗体3.listv.(按某次序)把……列表，列清单4.recommendv.建议5.preciousadj.宝贵的；珍贵的；贵重的6.requestn.请求；要求Ⅱ.拓展词汇1.agreementn．协议→agreev．赞同；同意2.investv．投资→investmentn．投资→investorn．投资者3.existencen．存在→existv．存在；生存4.relationn．亲属；亲戚→relationshipn．关系，关联→relatev．使……有联系；叙述→relatedadj.有关系的，相关的5.sharpenv．使变锋利→sharpadj.锋利的→sharplyadv.锋利地；锐利地6.evolutionn．进化；演变→evolvev．发展；(使)进化7.exposuren．暴露；显露→exposev．暴露；(使)曝光；揭露→exposedadj.无遮蔽的；无保护的8.contributev．促成→contributionn．贡献；捐献→contributorn．捐献者；投稿人9.endangeredadj.濒危的→endangerv．使遭受损失，危及→dangern．危险→dangerousadj.危险的10.awarenessn．意识；认识；感悟能力→awareadj.知道的；意识到的11.proposev．建议；提议→proposaln．建议；提议12.assistancen．帮助，援助→assistv．协助；帮助→assistantn．助手13.estimatev．&n．估计；估算；估价→estimationn．评价；判断1.preservev．保护；保存[联想]①reservevt.保留，预定②conservev．保护；节省③deservev．应受；值得④serven．提供，端上(饭菜等)；为(顾客)服务2.sharpenv．使变锋利[联想]盘点后缀­en结尾动词①weaken削弱②widen加宽③deepen使加深④lengthen加长⑤strengthen使……变长，加强，巩固3.recommendv．建议[同义]propose,suggest,advise4.requestv．要求n．请求；要求[联想]①requirevt.要求，需要②demandvt.强烈要求，需要5.agreementn．协议[串记]Finallyweallagreedwithwhathesaidandreachedanagreement.6.investv．投资[串记]TheAmerican­Chineseinvestorinvestedallhislifesavingsineducationthatneedsinvestment.7.existencen．存在[串记]Theislandexistedforcenturies;nooneknowswhenitcameintoexistence.8.exposuren．暴露；显露[串记]Neverexposethepainttothesunshine,orit'llcomeoffastheresultofexposure.9.contributev．促成[串记]Qiancontributedtoscienceandtechnologyandhe'llberememberedforhisgreatcontributions.10.assistancen．帮助，援助[串记]Akind­heartedassistantgaveusmuchassistancewhenwewentshoppingyesterday.二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.agreeon就……达成一致2．takeplace发生3．evenso虽然如此4．allovertheworld全世界5．indanger处于危险之中6．contributeto促成；导致7．ofvitalimportance至关重要8．apartfrom除……之外1.beforetheageof1414岁以前2．livetotheageof50活到50岁3．animportanttouristattraction一个重要的旅游景点4．inthe1920s在20世纪20年代5．exposuretotheair暴露于空气中6．causeseriousdamage造成严重损害7．beremovedfromthelist从名单上除去8．raisepublicawareness增强公众意识三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.IthasnotonlygivenusimportantinformationaboutprehistoricAsiansocieties,butalsohasprovidedamazingevidenceabouttheprocessofevolution.它不仅为我们提供了史前亚洲社会的重要信息，还为我们提供了人类进化历程中惊人的证据。notonly...butalso...“不但……而且……，不仅……还……”，在句中连接两个并列的谓语，还可连接两个并列的主语、宾语、表语、状语等。Internetnotonlyexpandsourhorizons,butalsosavesustimeandenergy.互联网不仅开阔了我们的视野，而且也节省了我们的时间和精力。2.Someareasarealmostcompletelycoveredinweeds,causingseriousdamage.一些地方杂草丛生，破坏不堪。现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。Hestudiedhard,thusgettinghighgrades.他学习努力，因此得了高分。1．(教材P71)Itisfamousforitsuniqueclassicalgardensandtherearemorethanahundredpreservedancientbuildingsinthecity.这座城市以独特的古典园林而闻名，有一百多处受保护的古代建筑。preservev.保护；保存；维护n.[C]保护区(1)preserve...from...保护……免受……(2)preservern.保护人，维护者preservationn．[U]保护，维护①Wehavetakeneffectivemeasurestopreserveournaturalresources.我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。②Weshouldpreservethechildrenfrombeinghurt.我们应保护这些孩子免受伤害。③Thepaintingswereinanexcellentstateofpreservation(preserve)．这些画保存得非常好。[联想发散]表示“保护/阻止……免受……”的短语荟萃：①stop/prevent/keepsb.from(doing)阻止某人做②savesb.from...救助某人于……中③freesb.from...使某人免受……④defendsb.from...保卫某人免受……⑤protectsb.from/against...保护某人免受……2．(教材P72)Thesediscoveriesprovedtheexistenceofahumanspecieswholivedintheareabetween700,000and200,000yearsago.这些发现证明：在七十万到二十万年前就有人类生活在该地区。existencen.存在；生存，生活(方式)(1)inexistence现有的；现存的；存在的comeintoexistence/being产生；成立；开始存在(2)existvi.存在；生存existon＝liveon靠……生活/生存existingadj.现存的(置于名词前)①Thenewmusicwasbuiltoutofmaterialsalreadyinexistence.新音乐是从已有的素材中产生的。②Doyouknowwhenthiskindofrobotcameintoexistence?你知道这种机器人是什么时候问世的吗？③Weshouldmakeabetteruseoftheexisting(exist)equipment.我们应该更好地利用现有设备。[名师点津](1)exist是不及物动词，没有被动语态，也没有进行时；(2)thereexist(s)“某地存在/有”是“therebe”句型的变式。3．(教材P73)Pollutionfromnearbycementfactorieshasalsocontributedtotheproblem.附近水泥厂产生的污染对此也难辞其咎。contributev.促成；有助于；捐献，捐赠；投稿(1)contributeto有助于；促进；对……有帮助contribute...to...把……贡献给……；向……投稿(2)contributionn.贡献；捐献，捐助；稿件makeacontribution/contributionsto对……做出贡献contributorn.捐助者；投稿者①LocatedwheretheBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.(2017·江苏高考)由于位于“一带一路”的交汇处，江苏将为“一带一路”的建设做出更大的贡献。②Theirinventionshavecontributedtothedevelopmentofelectricalengineering.他们的发明有助于电气工程学的发展。③Eachworkercontributed100dollarstotheRedCross.每个工人都向红十字会捐献了一百美元。④Somecontemporaryadvertisementsmainlyaimtomakecontributions(contribute)tosociety.一些当代广告的主要目的是为社会做贡献。[语境串记]ManypeoplecontributedmoneytoProjectHope,whichcontributedtomanychildren'sreturningtoschool.Ateacherwroteanarticleaboutthisandcontributedittoanewspaper.许多人给希望工程捐钱，使许多孩子可以重返校园。一位老师据此写了一篇文章并向报社投了稿。[联想发散]contributeto中的to为介词，后接名词或动名词。类似的短语还有：①devote...to...把……贡献到……上，致力于②getusedto习惯于……③leadto导致④seeto负责，照料⑤objectto反对⑥lookforwardto期望，盼望4．(教材P73)Theyhaverecommendedthatthesitebeclosedandrepaired.该组织已经提议关闭这个遗址并进行修复。recommend(1)vt.建议recommend(doing)sth.建议(做)某事recommendsb.todosth.建议某人做某事recommendthat...(should)do建议……①IfyougotoBeijing,IrecommendvisitingtheSummer如果你去北京，我建议首先参观颐和园。②Irecommendyoutodo(do)whathesays.我劝你照他说的去做。③Itisrecommendedthatyou(should)consult(consult)yourdoctor.建议你去咨询医生。(2)vt.推荐；介绍recommendsb./sth.tosb.向某人推荐/介绍某人/某物recommendsb.as...推荐某人当……④Canyourecommendmesomenewbooksonthissubject?你能推荐一些有关这个学科的新书给我吗？⑤IcanrecommendMissGreenasagoodtypist.我可以推荐格林小姐做一名优秀的打字员。5．(教材P73)AprofessorattheAcademyhasproposedthatafundbeestablishedtoraisemoney.中科院的一位教授提议设立基金会来募集资金。proposev.建议；提议(1)proposedoingsth.建议做某事eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(proposethat...建议……,,It'sproposedthat...,有人提议建议……))eq\a\vs4\al(that从句用虚拟,语气，从句中谓语,动词用should＋,do形式)(2)proposaln.建议，提议putforwardaproposal提出一项建议proposalthat...(should)do...建议……①Weproposetofurnishourownhouseaccordingtoourowntaste.我们建议按自己的爱好布置自己的房子。②Heproposedthatyou(should)travel(travel)byplane.他建议你乘飞机旅行。③Weareallforyourproposalthatdiscussion(should)be(be)putoff.我们都支持你推迟讨论的建议。6．(教材P74)arequestforhelpfromordinarypeople来自老百姓求助的请求request(1)n.(正式或礼貌的)要求，请求eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(atone'srequest,attherequestofsb.))应某人之请求/要求makearequest/requestsforsth.请求/要求某物byrequest(ofsb.)按(某人的)要求onrequest一经要求，应要求①Allofusmadearequestthattheproblemshouldbediscussedatthemeeting.我们都要求这个问题在会上讨论。②Thelibrarywilllendyouthisbookonrequest.只要你提出要求，图书馆就会借给你这本书。③IcametotheofficeattherequestofMrSmith.我应史密斯先生的要求来到了办公室。(2)vt.(正式或礼貌地)要求，请求requeststh.of/fromsb.向某人请求某物requestsb.todosth.请求某人做某事requestthatsb.(should)dosth.请求某人做某事It'srequestedthat...(should)do据要求……④Detailsarerequestedfrom/ofnewmembersontheapplicationform.新成员要求在申请表上填写各种细节信息。⑤Youarerequestedtomake(make)aspeechatnextmeeting.请您在下次会议上作个发言。⑥Itisrequestedthatallmembers(should)be(be)presentattheparty.全体会员都被要求出席这次晚会。7．(教材P74)Apartfromprovidingwarmth,whatwasfireusedfor?除了提供温暖，火还被用来做什么？apartfrom(1)除了……之外(都)(除去的部分不包含在整体之内，相当于except,exceptfor)①Thecityhaseverythingonecouldwishfor,apartfromgoodweather.除了好天气外，这个城市拥有人们所希望得到的一切。②Theroomwasemptyapartfromonemanseatedbesidethefire.除了有个男人坐在火炉边，房间里空荡荡的。(2)除了……(还)，此外(除去的部分包含在整体之内，相当于besides,inadditionto)③Apartfrom/Besides/Inadditiontocoal,themostimportantnaturalfuelaregasandoil.除了煤，最重要的天然燃料是煤气和石油。[辨析比较]apartfrom,except,exceptfor,besidesapartfrom具有多重意义，既可代替besides,也可代替except或exceptforexcept“除了……之外”，表示在整体中减去一部分，除去的部分不包括在整体之内，此意也可用“except＋that从句”表示exceptfor“除了……之外”，用于引出细节以修正和补充句子的主要意思，它的宾语与前述对象不是同一范畴概念的词besides“除了……之外(还有)”，即把除去的部分也包括在整体之内选用上述词语填空④Iknownothingabouthimapartfrom/exceptthefactthatheisanAmerican.⑤Thiscompositionwaswellwritten,exceptforsomespellingmistakes.⑥Thegirlisverypretty,exceptthatthereisascaronherforehead.⑦Besides/ApartfromEnglish,whatotherlanguagescanyouspeak?IthasnotonlygivenusimportantinformationaboutprehistoricAsiansocieties,butalsohasprovidedamazingevidenceabouttheprocessofevolution.它不仅为我们提供了史前亚洲社会的重要信息，还为我们提供了人类进化历程的惊人证据。(1)句中notonly...butalso...“不但……而且……；不仅……还……”在句中连接两个并列的谓语，还可连接两个并列的主语、宾语、表语、状语等。①Heplaysnotonlythepianobutalsotheviolin.他不仅弹钢琴而且还拉小提琴。②TheyspeakEnglishnotonlyinclassbutalsoafterclass.他们不仅在课堂上说英语，在课下也说英语。(2)notonly...butalso...连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数要根据“就近原则”来确定。③Notonlyhebutalsohisparentsare(be)goingtoattendtheparty.不仅他而且他的父母将去参加宴会。(3)notonly放在句首时，其所在分句要用部分倒装结构。④NotonlycanhespeakEnglishbutalsoFrench.他不仅能说英语而且能说法语。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Yoursuggestionhasgreatlycontributedtotheaccomplishmentofourwork.2．Apartfromacomposition,Ialsofinishedmyphysicshomework.3．Weshouldpreserveourenvironmentfrombeingpolluted(pollute).4．Nooneknowswhensuchacustomfirstcameintoexistence.5．It'srecommendedthatthework(should)be(be)doneatonce.6．Theyproposedbuilding/tobuild(build)abridgeacrossthisriver.7．TheystayedinShanghaiforawhileattherequestoftheirfriends.8．NotonlyyoubutalsoIam(be)ateacher.Ⅱ.完成句子1．(2017·天津高考书面表达)Apartfrommyacademicstudies,IalwaysmanagetofindtimeforwhatI'minterestedin.除了我的课程学习之外，我总是设法找时间来做我感兴趣的事情。2．Irecommendthebooktoallmystudents.我向我所有的学生推荐这本书。3．Howdoyouproposegoingtowork?你打算怎么去上班？4．TheseprogrammesareofgreathelptolearnersofEnglish.这些节目对英语学习者很有帮助。5．Hehasmakegreatcontributionstothespacedevelopmentprogram.他对太空发展计划有很大的贡献。6．Leavemeoutofthisquarrelplease;Idon'twanttogetinvolved.请别把我拉入这场争吵中——我可不想牵连进去。7．Notonlyissheprettybutalsokind­hearted.她不仅漂亮，而且心地善良。8．Whathesaidishardtounderstand.他说的很难让人明白。一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Theywanttomakeacontribution(贡献)totheircountry,theirnation,theircity.2．It'srecommended/proposed(建议)thatyoushouldconsultyourdoctor.3．Thecampaignaimstoraisepublicawareness(意识)aboutthedangersofpassivesmoking.4．Accordingtothearchaeologist,everythinginexistence(存在)isreasonable.5．Imadearequest(请求)fortheinformationofthecurrentsituation.6．Exposure(暴露)ofthebodytostrongsunlightcanbeharmful.7．Mytimeisprecious(宝贵的),andIcanonlyspareyouafewminutes.8．Basedontheagreement(协议),allpaymentsshallbemadebytheendofthemonth.9．Inspiteofcries,noonecametohisassistance(帮助)．10．Thisislandismaintainedasareserveforendangered(濒危的)species.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Ourfewmeasurescontributedtopreserveanimalswithouteffect.preserve→preserving2．Hemadeaproposalthatwewillraiseallthepeople'sawarenessofprotectingtheenvironment.去掉will或will→should3．Theboywasrequestedtogoingboatingwithhisschoolmates.going→go4．AsfarasI'mconcerned,youradviceisofgreatusefultomystudy.useful→use5．Herecommendedmyhandinmyhomeworktomorrowmorning.hand→handing6．Weshouldtryourbesttopreservetheendangeredspeciesextinction.extinction前加from7．Idon'tthinkthethreesidescanarriveanagreementinsuchashorttime.arrive后加at8．Notonlyhisclassmatesbutalsohisteacherthinkhighlyofhim.think→thinksⅢ.选词填空apartfrom，ofvitalimportance，contributeto，ifnot，indanger，belistedas，getinvolved，causedamageto1.Thesymbolismofeverygesturewillbeofvitalimportanceduringtheshortstatevisit.2．Thepipelineaccidentcancausedamagetothepeopleandequipmentaround.3．Hegotinvolvedinaheatedargument.4．IftheyarrivebeforeIleave,wellandgood.Ifnot,theresponsibilitywillbemine.5．Allofuswillstrugglefairlyhardtosurviveifweareindanger.6．Apartfromsomespellingmistakes,thecompositionisfairlygood.7．Naturaldisastershaveobviouslycontributedtothecontinent'seconomiccrisis.8．Herdeathwouldbelistedasanaccident.Ⅳ.课文语法填空Zhoukoudianis1.asmallvillageabout50kilometressouth­westofBeijing.Prehistorichumanboneswerefoundthere2.whichchangedChina'sknowledgeofitshistory.Zhoukoudian3.waslisted(list)asaworldheritagesiteinDecember1987.Ithasprovidedamazingevidenceabouttheprocessofevolution.Today,however,Zhoukoudianis4.inseriousdanger.Partsofthecavehavebeenbadlyaffectedbyrainand5.exposure(expose)totheair.Spletely(complete)coveredinweeds,7.causing(cause)seriousdamage.Pollutionfromnearbycementfactorieshasalsocontributed8.totheproblem.UNESCOhasrecommendedthatthesite9.(should)beclosed(close)andrepaired.Ifnothingisdonetorepairit,itcouldberemovedfromthelist.So,notonlythegovernmentbutalsotheordinarypeopleshouldtrytheirbest10.toraise(raise)moneytosaveit.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达文化遗产是文化与历史的象征。它们是我们人类的宝贵(precious)遗产，而且保护(preserve)文化遗产是至关重要(ofvitalimportance)的。然而一些人对此毫无作为(contribute...to...)甚至危害我们的文化遗产。当我旅行的时候，我见到一些历史遗迹(remains)岌岌可危，这让我感到非常吃惊。因此，我提议(propose)我们每一个人都应该参与其中，为保护文化遗产做些什么。除此之外(apartfrom)，政府也应该拨发一些资金来对它们进行维护(maintain)。Culturalrelicsareasymbolofcultureandhistory.Theyarepreciousheritageforusmankindanditisofvitalimportancetopreservethem.However,somepeoplecontributenothingtoprotectingthem,evencausedamagetotherelics.WhenIwastravelling,Icouldseesomehistoricremainswereindanger,whichcameasagreatshocktome.SoIproposethateveryoneofus(should)getinvolvedanddosomethingfortheprotectionofculturalrelics.Apartfromit,thegovernmentshouldallocatesomefundsformaintainingthem.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Summerwassupposedtobefreeofworriesforahighschoolgraduatelikeme.Nostudying,no1.Ievenhadagood2，soIcouldgooffwithsomemoneyinmypocket.Butoneafternoon3crowdedin:I'dneverbeenonmyownbefore.HowwouldI4itoutthereinthebig,scaryworld?“Seeyoutomorrow，”Isaidtomyboss.Mom'scar5intheburningsun.Igot6Iopenedmyeyesina8room.Momwasthere.Itriedtositup,butIcouldn'tmove.Momandthepoliceofficers9toldmethetruth:The10wasallmyfault.I'dmadethe11mistakeofmylife.WitnesseshadseenmemakealeftturnonRoute37—rightintothepathofawhitetruckgoing60milesperhour.Iwasknockedunconscious.12，thedriverofthetruckwasn'thurt.AboutaweekafterIleftthehospital,apoliceofficercametothehouse,13meacourtdate.MomandIwenttoseehercar.Itwascompletely14.Ontheseatwesawabandana(手帕)inblood.“Thatmust15themanwhohelpedyou，”saidMom.“Weshouldwashthisandreturnittohim，”saidMom.Findingtheman16outtobeeasyenough.Comingface­to­facewithsomeonewhohadbeensokindtomeonly17myguilt.Iheldbacktears.Istillhadalotof18.Thejudgeaskedmetoattendacommunityclassonroadsafety.BythetimeIleftfor19Iwasreadyforthebigworldoutthere.IknewI'dbeokay,20Iwouldbemorecareful.语篇解读：高中毕业即将上大学的作者，对外面的世界充满了疑问。但是还没等出门就遭遇车祸。作者认为，尽管车祸可怕，但是给了自己一个教训：一切都要小心谨慎。这也为作者即将到来的大学生活积累了经验。1．A.homework B．houseworkC．performance D．practice解析：选A高中毕业的那个暑假是轻松的，因为不用上学，没有“作业”。2．A.sponsor B．friendC．job D．opportunity解析：选C有了“工作”，这样口袋里就能备些钱了。3．A.surprises B．doubtsC．regrets D．notes解析：选B根据第一段最后一句可知，作者对自己能否适应外面的世界有了些疑问。4．A.make B．takeC．help D．live解析：选A作者疑惑，自己一直待在家乡没有出过门，现在要上大学了，怎样才能“成功地”适应外面这个可怕的世界。makeit意为“成功地做成某事”。5．A.dried B．rolledC．shone D．sat解析：选C根据下文作者开车可知，下班告别老板之后，作者来到车旁准备开车回家。妈妈的车在阳光下“闪闪发光”。6．A.over B．throughC．off D．behind解析：选Dgetbehindthewheel为固定用法，意为“驾驶”。7．A.everything B．somethingC．nothing D．anything解析：选A根据下文可知，作者出了车祸。因此，眼前一片漆黑。8．A.new B．beautifulC．strange D．dark解析：选C根据语境，作者在医院里醒来，因此是一个“陌生的”房间。9．A.friendly B．politelyC．