2019年英语新外研必修五讲义Module5SectionⅡIntroductionReading-LanguagePoints

Section_ⅡIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Language_Points一、这样记单词记得准·写得对记得快·记得多Ⅰ.基础词汇1．stadiumn．体育场，运动场2．backgroundn.背景3．advantagen.优势；长处4．guaranteevt.保证5．purchasevt.购买6．slogann.标语7．symboln.符号8．familiaradj.熟悉的Ⅱ.拓展词汇1．athleticsn．田径运动→athleten．运动员2．retirevi.退休→retiredadj.退休的→retirementn．退休；退役3．performvi.表现→performancen．表现；表演4．advantagen．优势；长处→disadvantagen．不利因素1.stadiumn．体育场，运动场[联想]①gymnasiumn．体育馆②playgroundn．操场；运动场；游乐场2．advantagen．优势；长处[反义]disadvantagen．劣势；不利因素[联想]strengthn．长处；weaknessn．弱点[串记]Theyweighedtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesbeforemakingthedecision.他们权衡了一下优劣才做出决定。3．symboln．符号[联想]signn．符号，标志；markn．记号4．performvi.表现[串记]Theperformancegivenbythisperformerwhooftenperformedinpublicwasagreatsuccess.由经常在公众面前表演的表演者所做的表演是一个巨大的成功。二、这样记短语记牢固定短语多积常用词块1.makealistof拟订一份名单；列出2．togetherwith与……一起3．competewith/against与……竞争4．bemadeupof由……组成5．comeontothemarket上市6．ontheincrease正在增加7．haveanadvantageover比……有优势8．everytenseconds每十秒钟9．morethan多于1.attheageof2626岁2．performwell表现得好3．asenseoffailure失败感4．ayearafterhisretirement他退休后的一年5．launchanewbrand开创一个新品牌6．maketheunusualchoice做出不平常的选择7．attherighttime在适当的时候8．makemoney赚钱9．sincethen自从那时10．achievetheirsportingambitions实现他们的体育梦想三、这样记句式先背熟再悟通后仿用1.Butitwasthissenseoffailurethatmadehimdeterminedtosucceedinhisnewlife.但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。本句为强调句型，是对主语thissenseoffailure的强调。其基本构成为：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(指人)＋其余部分。It_was_at_nine_o’clock_thathecamebacklastnight.昨晚他是九点钟回来的。2.ApairofNiketrainers,forexample,couldcostuptofivetimesasmuchasasimilarLiNingproduct.比如，一双耐克运动鞋的价格可能是一双李宁牌同类产品价格的五倍之多。句中fivetimesasmuchas是典型的倍数表达法，其具体结构为：倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as。Thisbookcoststhree_times_asmuch_asthatone.这本书的花费是那本书的三倍。3.Andifyouareagreatsportsperson,anythingispossible,asLiNing’sadvertisingslogansays.正如李宁广告标语所言，如果你是一位杰出的运动员，“一切皆有可能”。as引导定语从句并在定语从句中作says的宾语。As_is_reported,_moreandmorepeoplesendtheirchildrenabroadtostudy.正如报道的那样，越来越多的人把孩子送到国外去学习。1．(教材P42)Whenheretiredattheageof26,hehadwon106goldmedalsinmajorcompetitionsacrosstheworld.当他26岁退役的时候，他已经在世界范围内的大型比赛中获得了106枚金牌。retirevi.退休；退出(比赛等)(1)retirefrom...从……退休；退役retireto...隐退到……(2)retiredadj.退休的retirementn.退休①Nowthatfather’sretiredhe’llhavemoretimeonhishands.现在父亲退休了，他空闲的时间多了。②Heretiredfromthearmyattheageof35.他35岁时从部队退役。③We’llhavetoputsomemoneyawayforourretirement(retire)．我们必须积蓄些钱留到退休后用。[辨析比较]retire,resignretire因年老而退休、退役resign辞职，辞去(工作、职务等)选用以上单词填空④ThepresidentofEgyptresignedbecauseoftheprotestmovement.⑤Heretiredwhenhewas60.2．(教材P42)Whensportsjournalistsmetin1999tomakealistofthegreatestsportsmenandsportswomenofthetwentiethcentury,LiNing’snamewasonit,togetherwithfootballerPeleandboxerMuhammadAli.1999年，当体育记者们在评选20世纪最杰出的男女运动员时，李宁和球王贝利、拳王穆罕默德·阿里一起名列其中。togetherwith与……一起；加之；连同主语后跟有togetherwith引起的短语时，谓语动词的数不受影响，仍与句子的主语保持一致。有类似用法的还有with，alongwith，aswellas等。①Hesenthersomebooks,togetherwithadictionary.他送了她几本书，外加一本词典。②MrGreen,togetherwithhisfriends,is(be)goingtoplaygolftomorrow.格林先生，还有他的朋友们，打算明天去打高尔夫球。③Iaswellasmyparentsam(be)fondofpopmusic.我和我的父母都喜欢流行音乐。④Theteacher,withhisstudents,is(be)discussingtheclassactivitiesnextweek.那位教师跟他的学生们正在讨论下周的班级活动。3．(教材P42)Hewasdisappointedbecausehehadnotperformedwellinthe1988SeoulOlympics.他感到很失望，因为他在1988年汉城奥运会上表现不佳。performvi.表现vt.履行；执行；演出(1)performone’spromise/duty履行承诺/义务performanoperation/experiment做手术/实验performwell/badly/poorly表现得好/不好(2)performern.表演者performancen.表演putonaperformance演出giveaperformanceof...演出……①You’dbetterperformyourpromisethatyouhavetofinishyourtaskontime.你最好履行你按时完成任务的承诺。②ChineseWomen’sNationalVolleyballTeamperformed_wellinthe2016RioOlympicGames.中国女排在2016年里约奥运会上表现出众。③Let’shaveagoodroundofapplauseforthenextperformer(perform)．咱们为下一个表演者热烈鼓掌吧。④Jane’sperformance(perform)willbeimpresseduponmymemoryforalongtime.简的表演将会在我的记忆中留下长久的印象。4．(教材P42)Hedecidedtolaunchanewbrandofsportswear,competingwithglobalgiantslikeNikeandAdidas.他决定推出一种新品牌的运动服，和全球大公司耐克、阿迪达斯等竞争。competewith与……竞争competefor...为……竞争competein...参加……的比赛competeagainstsb.与某人竞争①WillyoucompetewithTomintheswimmingrace?你将和汤姆比赛游泳吗？②JohnwascompetingagainstJamesfortheprizeinmath.约翰和詹姆斯比赛争夺数学奖。③Howmanyrunnerswillbecompetinginthemarathon?有多少赛跑选手参加本次马拉松？5．(教材P42)ThebrightredlogoismadeupofthefirsttwopinyinlettersofLiNing’sname,LandN.那个明亮的红色标志是由“李宁”拼音的两个首字母L和N组成的。bemadeupof由……组成makeup组成，构成becomposedof由……组成/构成consistof由……组成/构成①AlargepartofAfricaismadeupofthickforest.非洲的大部分地区都是密林。②Thebandiscomposed/madeupofmanyfamousmusicians.这支乐队由许多著名乐师组成。③Theirdietchieflyconsists(consist)ofgrainandvegetables.他们的饮食主要是谷类和蔬菜。6．(教材P42)Thenumberofyoungpeoplewithmoneytospendwasontheincrease—andsporthadneverbeensopopular.有钱消费的年轻人的数量在增加，而体育运动也得到前所未有的普及。ontheincrease正在增加(1)increaseby...增加了……increaseto...增加到……(2)onthedecrease在减少ontherise在上涨，在增加①TheGDPofourcountrywasontheincreasein2017,increasingby6.9percent.我国的GDP在2017年有所提高，增加了6.9%。②Hissalaryis￡18,600ayear,increasingto￡23,000.他的薪水由每年1.86万英镑增加到2.3万英镑。③Alocalnewspaperremarkedthatcrimewason_the_decrease.一家地方报纸评论说犯罪活动在减少。[联想发散]“on＋名词”结构常用短语：①onfire着火②onshow在展出③onduty在值班④onguard值勤⑤onbusiness出差⑥onsale出售，上市7．(教材P42)LiNing’sdesignswereattractive,andtheyhadamajoradvantageovertheirbetterknownrivals—theywerecheaper.李宁运动服不仅设计吸引人，而且比起那些更著名的商业对手，它们拥有一个主要优势，那就是价格便宜。advantagen．[C，U]优势；长处；便利条件betosb.’sadvantage＝betotheadvantageofsb.对某人有利beatanadvantage占优势takeadvantageofsth./sb.利用某物/某人haveanadvantageoversb./sth.比……有优势givesb.anadvantageover...赋予某人以胜过……的优势①JonhadanadvantageoverhismotherinthatheknewSpanish.乔恩因为懂西班牙语而比他母亲占有优势。②Theydecidedtotakeadvantageofthebeautifulweatherandgotothecountry.他们决定利用这么好的天气去乡下。③Itwillbetohisadvantageifhestudieshard.假如他努力学习，就会对他有利。8．(教材P42)SuccessforLiNingwasguaranteed,anditcamequickly.李宁的成功有了保证，并且来势迅速。guaranteevt.保证n．保证，担保；保修单(1)guaranteesb.sth.＝guaranteesth.tosb.向某人保证某事guaranteetodosth.保证做某事guaranteethat...保证……(2)underguarantee在保修期内giveaguaranteethat...保证……①IfyoucompleteyourtrainingIcanguaranteeyouajob/ajobtoyou.如果你完成了培训，我能保证你有份工作。②It’sguaranteedto_rain(rain)whenyouwanttogoout.你想出门，天准下雨。③Thecarislessthanayearold,soitisstillunder_guarantee.这辆汽车用了还不满一年，因此仍在保修期内。9．(教材P42)Injustafewyears,LiNingwonmorethanfiftypercentofthenationalmarket.短短几年中，李宁赢得了国内超过百分之五十的市场。morethan多于morethan＋数词超过，多于(相当于over)morethan＋名词不仅仅，不只是morethan＋形容词/副词非常，十分(与very同义)①Therearemorethan70studentsinourclass.我们班有70多人。②Heismore_thanaprofessor.Heisawriter.他不仅是一位教授，还是一名作家。③Thestoreismore_than_happytodelivergoodstoyourhome.本商店很乐意为您送货上门。10．(教材P42)Ifyougointoaschooloruniversityanywhere,thechancesareyouwillseestudentsinLiNingtracksuitswiththefamiliarlogo.如果你走进任何一个地方的中学或大学校园，你都有可能看到身穿印有那个熟悉标志的李宁运动服的学生们。familiaradj.熟悉的，常见到的，常听说的sb.befamiliarwith...某人熟悉……(主动)...befamiliartosb.……为某人所熟悉(被动)unfamiliaradj.陌生的，不熟悉的①Areyoufamiliarwiththecomputersoftwaretheyuse?你熟悉他们使用的计算机软件吗？②MoYan’snovelsarefamiliartoalargenumberofreaders.莫言的小说为众多读者所熟悉。③Thecourseisdesignedforstudentswhoareunfamiliar(familiar)withcomputers.这门课程是为不熟悉计算机的学生而设计的。11．(教材P43)asymbolwhichrepresentsaparticularbrand一个代表特殊品牌的符号symboln．符号；象征asymbolof...……的象征/标志thesymbolfor...……的符号①Dothesesymbolshaveanyparticularsignificance?这些符号有什么特别的含义吗？②Whitehasalwaysbeenasymbolofpurityinwesterncultures.在西方文化中，白色总是象征纯洁。③Weuse“x”asthesymbolforanunknownquantity.我们用“x”表示一个未知数。[辨析比较]symbol,sign,signal,marksymbol指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物sign普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆signal指为某一目的而有意发出的信号mark普通用词，含义广泛。既可指便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征选用以上单词填空④Aredlampisoftenusedasadangersignal.⑤Thedoveisthesymbolofpeace.⑥Imadeamarkunderthesentencetoremindmetocheckthefigure.⑦Worldtradeisshowingsignsofrevival(复苏)．1．Butitwasthissenseoffailurethatmadehimdeterminedtosucceedinhisnewlife.但就是这种失败感使他决心在新的生活中取得成功。本句为强调句型，是对主语thissenseoffailure的强调。(1)强调句型的基本构成为：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who(指人)＋其余部分。强调句型可用来强调句子中除谓语以外的其他成分。①ItwasIthatmetLiMingattherailwaystationyesterday.昨天是我在火车站遇到的李明。(强调主语)②ItwasLiMingthat/whoImetattherailwaystationyesterday.昨天我在火车站遇到的是李明。(强调宾语)③ItwasattherailwaystationthatImetLiMingyesterday.昨天我是在火车站遇到的李明。(强调地点状语)④ItwasyesterdaythatImetLiMingattherailwaystation.我是昨天在火车站遇到的李明。(强调时间状语)(2)强调句的一般疑问句：Is/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who...?强调句的特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词＋is/wasit＋that...?⑤Isityoursisterthatalwayshelpsthepooroldmaninthecountryside?是你姐姐一直在帮助这个乡下的可怜的老人吗？⑥What_is_itthathasmadehersoangrythesedays?这几天到底是什么使她那么生气的？(3)对not...until进行强调时，要把not与until一起放到前面进行强调，构成Itis/wasnotuntil...that...句式。⑦ItwasnotuntilshearrivedherethatIleft.直到她到了这儿，我才离开。(4)判断强调句型的方法：如果在一个含有“Itis/was...that...”的句子中，把“Itis/was...that...”去掉后，句子仍然成立，那么可以断定它是一个强调句。⑧(Itis)Mary(that)haswonthefirstplace.是玛丽获得的第一名。[名师点津]当强调时间、地点、原因或方式状语时，不能用when,where,how而必须用that。只有强调人时，that才可以用who代替。2．ApairofNiketrainers,forexample,couldcostuptofivetimesasmuchasasimilarLiNingproduct.比如，一双耐克运动鞋的价格可能是一双李宁牌同类产品价格的五倍之多。(1)句中fivetimesasmuchas是典型的倍数表达法，其具体结构为：倍数＋as＋adj./adv.＋as。①Thisroomisfourtimesasbigasthatone.这个房间是那个房间的四倍大。②Thisroadistwice_as_long_asthatone.这条路是那条路的两倍长。(2)倍数表达法的其他常用结构：(1)倍数＋形容词/副词比较级＋than(2)倍数＋the＋名词(size,height,length,width等)＋of(3)倍数＋that＋of(4)倍数＋what从句③Thenewly­broadenedsquareisfourtimesthesizeofthepreviousone.＝Thesizeofthenewly­broadenedsquareisfourtimesthatofthepreviousone.新扩建的广场是以前的四倍大。④Theproductionnowisthreetimeswhatitwastenyearsago.现在的产量是十年前的三倍。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Look!Tomtogetherwithhisclassmatesis(be)playingagameontheplayground.2．HisfluencyinEnglishgiveshimanadvantageovertheothercandidatesforthejob.3．Manypeoplethinkthattherainbowisasymbolofgoodfortunebecauseitconnectsheavenandearth.4．Weputonperformances(perform)inordertocollectmoneyfortheprimaryschool.5．Thesmellisveryfamiliartoeveryonewholivesnearabakery.6．SinceheretiredfrombusinessJohnhaslivedoutoftheworld.7．HehascollectedmorethanthreetimesasmanystampsasI(have)．8．ItwasatChristmasthatMarygavemeahandbag.Ⅱ.选词填空takeadvantageof，ontheincrease，underguarantee，morethan，competewith，bemadeupof1．Inrecentyears,theconcernaboutpollutionison_the_increase.2．Weshouldtake_advantage_ofalleducationalopportunities.3．Mywatchisstillunder_guarantee,_sothey’llfixitforfree.4．Thecommitteeis_made_up_offivepeople,includingtwowomen.5．Thetwogirlscompeted_witheachotherforthehighestmarkyesterday.6．Herperformancewasmore_thangood;itwasperfect.一、全练语言点，基稳才能楼高Ⅰ.单词拼写1．Nowwecanpurchase(购买)almostanythingonline.2．O2isthesymbol(符号)foroxygen.3．Hisheightgiveshimanadvantage(优势)overtheotherplayers.4．“Anythingispossible”isaslogan(标语)wellknowntoall.5．Beforeeveryconcert,sheworriesabouthowwellshewillperform(表演)．6．ThefamousswimmingplayerMichaelPhelpsretired(退役)afterthe2016RioOlympics.7．Theyfoundthemselvescompeting(竞争)withforeigncompaniesforashareofthemarket.8．Wecanguarantee(保证)youtheveryfineststandardsofservice.9．Forspecific(具体的)instructionsonloadingthesoftware,pleaserefertotheguide.10．Peoplewantedtoknowwhothistalenteddesigner(设计者)was.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Theoldretiringworkerwouldoftengototheparktoplaychess.retiring→retired2．Ican’tgiveguaranteethattherewillbenofailure.give后加a3．Thebattogetherwiththeballsarebroken.are→is4．Itwasthatverydaythatsheleftthecountry.was后加on5．Amanwhocanthinkwillalwayshaveanadvantageofothers.of→over6．Theoutputofsteelthisyearhasincreasedto20%comparedwiththatin1992.to→by7．Areyoufamiliartothistypeofmachine？to→with8．“Fe”isthechemicalsymbolofiron.of→forⅢ.完成句子1．It_waswithmyteacher’shelpthatIachievedmyambition.正是在老师的帮助下我实现了我的抱负。2．Thisbatterylaststwice_as_long_asotherbatteries.这种电池的寿命是其他电池的两倍。3．HeisfromtheNortheast,as_we_can_hearfromhisaccent.他是东北人，正如我们从他口音中听到的那样。4．Buteven_thoughheknowsthatheiswrong,heneverapologizes.但即使知道自己错了，他也从不道歉。5．Everyonecheeredthenewsthat_the_war_was_over.人人为战争结束的消息而欢呼。6．Tohelpmakesenseofthis,it_is_necessary_toknowsomethingofthehistory.为了帮助理解这一点，有必要了解一些历史知识。7．The_chances_aretentoonethattheguestteamwillwin.十之八九客队会获胜。Ⅳ.课文语法填空LiNingwascalled1.theprinceofgymnasts.Hewon106goldmedalsinalland2.was_chosen(choose)asoneofthegreatestsportsmenofthe3.twentieth(twenty)centurybysportsjournalists.After4.retirement(retire),hebegananewcareerasabusinessman,5.launching(launch)anewbrandofsportswearandchosehisownnameasthebrandmark.LiNing’ssportsclothescame6.ontothemarketatjusttherighttimeandgainedsuccessquickly.Injustafewyears,thecompany7.achieved(achieve)greatsuccess.ButLiNing’sgoalwasnottomakemoneywhenheretired.In1991,heopenedaschoolforgymnasts8.to_help(help)youngpeopletoachieve9.their(they)sportingambitions.Ifyouareagreatsportsman,anythingispossible,10.asLiNing’sadvertisingslogansays.Ⅴ.串点成篇微表达王先生年轻时是一位优秀的运动员，经常在体育馆(stadium)里训练。退役(retire)后他当了教练(trainer)。王先生比起别的教练来，有一个很大的优势(haveanadvantageover)——他非常耐心。即使(evenif)他很累了，他也总是乐于帮助那些年轻人。正是他的善良和耐心为他赢得了好名声(用强调句型)。那时，喜欢跟着他训练的年轻人的数量一直在增加(ontheincrease)。十年后，王先生开办了自己的公司来生产运动服(tracksuit)。运动服由于质量好，所以很畅销。王先生对自己的成功很满意。Mr_Wang_was_an_excellent_player_when_he_was_young_and_he_often_did_some_training_in_the_stadium._After_he_retired,_he_became_a_trainer._Mr_Wang_had_an_advantage_over_other_trainers_—_he_was_very_patient._Even_if_he_was_very_tired,_he_was_still_ready_to_help_those_young_people._It_was_his_kindness_and_patience_that_helped_him_earn_a_good_reputation._At_that_time,_the_number_of_the_young_people_who_would_like_to_follow_him_was_on_the_increase._Ten_years_later,_Mr_Wang_opened_his_own_company_to_produce_tracksuits._They_were_of_good_quality,_so_they_sold_well._Mr_Wang_was_satisfied_with_his_success.二、勤练高考题型，多练自能生巧Ⅰ.完形填空Likemostsuccessfulpeople,JerryWeintraub’sbackstorywasinspiring.HeworkedhardinNewYorkCitywithtwopartners,__1__showsperformedbysecond­classactorsinsmallvenues(场地)．ElvisPresley,a__2__singer,hadspentthe1960slargelyoutofthepubliceye.Foreightyearshehadnoconcerts.Jerryhadthecrazy__3__totakeElvisontour.He__4__togetthephonenumberofColonelParker,Elvis’manager.Thenhe__5__Parkerandexplainedwhathewantedtodo.ButParkerjustsaid,“No,thankyou！”Forthenextyear,Jerrykept__6__Parkereveryday.Hebelievedthat__7__Parkerwouldgivein.OnedayJerry’sphonerang,anditwasParker.“Doyou__8__wanttotakemyboyontour？”heasked.Jerryanswered,“Ofcourse！”ThenParker__9__totellJerrythatifhewantedtodoit,heshould__10__inLasVegaswithamilliondollars.Jerryagreed,__11__therewasonebigproblem:hedidn’thaveamilliondollars.Hecalledeveryoneheknewtoaskfor__12__.ThenafriendofhismentionedthatheknewamaninSeattlewithmuchmoney,whohappenedtobeanElvis’__13__.Jerryvisitedhimandproposed(提出)theidea;themanagreedto__14__himamilliondollars.Themoneyarrivedlater.JerrydeliveredthechecktoParker.Theyagreedtoa50/50split(划分)onthetour__15__.Attheconclusionofthewildly__16__tour,Jerryearnedseveralmilliondollars.Hisfirstsuccess__17__hisconfidenceandambition.Jerrybecameamillionaireandthemostsuccessfulmanagerin__18__business.Hisstorytellsusthatforsuccessweshouldhaveabigvisionforourbusinessandlife,askforhelpwhenwe__19__itandworkhard__20__thedifficultiesintheway.语篇解读：本文讲述了娱乐业的传奇人物杰瑞·温特劳布成功挖到人生第一桶金的故事。他的成功经验告诉我们，成功离不开坚韧不拔的意志。1．A.organizingB．watchingC．discussingD．joining解析：选A根据“HeworkedhardinNewYorkCitywithtwopartners”和下文他安排巡演的语境可知，他负责组织二流演员在小场地进行表演。故选“organizing”。2．A.strangeB．freeC．commonD．famous解析：选D根据语境和下文巡演很成功的信息可知，“猫王”埃尔维斯·普雷斯利是当时有名的(famous)歌手。3．A.theoryB．ideaC．themeD．method解析：选B由前后文内容可知埃尔维斯·普雷斯利有八年没有开演唱会了，Jerry有一个大胆的想法(idea)，那就是让Elvis巡回演出。4．A.fearedB．refusedC．managedD．dreamed解析：选C根据前后文可知Jerry有了想法后开始行动，他设法得到了Elvis的经纪人的电话号码，故选“managed”。5．A.warnedB．botheredC．stoppedD．contacted解析：选D根据语境可知，之后Jerry联系了(contacted)Parker并向他解释了自己想做的事。6．A.visitingB．callingC．watchingD．noticing解析：选B虽然遭到Parker的断然拒绝，Jerry还是坚持每天给Parker打电话。故选“calling”。7．A.fairlyB．partlyC．eventuallyD．naturally解析：选CJerry之所以坚持不懈打电话，是因为他相信Parker最终(eventually)会改变想法。8．A.stillB．evenC．alsoD．only解析：选A根据“Oneday