2019年英语新外研必修五讲义Module1SectionⅠIntroduction-Reading---Pre-reading

AlthoughpeoplestilltalkaboutdifferenttypesofEnglish—AmericanEnglish,AustralianEnglish,andIndianEnglish—itisinterestingtonoticehowclosetheyaretoeachothernowadays.Anynativespeakerreadingorlisteningtoanother“type”ofEnglishwillunderstandalmosteveryword.However,largelybecauseofglobalcommunication,cinema,televisionandespeciallytheInternet,differenttypesofEnglishhaveinfluencedeachotheralotrecently.Thisiscominginoneside—fromtheUStoBritain—andithaschangedourdailylanguagesomuch.TeensandyoungadultsinBritainuseAmericanvocabularythathascrossedtheAtlanticallthetime—thingsthatyoungspeakerslikealotaredescribedascoolorawesome,and,asawaytorefusetodosomethingimpossible,weoftenhearthephraseNoway!Iwasfortunateenoughtoworkonavocabularyresearchproject,whichiscalledtheEnglishVocabularyProfile.Whatdidwefindout?TherearesomewordsthatarestillBritishorAmerican.Britishpeoplehavebiscuitswiththeircupofteaorcoffee,butAmericanshavecookies.WealsohavecookiesinBritain,buttheyareacertaintypeofbiscuits,suchaschocolatechipcookies,wheretheoriginalrecipeisAmerican.Americanswhoarewearingpantsdefinitelyhavetheirlegscovered,butifaBritishpersonisdressedonlyinpants,theyareintheirunderwear!Phrasalverbs(verbswithtwoormorewordslike“takeoff”or“liveupto”)areanotherareaofdifference,andthereareslightlyfeweroftheminAmericanEnglish.WhenBritishandAmericanspeakers,forexample,talkofarelationshipbreakingup,Americanswillnotusethisphrasalverbtomean“finishingaschoolterm”aswedoinBritain.Overall,the10mostcommonwords(the,of,to,and,a,in,that,is,forandI)arethesameinbothcountries,andthevastmajorityofthe5,000mostcommonwordsintheUKarealsointheUSA'stop5,000.Section_ⅠIntroduction_&_Reading_—_Pre­readingeq\a\vs4\al([原文呈现])Words,words,wordsBritishandAmericanEnglisharedifferentin①manyways.Thefirstandmostobvious②wayisinthevocabulary.TherearehundredsofdifferentwordswhicharenotusedontheothersideoftheAtlantic,orwhichareusedwithadifferentmeaning③.Someofthesewordsarewellknown—Americansdriveautomobilesdown④freewaysandfillupwith⑤gas;theBritishdrivecarsalongmotorways⑥andfillupwithpetrol⑦.Asatourist,youwillneedtousetheunderground⑧inLondonorthesubway⑨inNewYork,ormaybeyouwillpreferto⑩getaround⑪thetownbytaxi(British)orcab(American)．eq\a\vs4\al([读文清障])①bedifferentin在……方面不同bedifferentfrom与……不一样②obvious/'ɒbviəs/adj.显然的，显而易见的③which引导两个定语从句，均修饰words。④drive...down...沿……驾驶……；相当于drive...along...⑤fillup(with)(用……)装满，填满⑥motorway/'məʊtəˌweI/n.(英)高速公路⑦petroln．(英)汽油，gasn．(美)汽油⑧underground/'ʌndəˌɡraʊnd/n.(英)地铁⑨subway/'sʌbˌweI/n.(美)地铁⑩prefertodo...更愿意/喜欢做……prefer...to...意为“喜欢……胜过……”。其中to为介词。⑪getaround四处走动(旅行)[第1段译文]词，词，词英式英语和美式英语在很多方面是不同的。首先最明显的是在词汇方面。有数以百计的不同的词在大西洋彼岸不被使用，或者以一种不同的意思被使用着。其中一些单词是人们所熟知的——美国人在freeways上驾驶的是automobiles，给车加gas；英国人在motorways上驾驶的是cars，给车加petrol。作为游客，你在伦敦要乘坐的地铁叫underground，而在纽约则叫subway，或者你更愿意乘坐taxi(英式)或者cab(美式)游览城市。ChipsorFrenchfries?Butotherwordsandexpressionsarenotsowellknown.Americansuseaflashlight⑫，while⑬fortheBritish,it'satorch.TheBritishqueue⑭up;Americansstandinline⑮.Sometimesthesamewordhasaslightly⑯differentmeaning,which⑰canbeconfusing⑱.Chips,forexample⑲，arepiecesofhotfriedpotatoinBritain;intheStateschipsareverythinandaresoldinpackets.TheBritishcallthesecrisps.ThechipstheBritishknowandloveareFrenchfriesontheothersideoftheAtlantic.⑫flashlight/'flæʃˌlaIt/n.(美)手电筒；火把⑬while为并列连词，意为“而，然而”，此处表示前后两种情况的对比。⑭queue/kjuː/vi.(英)排队(等候)queueup(for...)排队(等候……)⑮standinline排队等候⑯slightlyadv.略微，稍微，此处修饰different。⑰which引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。⑱confusing/kən'fjuːzIŋ/adj.令人困惑的；难懂的⑲forexample例如常作插入语，可位于句首、句中或句末。[第2段译文]Chips还是Frenchfries?但是其他词和表达方式却没有这么广泛地为人所知。美国人把手电筒称为flashlight，而英国人则叫它torch。“排队”在英式英语中用queueup，而在美式英语中用standinline。有时候同一个单词的含义有微小的差别，这让人很困惑。例如，chips在英国是指热的炸薯条，在美国却指非常薄而且装在纸袋里出售的薯片——英国人把这种东西称为crisps。英国人熟悉而且喜欢的薯条在大西洋彼岸被称为Frenchfries。Haveorhavegot?Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishsayHaveyougot...?whileAmericanspreferDoyouhave...?AnAmericanmightsayMyfriendjustarrived,butaBritishpersonwouldsayMyfriendhasjustarrived.Prepositions⑳，too,canbedifferent:compareeq\o(○,\s\up1(21))ontheteameq\o(○,\s\up1(22))，ontheweekendeq\o(○,\s\up1(23))(American)withintheteam,attheweekend(British).TheBritishuseprepositionswhereeq\o(○,\s\up1(24))Americanssometimesomiteq\o(○,\s\up1(25))them(I'llseeyouMonday;Writemesoon！)．⑳preposition/ˌprepə'zIʃn/n.介词eq\o(○,\s\up1(21))compare/kəm'peə/vt.比较compare...with...把……与……相比该结构常用其非谓语形式comparedwith作状语，此时可与comparedto互换。compare...to...把……与……相比；把……比作……eq\o(○,\s\up1(22))ontheteam(美)是队里的一员intheteam(英)是队里的一员eq\o(○,\s\up1(23))ontheweekend(美)在周末attheweekend(英)在周末eq\o(○,\s\up1(24))where引导地点状语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(25))omit/əʊ'mIt/vt.省略[第3段译文]Have还是havegot?在语法上，英式英语和美式英语也有一些区别。英国人说“Haveyougot...？”，而美国人更喜欢说“Doyouhave...？”，美国人可能会说“Myfriendjustarrived”，但是英国人会说“Myfriendhasjustarrived”。介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下ontheteam,ontheweekend(美式)和intheteam,attheweekend(英式)。英国人用介词的地方美国人有时候会省略(I'llseeyouMonday;Writemesoon！)。Colourorcolor?Theothertwoareasinwhichthetwovarietieseq\o(○,\s\up1(26))differeq\o(○,\s\up1(27))arespellingandpronunciationeq\o(○,\s\up1(28)).Americanspellingseemseq\o(○,\s\up1(29))simpler:center,colorandprograminsteadofeq\o(○,\s\up1(30))centre,colourandprogramme.Manyfactorshaveinfluencedeq\o(○,\s\up1(31))Americanpronunciationsincethefirstsettlerseq\o(○,\s\up1(32))arrivedfourhundredyearsago.Theaccent,whichismostsimilartoeq\o(○,\s\up1(33))BritishEnglisheq\o(○,\s\up1(34))，canbeheardontheEastCoastoftheUS.WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkeq\o(○,\s\up1(35))thattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.Butaretheyreallysoimportant?Afterall,thereisprobablyasmuchvariationeq\o(○,\s\up1(36))ofpronunciationwithinthetwocountriesasbetweenthem.ALondonerhasmoredifficultyunderstandingeq\o(○,\s\up1(37))aScotsmanfromGlasgowthanunderstandingaNewYorker.eq\o(○,\s\up1(26))variety/və'raIəti/n.种类avarietyof/varietiesof各种各样的eq\o(○,\s\up1(27))differ/'dIfə/vi.不同，有区别differ常与介词from,in连用。eq\o(○,\s\up1(28))“in＋关系代词which”引导定语从句，修饰先行词areas，其中differin中的介词前移了。eq\o(○,\s\up1(29))seem看来，似乎(作连系动词)seem后常与动词不定式todo或形容词连用，或构成固定句式Itseemsthat...。eq\o(○,\s\up1(30))insteadof代替，而不是insteadadv.相反；而，却eq\o(○,\s\up1(31))influencevt.&n．影响haveaninfluenceon对……有影响eq\o(○,\s\up1(32))settler/'setlə/n.移民；定居者eq\o(○,\s\up1(33))besimilarto与……相似besimilarin在……方面相似eq\o(○,\s\up1(34))which引导非限制性定语从句，指代theaccent。eq\o(○,\s\up1(35))remark/rI'mɑːk/n.评论；讲话eq\o(○,\s\up1(36))variation/ˌveərI'eIʃn/n.变化eq\o(○,\s\up1(37))havedifficulty(in)doingsth.做某事有困难[第4段译文]Colour还是color?这两种英语的另外两个方面的区别是拼写和发音。美式英语的拼写看上去更简单一些：center,color和program是美式拼法，而centre,colour和programme是英式拼法。自从400年前第一批移民到来，有很多因素影响了美式英语的发音。在美国东海岸能听到与英式英语非常相似的口音。当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳说“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族”这句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。但是这些区别真的如此重要吗？毕竟，两个国家境内的口音差别可能跟两国之间的口音差别一样多。伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话比听懂纽约人说话更难。TurnontheTVSomeexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.FormorethanacenturycommunicationsacrosstheAtlantichavedevelopedsteadilyeq\o(○,\s\up1(38)).Sincethe1980s,withsatelliteeq\o(○,\s\up1(39))TVandtheInternet,ithasbeenpossibletolistentoBritishandAmericanEnglisheq\o(○,\s\up1(40))attheflickeq\o(○,\s\up1(41))ofaswitcheq\o(○,\s\up1(42)).Thisnon­stopcommunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeq\o(○,\s\up1(43))eachother.Butithasalsoledtoeq\o(○,\s\up1(44))lotsofAmericanwordsandstructureseq\o(○,\s\up1(45))passingintoBritishEnglish,eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))sothatsomepeoplenowbelievethatBritishEnglishwilldisappeareq\o(○,\s\up1(47)).However,ifyouturnoneq\o(○,\s\up1(48))CNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccentseq\o(○,\s\up1(49))—American,British,Australian,andevenSpanish.Oneofthebest­knownfaces,MonitaRajpal,wasborninHongKong,China,andgrewupSpeakingChineseandPunjabieq\o(○,\s\up1(50))，aswellasEnglish.Thisinternationaldimensionsuggestseq\o(○,\s\up1(51))thatinthefuture,therearegoingtobemany“Englishes”，notjusttwomainvarieties.Butthemessageis“Don'tworry.”UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletoeq\o(○,\s\up1(52))understandeachother—wherevertheyareeq\o(○,\s\up1(53)).eq\o(○,\s\up1(38))steadily/'stedIli/adv.不断地；持续地eq\o(○,\s\up1(39))satellite/'sætəˌlaIt/n.卫星eq\o(○,\s\up1(40))画线部分为“it＋be＋adj.＋todo...”结构，it为形式主语，而真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(41))flick/flIk/n.轻打；轻弹；抖动attheflickof轻轻一按/弹……eq\o(○,\s\up1(42))switch/swItʃ/n.开关switch还可以作动词，常与off和on连用。eq\o(○,\s\up1(43))makeit＋adj./n.(forsb.)todo...为固定结构。it为形式宾语，其后的动词不定式为真正的宾语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(44))leadto引起；导致其中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。eq\o(○,\s\up1(45))structure/'strʌktʃə/n.结构；体系eq\o(○,\s\up1(46))画线部分为结果状语从句，sothat意为“以至于”。该状语从句中又包含了believe的宾语从句。eq\o(○,\s\up1(47))disappearvi.消失eq\o(○,\s\up1(48))turnon打开switchon(用开关)打开eq\o(○,\s\up1(49))findsth./sb.doing...“发现某物/某人在做……”为“find＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。eq\o(○,\s\up1(50))现在分词短语作伴随状语。eq\o(○,\s\up1(51))suggestv．暗示，表明eq\o(○,\s\up1(52))beableto能够……eq\o(○,\s\up1(53))wherever引导让步状语从句，相当于nomatterwhere。[第5～7段译文]打开电视机一些专家相信这两种语言变体正在越来越接近。一个多世纪以来，大西洋两岸的交流稳步发展。自从20世纪80年代以来，随着卫星电视和互联网的使用，轻轻一按开关就能听到英式英语和美式英语已经成为可能。专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。但这也导致了大量美式英语单词和结构进入英式英语，以至于现在有一些人认为英式英语将会消失。然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员都操着不同的口音——美国的、英国的、澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。其中最熟悉的面孔之一——出生于中国香港的慕妮塔·让治派，从小到大说的是汉语、一种印度土语和英语。这种国际程度表明，在未来将有很多种“英语”，而不仅仅是主要的两种。但其实大家不用担心。无论在哪里，英语使用者们都能彼此理解。Pre­readingPleasematchthewordswiththeirpropermeanings.1．accentA．apersonwhogoestoliveinanewcountryorregion2．obviousB．differentsortsofthesamething3．queueC．easytoseeorunderstand4．compareD．difficulttounderstand,notclear5．confusingE．toexamineandnotethesimilaritiesordifferencesofpeopleorthings6．omitF．towaitinalineofpeopleorvehicles,etc.inordertodosth.7．varietyG．somethingthatyousayorwritewhichexpressesanopinion,athought,etc.aboutsb./sth.8．differH．national,localwayofpronouncingwords9．remarkI．tobedifferentfromsb./sth.10．settlerJ．tonotincludesth./sb.eitherdeliberatelyorbecauseyouhaveforgottenit/them1～5________6～10________答案：1～5HCFED6～10JBIGALead­inWehavelearntEnglishforalongtime.DoyouknowinwhichcountriespeoplespeakEnglish？Thefollowingpicturescanhelpyou.A：EnglandB：AmericaC：CanadaD：AustraliaE：New_ZealandF：South_AfricaWhile­readingFast­reading1．Firstreadthetitleofthepassageandthesubheadings(小标题)ofeachparagraph,andthenskim(浏览)thefirstorthefirsttwosentencesofeachparagraph,andthentellusthemainideaofthepassage.Thepassageismainlyaboutthe_differences_between_British_English_and_American_English.2．Matchthefollowingparagraphswiththeirmainideas.(1)Paras.1～2A．Someexpertsbelievethatthetwovarietiesaremovingclosertogether.UsersofEnglishwillallbeabletounderstandeachother—wherevertheyare.(2)Para.3B．Thefirstandmostobviouswayisinthevocabulary.Buttherearesomewordsandexpressionsnotsowellknown.(3)Para.4(4)Paras.5～7D．Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar.(1)～(4)__________答案：(1)～(4)BDCACareful­readingChoosethebestanswersaccordingtothetext.1．WhichofthefollowingwordscomesfromAmericanEnglish?A．Programme.B．Centre.C．Gas.D．Underground.2．WhydosomeexpertssaythetwovarietiesofEnglisharemovingcloser?A．Becausethepeopleofthetwocountriesaremovingtogether.B．Becausethecommunicationsbetweenthetwocountrieshavedevelopedsteadilyforover100years.C．BecausemanyAmericanwordsandstructureshavepassedintoBritishEnglish.D．BecausepeoplefromthetwocountriescanlistentoBritishandAmericanEnglishonTV.3．What'sthemainideaofthelasttwoparagraphs?A．Inthefuture,thereareonlytwovarietiesofEnglish.B．NewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakAmericanEnglish.C．Inthefuture,itwillbedifficultforusersofEnglishtounderstandeachother.D．TherewillbemorethantwovarietiesofEnglishinthefuture.4．WhichofthefollowingisNOTrightaccordingtothelastpart“TurnontheTV”？A．TelevisionandtheInternethavemadeiteasierfortheBritishandAmericanstounderstandeachother.B．AlargenumberofpeoplebelieveBritishEnglishwilldisappear.C．InfactnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakwithdifferentaccentsinCNNprogrammes.D．Peopleusingdifferent“Englishes”inthefuturecanstillunderstandeachotherwell.5．Fromthepassagewecaninfer________.A．moreandmorewordshavedifferentmeaningsbetweenAmericanandBritishEnglishB．BritishEnglishturnspopularwithmorepeopleallovertheworldC．announcersintheUnitedStatesarerequiredtohavestandardpronunciationD．BritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishhavehadaninfluenceoneachother答案：1～5CBDBDStudy­readingAnalyzethefollowingdifficultsentencesinthetext.1．WhentheIrishwriterGeorgeBernardShawmadethefamousremarkthattheBritishandtheAmericansaretwonationsdividedbyacommonlanguage,hewasobviouslythinkingaboutthedifferences.[句式分析][尝试翻译]当爱尔兰作家乔治·萧伯纳说“英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个民族”这句名言的时候，他显然想到了它们的区别。2．Thisnon­stopcommunication,theexpertsthink,hasmadeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother.[句式分析]madeiteasierforBritishpeopleandAmericanstounderstandeachother属于“makeit＋adj./n.＋forsb./sth.todosth.”结构，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是动词不定式短语，形容词或名词作宾语补足语，for用于引出不定式的逻辑主语。句子的主语是thisnon­stopcommunication,theexpertsthink作插入语。[尝试翻译]专家们认为，这种不间断的交流已使得英国人和美国人相互理解起来更加容易。3．However,ifyouturnonCNN,theAmericanTVnetwork,youfindnewsreadersandweatherforecastersallspeakingwithdifferentaccents—American,British,Australian,andevenSpanish.[句式分析]本句为主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句，从句中theAmericanTVnetwork为CNN的同位语；主句中破折号后的内容为differentaccents的同位语。youfindnewsreaders...evenSpanish为主句，其中含有find的复合结构，allspeakingwithdifferentaccents为现在分词短语作宾语补足语。[尝试翻译]然而，如果你打开美国电视网络节目CNN，你会发现新闻播报员和天气预报员都操着不同的口音——美国的、英国的、澳大利亚的，甚至西班牙的。Ⅰ.阅读理解ATherearesomedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.Somedifferencesarequiteinteresting.WhenmyfriendLilyfromLondonusedtheword“larder”，Ididn'tknowwhatitmeant.RealizingIdidn'tfollowher,sheusedanotherword.Ifinallyknewshewantedtofindsomethingtokeepsomefood.Thenextwordcameupwhenwewereplanningalunchdate.Shejotted_downthedateandtimeinherdiary,whileImarkedmycalendar.Ifshecalledmeonthephone,shewouldringmeup.Butifthelinewasbusy,shewouldsaythelinewasengaged.Mosttimes,IcanknowwhatLilymeans.Lastweek,sheregrettedsendingherboystowatchanearlymorningtennisgamewithouttheirfleeces.Ithoughtthatshemeantwithouttheirjacketsorsomethinglikethose.Othertimes,wehavetoaskeachother.Sherecentlytoldmeafunnytaleaboutawomanwhowaspissed.Iwonderedwhathadmadetheladyangry.Itturnsoutthatpissedmeansdrunk.Hereisonemoreexample.MyBritishfriendJanewasfillingoutaticketatthegrocerystorerecently.Sheaskedtheyoungmanifhehadarubber.Whenshenoticedhedidn'tfollowher,shequicklyaskedforaneraser,which,inEngland,isoftencalledarubber.InordertocommunicatewellwiththeBritish,weAmericansshouldlearnsomewordsthattheBritishusedifferently.AndIthinkpeoplewholearnEnglishasasecondlanguageshouldalsorealizethattherearedifferencesbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.语篇解读：作者通过生活中的一些例子告诉我们英式英语和美式英语中一些词在使用上的差异。1．WhenLilyusedtheword“larder”，shewasprobablylookingfora________.A．cupB．ladderC．cupboardD．cooker解析：选C推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Ifinallyknewshewantedtofindsomethingtokeepsomefood.”可知，莉莉在寻找一个“橱柜”。2．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“jotteddown”inParagraph2mean?A．Wrotedown.B．Leftbehind.C．Lookedfor.D．Settleddown.解析：选A词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“inherdiary”以及“whileImarkedmycalendar”可知，莉莉把日期和时间记在了日记本上。writedown“记下，写下”。3．Lastweek,Lilyregrettedsendingherboystowatchatennisgamemainlybecause________.A．shethoughtthegamewasboringB．shewantedtospendtimewithherboysC．shedidn'tdressherboysinthickclothesD．herboysgotlost解析：选C推理判断题。根据第三段中的“anearlymorningtennisgame”和“Ithoughtthatshemeantwithouttheirjacketsorsomethinglikethose.”可推断，莉莉后悔送她的孩子们去看网球比赛是因为她没给孩子们穿厚一点的衣服。4．Accordingtothepassage,inBritishEnglish________.A．theword“pissed”means“angry”B．theword“jacket”isoftenusedC．theword“engaged”means“tired”D．theword“rubber”means“eraser”解析：选D细节理解题。根据第四段中的“shequicklyaskedforaneraser,which,inEngland,isoftencalledarubber”可知，选D。BBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglisharealmostthesame.ButthereareslightdifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishinvocabulary,pronunciation,spellingandgrammar.ThefirstdifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishisinvocabulary.AlmostallofthewordsusedinBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishareexactlythesame.Onlyaverysmallnumberofwordsareuseddisparately.Forexample,Americanswouldsay“apartment”，buttheBritishwouldsay“flat”totalkabouttheplacewheretheylive.Inadditiontosomecommonwords,manyidiomatic(惯用的)expressionsaredifferent.InEnglandpeoplemightsay“I'llringyouuptonight”，butintheUS,peoplemightsay“I'llcallyouuptonight”．TheseconddifferencebetweenBritishandAmericanEnglishisinpronunciation.Themaindifferenceinpronunciationconcernsthevowels(元音).SomeAmericandialectsandsomeBritishdialectsusevowelsindifferentways.Sometimes,AmericansandtheBritishdon'tunderstandeachother'spronunciation.Butmostofthetime,theBritishandAmericansdounderstandeachother'spronunciationbecausemostofthesoundsofthetwodialectsarethesame.Thethirddifferenceisverysmall.Thisisthedifferenceinspelling.AfewtypesofwordsarespelleddifferentlyinBritishandAmericanEnglish.Themostcommonexampleisinawordlike“center”.InBritishEnglish,thiswordwouldbespelledC­E­N­T­R­E,whileinAmericanEnglishthesamewordwouldbespelledC­E­N­T­E­R.Anotherexampleis“or”vs“our”.Theword“color”isspelledC­O­L­O­U­RinBritainbutC­O­L­O­RintheUS.Thereareafewdifferencesingrammar,too.TheBritishmaysay“Haveyougot...？”whileAmericansprefer“Doyouhave...？”AnAmericanmightsay“myfriendjustarrived”，butaBritishwouldsay“myfriendhasjustarrived”.Sometimesfunctionwordsareuseddifferently:theBritishmaysay“attheweekend”，butAmericanswouldsay“ontheweekend”．语篇解读：本文是一篇关于英式英语和美式英语差异的文章。5．Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?A．ThedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.B．DifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.C．TheinfluencesofBritishEnglishonAmericanEnglish.D．ThecausesofthedifferencesbetweenBritishandAmericanEnglish.解析：选B主旨大意题。根据文章第一段可知文章是关于英式英语和美式英语差异的。6．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disparately”inParagraph2mean?A．Frequently.B．Regularly.C．Eventually.D．Differently.解析：选D词义猜测题。根据该词前面的“AlmostallofthewordsusedinBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishareexactlythesame.Onlyaverysmallnumberofwordsareuseddisparately.”可知disparately应该与same意思相反。7.AccordingtoParagraph3,AmericansandtheBritishmayfindithardtounderstandeachotherbecauseof________.A．thedifferentwaysofusingvowelsB．thedifferentidiomaticexpressionstheyuseC．thedifferencesingrammarD．thedifferencesinspelling解析：选A细节理解题。根据第三段“Themaindifferenceinpronunciationconcernsthevowels(元音)．”可知答案为A。8．WhichofthefollowingwordsprobablybelongtotheAmericanEnglishvocabulary?a．flavourb．theaterc．humord．centree．kilometerf．honourg．colorA．a,b,c,eB．b,c,d,eC．b,c,e,gD．d,e,f,g解析：选C细节理解题。根据文章第四段关于拼写的差异，可知是C。CAmericanEnglishbeganinthe17thcentury.Atthebeginningofthe17thcentury,theEnglishlanguagewasbroughttoNorthAmericabycolonists(殖民者)fromEngland.TheyusedthelanguagespokeninEngland,thatis,ElizabethanEnglish,thelanguageusedbyShakespeare.InordertoexploitnewresourcesinAmerica,Britishcolonistssettleddownthereandfrom1607to1732setupthirteencolonies,includingVirginia,NorthCarolina,Georgia,Pennsylvania,NewYork,NewJerseyandConnecticut.Inthesethirteenareas,Englishwasacommonlanguageusedbyallpeople.ThefirstcolonistsestablishedtheEnglishforminAmerica.TheycontinuedtospeakastheyhaddoneinEngland.Astimewentby,theEnglishlanguagegraduallychangedonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.Foreignerslongingforwealthsetfootonthecoastalareatotrade.TheAmericansadoptedmanywordsfromforeignlanguagesandinventednumerousnewwordstomeettheircommercial(贸易的)needs.FollowingAmericanIndependence,famouspeoplelikeThomasJefferson,thepresident,begantoconsiderthatthecountryshouldhavealanguageofitsown.NoahWebstercompiled(编纂)threeelementarybooksonEnglish.Later,heexpressedtheideathatasanindependentnation,Americashouldhaveasystemofitsowninlanguageaswellasingovernment.Afterthesecondhalfofthe19thcentury,manygreatwriterssuchasMarkTwainhelpedthedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.EnglishinAmericahasdevelopedacharacterofitsown,reflectingthelifeandthephysicalandsocialenvironmentoftheAmericanpeople.SincetheriseoftheUnitedStatestoapositionofworldimportance,AmericanEnglishhasbeendevelopingandchanging.ThereisnodoubtthatAmericanEnglishwillenrichtheEnglishlanguagegreatly.Withtherapiddevelopmentofmodernmassmediaandthecommonneedsofeconomic,culturalandpoliticalexchanges,AmericanEnglishwillbemorewidelyusedintheworldthanBritishEnglish.语篇解读：本文简要介绍了美式英语的发展史，并预测了其在世界上的影响力将越来越深远。9．WhatcanyouinferfromParagraph3?A．PeoplefromtheseasideweremorewillingtolearnEnglish.B．TheEnglishlanguagechangedasaresultofinnercultureshock.C．NewwordsoccurredinAmericanEnglishasaresultoflocalinvention.D．InternationalbusinessandtradecontributedtothedevelopmentofAmericanEnglish.解析：选D推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Foreignerslongingforwealthsetfootonthecoastalareatotrade.TheAmericansadoptedmanywordsfromforeignlanguagesandinventednumerousnewwordstomeettheircommercialneeds.”可知，因为国际贸易的交往，美式英语从他国语言中进行了大量借鉴，由此可以推断出国际贸易促进了美式英语的发展。10．WhatdoweknowaboutAmericanEnglish?A．Itcameintobein