英文合同常用词汇

英文协议常用词汇第一节 协议常用词(UsualWording)(1)当大量接触英文协议，就会发现英文协议中有些词或短语出现的频率非常高，往往影响或决定了对协议的准确理解，下面就分门别类从常见实词和常见虚词两个方面进行具体介绍：一、英文协议常用虚词（UsualFunctionWords）1．Here/there/where+介词构成的古体词基本规则：Here代表this，there代表that，where代表which或what即here/there/where+介词=介词+this/that/whichorwhatHereby:bymeansof;byreasonofthis.特此，由此，兹等意。例句：TheBuyerherebyordersfromtheSellertheundermentionedgoodssubjecttothefollowingconditions:买方向卖方订购下列商品，条件如下：Herein：inthis。此中，于此。例句：TheminimumroyaltyhereinspecifiedshallbepaidbyPartyBtoPartyA. 在此规定的最低特许权使用费应由乙方付给甲方。Hereinafter:laterinthesameContract.以下，在下文。通常与tobereferredtoas,referredas,called 连用。例句：ThisAgreementismadeandconcludedon______,(date)____(year),byandbetween_____(hereinaftercalledPartyA)ontheonehandand_____(hereinaftercalledPartyB)ontheotherhand.本协议书于____年___月___日由_____（以下简称甲方）为一方，与_____(以下简称乙方)为另一方签订。Hereof：ofthis。关于此点，在本文献中。Hereunder：underthis. 本文献规定。例句：Bothpartiesagreetoattempttoresolvealldisputesbetweenthepartieswithrespecttotheapplicationorinterpretationofanytermhereofoftransactionhereunder,throughamicablenegotiation.合同双方就本协议规定交易任一条款的合用和解释所产生的所有争议批准力求通过和谐协商予以解决。Hereto：tothis.本文献的。Thereof：ofthat.它的，其。Thereto：tothat 与之，向那里。例句：“LicensedProducts”meansthedevicesandproductsdescribedinSchedule1annexedheretotogetherwithallimprovementandmodificationthereofordevelopmentwithrespectthereto.“特许产品”系指在本协议附件1中所述的装置和产品，及其所有改善和修改的产品和与之相关的产品。Herewith：withthis.与此，附此。Thereby：bythatmeans.因此，由此，从而例句：InanyoneormoreoftheprovisionscontainedinthisContractoranydocumentexecutedinconnectionherewithshallbeinvalidofunenforceableinanyrespectunderanyapplicablelaw,thevalidityandenforceabilityoftheremainingprovisionscontainedhereinshallnotinanywaybeaffectedthereby.假如根据现行法律，本协议及与此有关文献中有一项或多项条款被视为无效或不能履行，本协议其余条款的效力和履行将不因此受影响。Thereafter:afterthat，afterwards. 此后例句：TheContractforthecontractualjointventureshallcontinuefromaperiodoftwoyearsthereafter.本合作经营公司协议，此后应连续有效两年。Therein:inthat;inthatparticularcontext;inthatrespect.在那里；在那点上；在那方面。例句：TheLeasedPremisesaredeemedtobefitforoccupationwhenthebuildingthereinissubstantiallycompleted.当在那里的建筑物实质完毕时，该租赁房屋才认为适合占有居住。Therewith：withthat.以此；此外。例句：TheEmployershallindemnifyandsaveharmlesstheContractoragainstandfromthesameandagainstandfromallclaims,proceedings,damages,costs,chargesandexpenseswhatsoeverarisingthereoutorinconnectiontherewith.业主应补偿所有索赔、诉讼、损害补偿、支出、花费、费用，不管因本协议产生或与其相关，并保证承包人免于承担上述责任。Whereby:bytheagreement,bythefollowingtermsandconditions,etc. 凭此协议，凭此条款等。例句：ThisAgreementismadeandconcludedbyandbetweenAACorporation(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyA)andBBCompany(hereinafterreferredtoasPartyB)wherebythePartiesheretoagreetoenterintothecompensationtradeunderthetermsandconditionssetforthbelow:本协议由AA公司（以下简称甲方）和BB公司（以下简称乙方）签订。双方批准按下列条款进行补偿贸易。（本句中省略未译）2．WITNESSETH,Whereas,NowTherefore,NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS,KnowAllMenbythesepresents，InwitnessWhereof,InTestimonyWhereof,Undersigned.24WITHNESSETH,Whereas,NowTherefore用于英文协议前言部分，InwitnessWhereof用于协议结尾证明部分，在第二章篇章结构特点中已有涉及，恕不赘述。InTestimonyWhereof:inWitnessWhereof.以此为证，特立此证。例句：InTestimonyWhereofwehaveheretosignedthisDocumenton_____(date)acceptedon_____(date).我方于__年__月__日签署本文献，并于__年__月__日接受该文献，特此为证。NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESS:兹特立约为据, 本句话也是用于WHEREAS条款之后引出具体协议事项。例句：NOWTHESEPRESENTSWITNESSthatitisherebyagreedbetweenthepartiesheretoasfollows:兹特立约为据，并由订约双方协议如下：KNOWALLMENbythesepresents:根据本文献，特此宣布。（通常用于前言部分）例句：KNOWALLMENbythesepresentsthatwe_____(bank’sname)havingourregisteredofficeat______(hereinaftercalled“theBank”)willbeboundunto_____(theOwner’sname)(hereinaftercalled“theOwner”)inthesumof____forpaymentwellandtrulytobemadetothesaidOwner,theBankwillbinditself,itssuccessorsandbetterassigneebythesepresents.根据本文献，兹宣布，我行，（银行名称），其注册地点在（以下简称本银行）向（业主名称）（以下简称本业主）立约担保支付（金额数）的保证金。本保证书对本银行及其继受人和受让人均具有约束力。Undersigned:法律文献末尾的署名者,前面加定冠词the,是指文献签署者的自称。例句：TheundersignedSellerandBuyerhaveagreedtoclosethefollowingtransactioninaccordancewiththetermsandconditionsstipulatedasfollows:兹经签约的买卖双方批准，按下列条款，达成这笔交易。3．Notwithstanding:inspiteof,despite. 即使，尽管。例1：Notwithstandinganyotherprovisionstothecontraryherein,insurancecoverageandlimitsshallbesubjecttoapprovalofalltheparties.即使有与本协议相悖的规定，保险范围和责任限制应以协议各方批准为准。例2：NotwithstandingArticle2.2,thepartiesmayagreetoextendtheExpirationdatetosuchdateasisreasonableinthecircumstancesifanyoftheconditionsprecedentreferredtoinArticle2.1isnotsatisfiedorwaivedonorbeforetheExpirationDate,anysuchagreementorwaivertobeinwriting.尽管有本协议第二条第二款规定，假如上述第二条第一款规定的先决条件在协议期满日之前既未实现又未放弃，协议各方亦可根据具体情况，约定合理延长协议的期满日。4．As 协议英语中as出现的频率极高，并且用法灵活多变，是典型的自由人。在某种意义上讲，as使用的纯熟限度可以衡量协议英语的造诣。具体用法和含义见以下实例：As 放在代表规定的provide，stipulate，setforth，prescribe等词的过去分词前，含义为“依照某某25规定”。例1：Forpurposeofthis,CapitalAccountshallbeadjustedhypotheticallyasprovidedforinSection4.6herein.基于此，应依照本协议第四条第六款调整资金账户。例2：basedontheirrespectiveVentureinterestsassetforthinSection5.2hereof.基于本协议第五条第二款规定的各方在合资公司中的权益。另有Exceptasotherwiseprovided结构，表达“除非本文/某条款另有规定”。例句：Exceptasotherwiseprovidedherein,allnoticesordemandssentbyregisteredairmailshallbedeemedreceived8daysaftertheyhavebeensentandnoticesordemandssentbytelexshallbedeemedreceivedatthetimeofthedispatchthereof.除非本协议另有规定，所有告知和请求以航空挂号信寄出则发出后8日应视为送达收悉，以电传方式发出则在发送时视为收悉。As构成asthecasemaybe（视具体情况而定），asthecasemayrequire（视具体规定而定）和astheVenturersmaydetermine等短语。例句：TheVenturemayrelocateitsofficefromtimetotimeorhaveadditionalofficesastheVenturersmaydetermine.该合资公司视投资者决策，可随时迁址或增添营业场合。As构成asofthedateof____(date) 短语是英语协议中表达“自某年某月某日起”最正式的表达。例句：Inwitnesswhereof,thepartieshavecausedthisinstrumenttobedulyexecutedasofthedayandyearfirstabovewritten. 协议双方签订本文献，该文献自以上书就日期即时生效，特此为证。As还用在assoonaspractical短语中，意义用法相称于assoonaspossible.例句：DuringtheEmploymentPeriod,theCompanyagreesthatitshallrecommendtotheBoardtheelectionoftheEmployeeasaDirectoroftheCompanyontheCommencementDateorassoonaspracticalthereafter. 本公司批准在聘用期间，应自本协议开始或其后尽早的时间向董事会推选受聘方为本公司董事。As与such连用是英文协议中一大特色，参看本书第二章第三节部分，在此不在赘述。5.foregoing,aforesaid,thesaid,aforementioned,above-mentioned,inquestionForegoing,aforesaid,thesaid,aforementioned,above-mentioned一族，一般放在名词前作限定，意为“前述的”或“上述的”，为避免反复已经提到的姓名或名称。例1：TheBankshallgivepromptwrittenortelexnoticetotheBorroweroftheInterestRateineffectfromtimetotimeinaccordancewiththeforegoingsentence.本银行将根据前述的句子以书面或电传形式随时及时告知借款方生效的利率。例2：ThecontractshallbewritteninChineseandin____________.Bothlanguageversionsareequallyauthentic.Intheeventofanydiscrepancybetweenthetwoaforementionedversions,theChineseversion26shallprevail.本协议应以中文和_文书就，具同等法律效力。前述两种文本如有歧异，以中文文本为准。Inquestion:underconsideration;beingtalkabout.通常表达“在考虑或讨论中的”某件事或某个问题，可译为“这”或“该”问题。例句：AllpricestobepaidbytheBuyerunderitsobligationsofthebuyback/counter-purchaseContractshallbetheworldmarketpricestakingintoaccounttheotherdeliverytermsforthegoodsinquestion.买方根据返销或回购货品协议的义务所支付的价格应为世界市场价格，结合考虑该货品的其他交货条件。6.follows,asbelow,thefollowing这一族都表达“下列”，一般放在动词后，而thefollowing作为“下列”在英文协议中用的较少。这样的例子俯手皆是，恐怕每个英文协议都少不了的。NOWTHEREFORE,thepartiesherebycovenantandagreeasfollows;为此，双方达成契约，约定如下：NOWTHEREFORE,itisherebyagreedasbelow.为此，双方约定如下：Nowtherefore,inconsiderationofthepremisesandcovenantsdescribedhereinafter,PartyAandPartyBagreeasfollows:兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：7.accordingto,under,subjectto,inaccordancewith,asper,asprovidedin,pursuantto,incompliancewith这一族都表达“依照，根据”协议的约定或者法律的规定。其中尤以“accordingto”最不正式，自然用的最少了，而“inaccordancewith”最为常见。例如：Incasenosettlementcanbereached,thecasemaythenbesubmittedforarbitrationtoChinaInternationalEconomicAndTradeArbitrationCommissioninaccordancewiththeprovisionalRulesofProcedurespromulgatedbythesaidArbitrationCommission.如未能达成和解，该案件可提交中国国际贸易仲裁委员会根据该仲裁委员会颁布的仲裁程序暂行规定进行仲裁。又如：APhotostatcopyoftheAcceptanceCertificateoftheContractPlantsignedbytherepresentativesofbothpartiesasperChapter9ofthepresentContract.该协议设备的验收证书的影印副本由双方代表按照该协议第九章签收。再如：BothPartiesshalleachcontributetheirpaidincapitalincompliancewiththeitemsspecifiedintheappendixtotheContract.协议双方应按照本协议附件中载明的项目进行出资。8.Includingbutnotlimitedto与including,withoutlimitation以及includingbywayofillustration27butnotlimitation英文协议表达“涉及但不限于”时，就会用到这几个短语。例如：ThetimefortheperformanceoftheSeller'sobligationssetforthinthisContractshallbeautomaticallyextendedforaperiodequaltothedurationofanynonperformancearisingdirectlyorindirectlyfromForceMajeureeventsincludingbutnotlimitedtofire,flood,earthquake,typhoon,naturalcatastrophe,andallothercontingenciesandcircumstanceswhatsoeverbeyondtheSeller'sreasonablecontrolpreventing,hinderingorinterferingwiththeperformancethereof. 本协议规定卖方履行义务的时间应自动延长等同于由于直接或间接由于不可抗力事件导致的不能履行的期间。不可抗力事件涉及但不限于火灾、洪水、地震、台风、自然灾害和卖方无论如何也无法合理控制的阻止、妨碍、干扰本协议履行的其他风险和情形。9.priorto,nolaterthan,onorbefore，onandafter常用在英文协议中限定日期，priorto表达“某日之前，提前多少日”。onorbefore,no(not)laterthan,表达“不迟于”，Onandafter表达“从某日起”。例如：PartyAshallbeunauthorizedtoacceptanyordersorttocollectanyaccountonandafterSeptember20. 自9月2O日起，甲方已无权接受任何定单或收据。例如：Ourtermsarecashwithinthreemonths,i.e.onorbeforeMay1.我公司的条件是，3个月内，即不得晚于5月1日，支付钞票。例如：PartyBshallshipthegoodswithinonemonthofthedateofsigningthisContract,i.e.notlaterthanDecember.本协议签字之日一个月内，即不迟于12月15日，你方须将货品装船。例如：10-15dayspriortothedateofshipment,theBuyershallinformtheSellerbycableortelexofthecontractnumber,nameofvessel,ETAofvessel,quantitytobeloadedandthenameofshippingagent,soastoenabletheSellertocontacttheshippingagentdirectandarrangetheshipmentofthegoods.装运前10天到15天，买方应以电报或电传方式告知卖方协议编号、装运船名，预计到达时间，装载数量和承运代理商名称，以便能使卖方直接联系承运代理商安排货品装运。此外，为限定期间更为明确，还常用inclusive、including和included，来限定含当天在内的时间。例如：ThiscreditexpirestillJanuary1(inclusive)fornegotiationinBeijing.(or:ThiscreditexpirestillandincludingJanuary1fornegotiationinBeijing.) 本证在北京议付，有效期至1月1日。假如不涉及1月1日在内，则为tillandnotincludingJanuary1。10．WithoutprejudicetoWithoutprejudiceto,常用于英文协议中，表达在“不损害某规定/情况下”。例如：TheBuyershallneverthelesshavetherighttocancelinpartorinwholeofthecontractwithoutprejudicetotheBuyer'srighttoclaimcompensations.不妨害买方索赔权，买方仍有权取消协议的部分28或所有。11．Attributableto,dueto,owingto,byvirtueof,inviewof,becauseof,onaccountof，considering,inconsiderationof这一组短语出现在英文协议中都表达“由于”，其中dueto，owingto，becauseof较不正式，很少使用。例如：ShouldtheBuyerbeunabletoarrangeinsuranceintimeowingtotheSeller'sfailuretogivetheabove-mentionedadviceofshipmentbycableortelex,theSellershallbeheldresponsibleforanyandalldamagesand/orlossesattributabletosuchfailure.假如由于卖方未能以电报或电传形式发出上述装运告知，买方不能及时安排保险，则卖方应对此产生的损失和或损害补偿承担责任。例如：LicenseeherebyagreesthatitseveryuseofsuchnameshallinuretothebenefitofLicensorandthatLicenseeshallnotatanytimeacquireanyrightsinsuchnamebyvirtueofanyuseitmaymakeofsuchname.被许可方特此批准该名称的使用应有助于许可方利益且不得在任何时候因运用该名称而取得该名称项下任何权利。例如：Buyershallhavetherighttoinspectthegoodsonarrivaland,within_______businessdaysafterdelivery,buyermustgivenoticetosellerofanyclaimfordamagesonaccountofcondition,qualityorgradeofthegoods,andbuyermustspecifythebasisoftheclaimofbuyerindetail.买方应有权在货品运抵及交付后*个营业日内进行检查，买方须告知卖方任何基于货品条件、品质、等级而产生的索赔，并具体说明索赔事由。例如：InviewofthepersonalnatureoftheservicestobeperformedunderthisAgreementbyyou,youcannotassignortransferanyofyourobligationsunderthisAgreement.考虑到本协议项下待你方履行的服务有人身性质，你方不能转让本协议项下你方的任何义务。INCONSIDERATIONOF 以……为约因/报酬约因是英美法系的协议有效成立要件之一，没有则协议不能依法强制履行。但是，大陆法系的协议则无此规定。例如：Now,Therefore,inconsiderationofthemutualpremisesandcovenantshereincontained,itisherebyagreed: 兹以上述各点和契约所载条款为约因，订约双方协议如下：InconsiderationofthepaymenttobemadebyPartyAtoPartyB,PartyBherebycovenantswithPartyAtocompletethebuildinginconformitywiththeprovisionsoftheContract.乙方特此立约向甲方保证按协议规定完毕工程建设，以取得甲方所付的报酬。12．Inlieuof：一般出现在英文协议中表达“替代”的意思相称于基础英语中的inplaceof,insteadof.29例句：IncircumstanceprovidedaboveinClause14.1，PartyCorNewCompanyshall,atitssoleoptionanddiscretion,beentitledtotransfertoPartyBallorpartofPartyCorNewCompany’sproprietaryrightsandownershipoftheinfrastructureproject,underconstructionorafterCompletionDate,asliquidateddamages,inlieuofcomputingandcompensatingtheactualdamagesprovidedthatsuchtransfershallbeconductedofPartyC’sownfreewillorrenderedinthearbitrationawardasstipulatedinclause23.在上述第十四条第一款规定的情形下，丙方或新公司自行选择决断有权向乙方转让丙方或新公司的所有权及在建或竣工后基础设施的所有权的所有或部分作为约定的固定数额的违约金来替代计算补偿实际损害，但该转让应为丙方自己自愿实行的行为或根据二十三条的规定基于仲裁裁决的处分。13．Inrespectof；inrespectthereof；withrespectto：asregards 涉及，至于，在…方面英文协议中常用inrespectof,inrespectthereof或withrespectto, 表达与本协议/协议/条款有关的问题，比about,concerning,asregards正式。例如：NotwithstandingClause16.1,PartyBshallnotbeentitledtoclaimforitselfinrespectofanyForceMajeureinClause16.1.不管16条第一款的规定，乙方无权根据16条第一款为其自身提出有关不可抗力的索赔。例如：UpontheterminationoftheExistingLetterofCreditandthepaymentofallamounts(ifany)owinginrespectthereof,BankBoston,N.A.shallceasetobeanIssuingBankhereunder.现有信用证一经期满所有相关应付款项支付（假如有的话）即告终止，北美波士顿银行不再是该信用证项下的开证行。例如：PartyCorNewCompanyshallretainallrightswithrespecttothespecifications,plans,drawingsandotherdocumentsandPartyBundertakesnottodisclosethesameordivulgeanyinformationcontai