国际贸易实务与商务英语b2004试题答案

东北财经大学2004年招收入学考试初试B把单与合在一起的合同形式 汇票在提示时，如付款人付款或承兑，持票人为行使其追索权，应当到当地或机构做出 利担保卖方按时、按质、按量供应符合合同规定的货物，在合同有效期内不发 项下 两种

对些单位值不高商品经采用按计量的方法即以毛作为计价格基础，这方法也称 。 DAF是属 17国际贸易中真正可以称为到岸价的价格术语 CIF货人的仓库的条款。在业务，进口人收货后发现货物与合同规定不符，在任何时候都可向出口。某公司出口电冰箱共1000台，合同和信用证都规定分批装运时有305%的增减。据此，轻工公司发货时，可以装运970。在出口凭样品业务中，为了争取国外客户，便于达易，出口企业应尽量按FOBCFRCIF三种贸易术语货物在装运港越过船舷以后风险即告转移巨浪等自然引起的部分损失。三、案例分析题（535）500由于不可抗力影响履行合同，按惯例可免除一定的责任。1976年7月我国发生，在此之前某外贸企业与日商订有三份煤炭出口合同，合同的商品名称分别为：3．1990年，我国某外贸公司派遣贸易小组赴美设备，双方在纽约已就设备规格、同规定B方向A方提供生产手表表壳的成套设备，设备作价36万。A方以该设备生产出的表壳为补偿产品。约定每只表壳的返销价格为2，每年返销9万只，两年补偿完备价款。之后3年，B方每年包销A方5万只表壳，价格仍为每只2。合同附件中详细方法只作了一般性规定。合同签订后，应B方要求，A方请求银行向B方开出了以B方为受益人，总额为36万的不可撤销的担保函。同年6月，设备运到，经安装调试，验收合格。8月，A方生产出样品，经B方派员验收，口头通知A方合格。9月，A方生产出第一批l万只表壳，再经B方验收时，B方提出已接管B方全部财产，要求A方在3个月内返还，否则，将以A行的担保函，向A行追索36万。试分折此案例，中方应如何对待？我方A公司向旧金山B公司发盘某商品l00公吨，每公吨2400CIF旧金B公司回电称接受你发盘，立即装运A公司未作答复，又过了两天B公司由旧金山花20%，A“约港，但却增加了1500的运费请问，这笔运费应由谁负责？为什么？lwhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothebook“InternationalBusinessTopics”(NewEdition).(20%)ThemercantilistsarguedthatatradesurpluswasbeneficialtoaUndercommonlaw,commercialdisputesaresubjecttolawswhichmaybeappliedtoeithercivilorcommercialdisputes.Apartfromtheformalmethodsofarbitrationarewieldable,therearealsorulesandproceduresestablished.InnovatorsarecriticalintheadoptingprocessbecausetheymusttakethefirstInlow-contextculturemessagesareexplicitwordscarrymostoftheinformationinAfirmwhichhavemarketingconceptfootlessonfindingmarketforitsTheprincipleofcustomerorientationrequiresa tomakethoroughunderstandingofcustomersneedsandwantsonly.BrandscancreatebarriersofentrytomakeithardforotherfirmstocompeteintheArtsandentertainingindustriesdonothavetovaluebrandingbecausepeoplecanenjoythequality,ofsuchgoodsbyexperience.High-techproductsrefertonomorethanproductsthatareproducedwithFirmsdependmanlyondomesticR&DtoretaintheircostEmergenceandstrengtheningofglobaleconomyisoneofthefactorsthathavealteredthebusinessenvironment.InformationsystemisatechnologicalconkedwhichisentirelyseparatedfrombusinessTalkingtonativePeopleinforeigncountriesisconsideredbyaverageinternationalmarketersoneofthebestwaystolearnforeigncultures,becauselocalpeoplecanexintheculturetothem.NotallentrepreneursseektomakegreatreturnontheirTheself-containedunitstructureworksbestinconditionsalmostthesameasthosefavoringafunctionalorganization.AhighpowerdistancesocietyacceptswidedifferencesinpowerinBecausetheproductivityofemployeeswilldependonthequalityofthesystemsservingthem,managementdecisionsaboutinformationtechnologyarecriticallyimportanttotheprosperityandsurvivalofafirm.Standardproductsaredefinedbyalimitednumberofprecisecharacteristicsandtherefore,allowforflexibilityinordertosatisfychangingdemands.Readthefollowingsentencesandchoosefromthewordsorexpressionsmarkedwitha,b.c,dtheonethatisbestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedwordinthestatementaccordingtothetextsinthebookmentionedabove.(10%)Themostcontentiousimplicationofthenewtradetheoryistheargumentthatitgeneratesstrategictrade.a. b. c. d.TheriseofFDIintoU.S.willstoponceAmericanmanagerssucceededinmanagingworkersandassetsasefficientlyastheirforeigncompetitors.a. b. c. d.Almostallvictoriesoflawsuitsarespuriousbecauseofthecost,frustratingdelaysa. b. c. d.Americanpeopleseemnotveryinterestedindrivingluxurycarsbecausetheythinkthisislow-browesteem.a. b.illi c. d.Productionb. c. d.Understandingcustomerbehaviorentailsaddressingtheseparategoalsofandtensionsamongthethreeroles.a, b. c. d.Abrandcanreflecttheperceptionsandeventheidiosyncrasiesofa. c d.Thesinger’sconcerttoursold$33millionandspawnedalbuma. b. c. d.Thelittletownhappenstobesmackinoneofthemostbeautifula.flanked b.famous hemiddle d.onthesideTheprimarymotivationofEUwastoreasserttheirpositionagainsta. b. c. d.Definethefollowingtermsinsearchfunctionalorganizationalstructureformalcustomerforwardverticalinnovationbundledtechnology10.contractmanufacturingGiveanaccountofthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.(25Thecharacteristicsofhigh-contextYourviewpointsoftheconsequencesandchangesbroughtbyglobalization(two-sHofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferences------Masculinityvs.Femininity.(exampleKotler’sdefinitionofproductintermsofthe5levelYourownunderstandingofthedevelopmentinbusinessmanagement东北财经大学2004年招收入学考试初试B一、填空题（每空1分，共20分把单与合在一起的合同形式叫联合凭证汇票在提示时，如付款人付款或承兑，持票人为行使其追索权，应当到当地或机构做出。担保卖方按时、按质、按量供应符合合同规定的货物，在合同有效期内不发二、判断题（每题1分，共20分，正确划√,错误划CIF货人的仓库的条款。在业务，进口人收货后发现货物与合同规定不符，在任何时候都可向出口。某公司出口电冰箱共1000台，合同和信用证都规定分批装运时有30证总金额，交货数量允许有5%的增减。据此，轻工公司发货时，可以装运970台。。在出口凭样品业务中，为了争取国外客户，便于达易，出口企业应尽量按FOBCFRCIF三种贸易术语货物在装运港越过船舷以后风险即告转移巨浪等自然引起的部分损失。×2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.8. 9.10.×8.19.×三、案例分析题（每题5分，共35分我国对澳大利亚出口1000公吨大豆，国外开来信用证规定：不允许分批装运。结500根据《跟单信用证统一惯例》规定单据表面上注明货物是使用同一工具装运并经同一路线的，即使每套单据注明的装运日期不同及/或装运港、接受地由于不可抗力影响履行合同，按惯例可免除一定的责任。1976年7月我国能履行或不能如期履行合同，发生意外的一方可以免除履行合同的责任或推迟履行合3．1990年，我国某外贸公司派遣贸易小组赴美设备，双方在纽约已就设备规格、4．19833我国某手表厂A与国外某钟表公司B签订了—份补偿贸易合同。合同规定B方向A方提供生产手表表壳的成套设备，设备作价36万。A方以该设备生产出备价款。之后3年，B方每年包销A方5万只表壳，价格仍为每只2。合同附件中详列明了B方提供设备的型号、规格及质量要求，但对补偿产品表壳的质量、技术标准及验收方法只作了一般性规定。合同签订后B方要求，A方请求银行向B方开出了以B方为受益人，总额为36万的不可撤销的担保函。同年6月，设备运到，经安装调试，验收合格。8月，A方生产出样品，经B方派员验收，口头通知A方合格。9月，A产出第一批l万只表壳，再经B收时，B方提出有质量问题接受，为此双方发生纠纷。10月A方接到该外国一人来函，称其BA3AA银行追索36万。试分折此案例，中方应如何对待？10月A方接到人的来函称已接管B方全部财产要求A方在3个月内返还。但是B方提供给A方的用于补偿贸易的设备已经不是B方的财产，而A方按照合同规定生产出来的产品才属于B方财产所以该人无权要求A方返还设备而对于补偿贸易商品，A方无法在3个月内交付，此时应和人商议，是否仍然按原来合同规定，由A方提品而人销售，还是另行规定补偿办法。我方A公司向旧金山B公司发盘某品l00公吨，每公吨2400CIF旧B公司回电称AB20%A公司BB，A即没有做出还盘或接受，故合同不成立。B，ABAB的发盘作出接受，合同成立，这时，A青岛某出口公司向出口一批苹果合及来证均写的是三级品但到发货时才发现三级苹果库存告罄于是该出口公司改以二级交货并在上加注“二级苹果同意的话，我方必须想办法用三级苹果交货，不然会因合同造成纠纷。国内某公司以CIF纽约的价格条件向出口一批商品，由我方投保一切险及约港，但却增加了1500的运费。请问，这笔运费应由谁负责？为什么？(75分lwhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalseaccordingtothebook“InternationalBusinessTopics”(NewEdition).(20%)ThemercantilistsarguedthatatradesurpluswasbeneficialtoaUndercommonlaw,commercialdisputesaresubjecttolawswhichmaybeappliedtoeithercivilorcommercialdisputes.（T）Apartfromtheformalmethodsofarbitrationarewieldable,therearealsorulesandproceduresestablished.（T）InnovatorsarecriticalintheadoptingprocessbecausetheymusttakethefirstInlow-contextculturemessagesareexplicitwordscarrymostoftheinformationinAfirmwhichhavemarketingconceptfootlessonfindingmarketforitsTheprincipleofcustomerorientationrequiresa tomakethoroughunderstandingofcustomersneedsandwantsonly.（F）BrandscancreatebarriersofentrytomakeithardforotherfirmstocompeteintheArtsandentertainingindustriesdonothavetovaluebrandingbecausepeoplecanenjoythequalityofsuchgoodsbyexperience.（F）FirmsdependmainlyondomesticR&DtoretaintheircostEmergenceandstrengtheningofglobaleconomyisoneofthefactorsthathavealteredthebusinessenvironment.（T）InformationsystemisatechnologicalconkedwhichisentirelyseparatedfrombusinessTalkingtonativePeopleinforeigncountriesisconsideredbyaverageinternationalmarketersoneofthebestwaystolearnforeigncultures,becauselocalpeoplecanexintheculturetothem.（T）NotallentrepreneursseektomakegreatreturnontheirTheself-containedunitstructureworksbestinconditionsalmostthesameasthosefavoringafunctionalorganization.（F）AhighpowerdistancesocietyacceptswidedifferencesinpowerinBecausetheproductivityofemployeeswilldependonthequalityofthesystemsservingthem,managementdecisionsaboutinformationtechnologyarecriticallyimportanttotheprosperityandsurvivalofafirm.（T）Standardproductsaredefinedbyalimitednumberofprecisecharacteristicsandtherefore,allowforflexibilityinordertosatisfychangingdemands.（F）Readthefollowingsentencesandchoosefromthewordsorexpressionsmarkedwitha,b.c,dtheonethatisbestinmeaningwiththeunderlinedwordinthestatementaccordingtothetextsinthebookmentionedabove.(10%)Themostcontentiousimplicationofthenewtradetheoryistheargumentthatitgeneratesstrategictrade.（d）a. b. c. d.TheriseofFDIintoU.S.willstoponceAmericanmanagerssucceededinmanagingworkersandassetsasefficientlyastheirforeigncompetitors.（d）a. b. c. d.Almostallvictoriesoflawsuitsarespuriousbecauseofthecost,frustratingdelaysresulted.（b）a. b. c. d.Americanpeopleseemnotveryinterestedindrivingluxurycarsbecausetheythinkthislow-browesteem.a. b. c. d.Peopleoflow-contextcultureresentintrusions.a. b. c. d.Understandingcustomerbehaviorentailsaddressingtheseparategoalsofandtensionsamongthethreeroles.（a）a, b. c. d.Abrandcanreflecttheperceptionsandeventheidiosyncrasiesofconsumers.a. c d.Thesinger’sconcerttoursold$33millionandspawnedalbumsales.a. b. c. d.Thelittletownhappenstobesmackinoneofthemostbeautifulwilderness.a.flanked b.famous hemiddle d.onthesideTheprimarymotivationofEUwastoreasserttheirpositionagainstU.S.a. b. c. d.Definethefollowingtermsinsearchgoods:Goodswhosequalitycanbedetectedbyobservingbeforebuyingthem.Incontrast,experiencegoodsarethosewhosequalitycanonlybeknownbyusingthem.functionalorganizationalstructure:Themostwidelyusedorganizationalstructureintheworldtoday,withseniormanagementatthetop,middleandlowermanagersspreadoutdirectlybelow,andworkersatthebottom.Functionalstructurespromotespecializationofskillsandresources,enhancescareerdevelopmentwithinthespecialty,reducesduplicationofservices,whileontheotherhand,ittendtopromoteroutinetaskswithalimitedorientation.outsourcing:Theconceptoftakinginternal functionsandpayinganoutsidefirmtohandlethem.Outsourcingisdonetosavemoney,improvequality,or resourcesforotheractivities.Outsourcingwasfirstdoneinthedata-processingindustryandhasspreadtoareas,includingemessagingandcallcenters.Outsourcingisthewaveofthefuture.formalsystem:Theofficialwayasystemworksasdescribedination.Aformalsystemrestsonacceptedandfixeddefinitionsofdataandproceduresforcollecting,storing,processing,disseminating,andusingthesedata.Theformalsystemsarestructured,thatis,theyoperateinconformitywithpredefinedrulesthatarerelativelyfixedandnoteasilychanged.customerculture:Aculturethatincorporatescustomersatisfactionasanintegralpartofthecorporatemission,andutilizesanunderstandingofcustomerbehaviorasinputtoallofitsmarketingnsanddecisions.brand:Anameorsymbolusedtoidentifythesourceofgoodsorservices,andtodifferentiatethemfromthoseofothers.Brandingprotectsaseller'sproductsagainstthosemarketedbycompetitorsandimitatorsandhelpsconsumersidentifythequality,consistency,andimageryofapreferredsource.forwardverticalFDI:AformofverticalFDI,whichisFDIintoanindustryabroadthatsellstheoutputsofafirm’sdomesticproductionprocesses.ForwardverticalFDIismuchlesscommonthanbackwardverticalFDI,whichisFDIintoanindustryabroadthatprovidesinputsforafirm’sdomesticproductionprocesses.innovationcompatibility:Thisistheextenttowhichaproductisconsistentwithexistingvaluesandpastexperiencesofadopters.Thehistoryofproductfailuresininternationalmarketingisrepletewithexamplesthatwerecausedbythelackofcompatibilityofthenewproductsinthetargetmarket.bundledtechnology:Itreferstocontrolledtechnologythattheowneriswilltotransferonlyaspartofapackage,generallyincludinganownershipinterestintheforeignaffiliateusingthetechnology.Incontrast,unbundledtechnologyismadeavailableindependentoftechnologyr’stotalpackageofresources.contractmanufacturing:Manufacturingonthebasisofacontract.Customassemblypercustomer’srequirements.GiveanaccountofthefollowingtopicsinEnglish.(25Thecharacteristicsofhigh-context【Answer】EdwardT.Hallhassuggestedtheconceptofhighandlowcontextasawayofunderstandingdifferentculturalorientation.Inlow-contextculture,messagesareexplicit;wordscarrymostoftheinformationincommunication.Inahigh-contextculture,lessinformationiscontainedintheverbalpartofamessage,sincemuchmoreinformationisinthecontextofcommunication,whichincludesthebackground,associations,andbasicvaluesoftheIngeneral,high-contextculturesgetalongwithmuchlesslegalpaperworkthanisdeemedessentialinlow-contextcultures.Inahigh-contextculture,a ’swordishisorherbond.Thereislessneedtoanticipatecontingenciesandprovideforexternallegalsanctionsinaculturethatemphasizesobligationsandtrustasimportantvalues.Inthesecultures,sharedfeelingsofobligationandhonortaketheceofimallegalsanctions—thustheimportanceoflongandprotractednegotiationsthatneverseemtogettothepoint.Partofthepurposeofnegotiatingfora ahigh-contextcultureistogettoknowthepotentialpartner.Yourviewpointsoftheconsequencesandchangesbroughtbyglobalization(two-handspreferred).【Answer】Theconsequencesofglobalizationarefar-reaching.Manyofthechangesbyglobalizationarepresentinguswithnewformsofrisk(manufacturedrisks,environmentalrisks,andhealthrisks).In1992,thedistanceintermsofwealthbetweentheworld'srichestandtheworld'spoorestcountrywasapproximay72to1.In1820,itwasabout3to1.Globalizationseemstobeexacerbatingthesetrendsbyfurtherconcentrating e,wealth,andresourceswithinasmallcoreofcountries.Globalizationisfundamentallyunderminingtheroleofnationalernmentsandproducingaworldorderinwhichtheyarelesscentral.TheWorldTradeOrganizationersarguedthattradeandeconomicglobalizationfurtherconcentratewealthinthehandsofafewwhileincreasingpovertyforthemajorityoftheworld'spopulation.Accordingtotheers,globaltradepavesthewayforlargetransnationalcorporationstoexploitlaborersandthenaturalresourcesinthedevelocountries.Manyareconvincedthattradewillweakentheeconomicpositionofpoorsocietiesbyallowingtransnationalcorporationstooperatewithfewornosafetyandenvironmentalregulations.Commercialinterests,theyclaim,areincreasinglytakingprecedenceoverconcernforhumanwell-Hofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferencesMasculinityvs.Femininity.【Answer】InHofstede’sframeworkonculturedifferences,the dimensionismasculinityversusfemininity.AccordingtoHofstede,somesocietiesallowbothmenandwomentotakemanydifferentroles.Othersinsistthatpeoplebehaveaccordingtorigidroles.Whensocietiesmakeasharpdivisionbetweenmaleandfemaleactivities,Hofstedeclaims“thedistributionisalwayssuchthatmentakemoreassertiveanddominantrolesandwomenthemoreservice-orientedandcaringroles”.Underthecategorymasculinityheputssocietiesthatemphasizeassertivenessandtheacquisitionofmoneyandmaterialthings,whiledeemphasizingcaringforothers.Incontrast,underthecategoryfemininityheputssocietiesthatemphasizerelationships,membersputhumanrelationshipsbeforemoneyandareconcernedwiththequalityoflife,preservingtheenvironment,andhelothers.HofstedefoundJapantobethemostmasculinecountry.InJapan,almostallwomenareexpectedtostayhomeandtakecareofchildren.Attheotherextreme,hefoundtheNordiccountriesandtheNetherlandstobethemostfeminine.Thereit’scommontoseemenstayinghomeashousehusbandswhiletheirwiveswork;andworkingmenareofferedpate