智能停车场系统中英文对照外文翻译文献

智能停车场系统中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)原文：IntelliaentparkingsystemAbstractThebasicconceptsoftheparkingreservationsystemandparkingrevenuemanagementsystemarediscussedinthispaper.TheproposedintelligentparkingspaceinventorycontrolsystemthatisbasedonacombinationoffuzzylogicandintegerprogrammingAbstracttechniquesmakes“online”decisionswhethertoacceptorrejectanewdriver'srequestforparking.Inthefirststepoftheproposedmodel,thebestparkingstrategiesaredevelopedformanydifferentpatternsofvehiclearrivals.Theseparkingstrategicsarcdevelopedusingintegerprogrammingapproach.Inthewsecondstep,learn-ingfromthebeststrategies,specificrulesaredefined.Theuniquenessoftheproposedapproachisthattherulesarederivedfromthesetofchosenexamplesassumingthatthefuturetrafficarrivalpatternsareknown.Theresultswerefoundtobeclosetothebestsolutionassumingthatthefuturearrivalpatternisknown.Keywords:Traffic;Uncertaintymodeling;Control;Parking;Fuzzylogic1.IntroductionEverydayasignificantpercentageofdriversinsingleoccupancyvehiclessearchforaparkingspace.Additionally,lessexperienceddriversorout-of-townersfurthercontributetotheincreaseoftrafficcongestion.Searchforavacantparkingspaceisatypicalexampleofasearchprocess.Everyparkingsearchstrategyiscomposedofasetofvaguerules.Ttisusuallydifficulttodescribetheserulesexplicitly.Thetypeoftheplannedactivity,timeofaday,dayoftheweek,currentcongestiononparticularroutes,knowledgeofcitystreets,andpotentiallyavailableparkingplaceshavesignificantinfluenceonachosenparkingsearchstrategy-Duringthelastfourdecadesnumerousparkingsearchmodelshavebeendeveloped(VanderGoot,1982;AxhausenandPolak，1991;PolakandAxhausen，1990;Youngetal.，1991a,b;saltzman,1997;Shoup，1997;Steiner,1998;ThompsonandRichardson,1998;ArnottandRowse,1999;TamandLam,2000;Wongetal.,2000;WatersonetaL,2001).Inmanydecision-makingsituationsintransportation(modalsplit,choiceofaircarrier,choiceofairport，etc.)thecompetitivealternativesandtheircharacteristicsarereasonablywellknowninadvancetothedecisionmaker(passenger,driver).Ontheotherhand,thedriversusuallydiscoverdiffierentparkingalternativesonebyoneinatemporalsequence.Clearly，thistemporalsequencehasaverystronginfluenceonthedriver'sfinaldecisionabouttheparkingplaceDuringthepasttwodecades,trafficauthoritiesinmanycities(Helsinki,Cologne,Mainz,Stuttgart，Wiesbaden，Aalborg,Hague)havestartedtoinformandguidedriverstoparkingfacilitieswithreal-timevar-iablemeSwSagesigns[directionalarrows,namesoftheparkingfacilities,status(iuil，notiuil，numberofavailableparkingspaces,etc.)].Informationaboutthenumberofavailableparkingspacescouldbedisplayedonthemajorroads,streetsandintersections,oritcouldbedistributedthroughtheInternet.Itislogicaltoaskthequestionaboutthebenefitsoftheparkingguidancesystems.Currentpracticeshowsthatparkingguidancesystemsusuallydonotchangetheoccupancyrateoraverageparkingduration.Driverseasilybecomefamiliarwiththeparkingguidancesystems,andmajorityofthemuse，thrustandappreciatethehelpofthesystems.GuidancesystemssignificantlyincreawSetheprobabilityoffindingvacantparkingspace,mitigatefrustrationofthedrivers-visitorsunfamiliarwiththecitycenter,decreasethequeuesinfrontofparkinggarages,decreasethetotalamountofvehicle-milestraveled(particularlyinthecitycenters),decreasetheaveragetriptime,energyconsumption,andairpol1ution.Parkingguidancesystem\sapartofcomprehensiveparkingpolicyandtrafficmanagementsystem,whoseotherelementsarestreetparkingcontrol(includingsanctionsfortheillega丄丄yparkedvehicles)，parkingfarestructure,andparkingrevenuemanagementsystem.Parkingguidancesystemshelpdriverstofindvacantparkingspaceswhentheyarealreadyonthenetwork,andapproachingtheirfinaldestination.Throughoutthisresearchtheconceptsoftheparkingreservationsystemandparkingrevenuemanagementsystemareproposed.SuchsystemswouldhelpdriverstofindavacantparKingspaceevenbeforebeginningtheirtrip.Theproposed'intelligentparkingspaceinventorycontrolsywStemthatisbawSedonthecombinationofsimulation，optimizationtechniques,andfuzzylogicmakes“real-time”decisionsastowhethertorejectoracceptanewrequestforparking.Theproposedmethodologycouldbeappliedforparkinglotsandparkinggaragesincitiesandatthebiginternationalairports-Thepaperisorganizedasfollows:1.Parking-pricingproblemsarepresentedinSection2.AnalogiesbetweenparkingproblemsandsomeotherindustriesarepresentedinSection3.TheparkingrevenuemanagementsystemisintroducedinSection4，andtheIntelligentparkingspaceinventorycontrolsystemisintroducedinSection5-ThealgorithmtocreateintelligentparkingspacesinventorycontrolsystemispresentedinSection6.Resultsobtainedwiththe“intelligent”parkingsystemaregiveninSection7，andSec-tion8presentstheconcludingremarksandfurtherresearchorientations.2.parkingpricingInmajorityofcitiesthroughouttheworlddriverspayforusingdifferentparkingfacilities.Insomeinstances,trafficcongestioncanbesignificantlyreducedasaresultofparkingprice.Theparkingrevenueisusuallyusedtocoverparkingfacilitycosts(accessgates,ticketprinters，parkingmeters,parkingwsigns,attendants),ortoimprovesomeothertrafficandtransportationactivities.Differentparkingpricingstrategiesshouldbeapartofthecomprehensivesolutionapproachtothecomplextrafficcongestionproblems.Thereisnodoubtthatparkingpricingrepresentsoneoftheimportantdemandmanagementstrategics.Forexample，trafficauthorities,localgovernmentsandprivatesectorcouldintroducehigherparkingtariffsforsolodriversorforlong-termparkersincongestedcityareas.Theycouldprovidespecialparkingdiscountstovanpoolers.Obviouslyparkingpricingshouldbecarefullystudiedinthecontextoftheconsideredcityarea(down-town,residential,commercial,retailuseareas).Insomecities(Madison,Wisconsin)therearealreadytimedependentparkingfeesthatforcecommuterstoswitchtodiffierentalternativesofpublictransportation.TryingtopromotepublictransitSanFranciscotrafficauthoritiesincreasedparkingtariffsatpublicandcommercialgarages.TheChicagoauthoritiesraisedparkingratesfewtimes.Asaconsequence,thetotalnumberofcarsparkedsignificantlydecreased,aswellasparkingdurationtime-Thegreatestdecreasewasinthenumberofalldayparkers.AuthoritiesinSeattlesignificantlyreducedparkingtariffsforcarpoolattwoSeattleparkingfacilitiesindowntown•Activeroleinparkingpricingstrategiescouldalsohaveemployerspayingforemployees’parking.Employerswhoremoveparkingsubsidiesfortheemployeescouldsignificantlydecreasethetotalnumberofsolodrivers.Themainroleofanyparkingpricingstrategyshouldbereducingthetotalnumberofvehicletripsduringcertaintimeperiods,shiftingcommuterstoalternativetransportationmodes,andtodifferentparkinglocations.Atthesametime,whentryingtoimplementanyparkingstrategy,itisveryimportanttoprovideenoughparkingspaceforshoppers,toprovidepreferentialparkingforresidentsinconsideredcityarea,toprovidepreferentialparkingfordifferentparkinglocations,toconsiderlowincomefamilies,andtoprotectstreetsintheneighborhoodfromillegalparking.Thebasiceconomicconceptsofsupplyanddemandshouldbemoreutilizedwhensolvingcomplextrafficcongestionandparkingproblems(Vickrey,1969,1994;Verhoefetal.,1995).So-calledvaluepricingisalsoknownascongestionpricing,orvariabletolling.Thebasicideabehindtheconceptofcongestionpricingistoforcedriverstotravelandusetransportationfacilitiesmoreduringoff-peakhoursandlessduringpeakhours.Theideaofcongestionpricingisprimarilyconnectedwiththeroad(driverspayforusingprivate,fasterroacks,driverswithlowervehicleoccupancypayforusingHighOccupancyVehiclelanes,driverspaymoretoentercity’sdowntownonweekdays)orairportoperators(moreexpensivelandingfeesduringpeakhours).Inthecontextofparkingproblems,thismeans:{c〇thatdifferentpeirkingtaritrsshouldexistfordifferentusers;(b)thattheparkingfeesshouldincreaseand/ordecreasefewtimesduringaday.3.Parkingproblemsandrevenuemanagementsystems:AnalogieswithsomeotherindustriesAirlineindustry,hotels,carrental，rail,cruise,healthcare,broadcastindustry,energyindustry,golf,equipmentrental,restaurant,andotherindustriesareutilizingrevenuemanagementconceptswhensellingtheirproducts(Cross,1997).Revenuemanagementcouldbedescribedasagroupofdifferentscientifictechniquesofmanagingthecompanyrevenuewhentryingtodelivertherightproducttotherightclientattherightpriceattherighttime.Therootsoftherevenuemanagementareintheairlineindustry.Thebasiccharacteristicsoftheindustriestowhichdifferentrevenuemanagementconceptsweresuccessfullyappliedare:(a)variabledemandovertime;(b)variableassetutilization;(c)perishableassets;(d)limitedresources;(e)marketsegmentation;(f)addingnewcapacityisexpensive,difficultorimpossible;(g)directcostperclientisnegligiblepartofthetotalcostofmakingserviceavailable;(h)sellingproductsinadvance.ThetheTOIlowing:•Parkingdemandisvariableovertime.•Likehotelrooms,orrestaurantchairs,parkingspacesalsohavedailyopportunitytobe“sold"(usedbyclients).•Anyparkinglotorgaragehaslimitednumberofparkingspacesthatcanbeusedbydrivers•Marketsegmentationmeansthatdifferentcustomersarewillingmaincharacteristicsoftheparkingspaceinventorycontrolproblemsarctopaydifferentpricesforthesameasset(hotelroom,airlineseat,seatinarentedcar)•Businessmanwantingtoparkacarnearameetingpoint15minutesbeforethemeetingwouldtheTOIlowing:•Parkingdemandisvariableovertime.•Likehotelrooms,orrestaurantchairs,parkingspacesalsohavedailyopportunitytobe“sold"(usedbyclients).•Anyparkinglotorgaragehaslimitednumberofparkingspacesthatcanbeusedbydrivers•Marketsegmentationmeansthatdifferentcustomersarewillingthedowntown,whomadeparkingreservationfourdayinadvance.•Buildingnewgaragesandparkinglotscouldbeveryexpensiveandsometimesverydifficult.•ParkingplacescanbeeciwsilyrewServedinadvance.Introducinganddevelopingparkingreservationsystem(createdinanInternetandcellphoneenviron-ment)wouldpresentfurtherimprovementinmodernparkingtechnologies.Driverswouldbeadvisedandguidedbeforebeginningofthetrip,aswellasduringthetrip.Parkingreservationsystemshouldbecoupledwiththeparkingrevenuemanagementsystem.Inthisway,parkingoperatorsandtrafficauthoritieswouldbeabletoimplementdifferentparkingstrategies.Oncethedriverisallowedtopark,itispossibletoimplementinternalgarageguidancesystemthatguidesthedrivertoanemptyparkingplace.A.IntroducingparkingrevenuemanagementsystemLetusassumethatwehaveparkingreservationsystem.Driversmaketheirrequestsforparkingatrandommomentsoftime(byphonefromhome,bycellphonewhiledriving，throughtheInternet,etc.).Acertainnumberofdriverswouldmaybecanceltheirreservationsbeforebeginningoftheparking.Thesecancellationswouldalsobemadeatrandommomentsoftime.Likeinsomeotherindustries,acertainnumberofdriverswouldnotappearinparkinggarageforwhichtheyhaveacon-firmedreservationandpurchasedticket.Wouldthesedriversbepenalizedfortheirbehavior?Dependingonrationbetweenparkingdemandandparkingsupply，theanswercouldbe“Yes”or“No’’.Reservationsystemshouldbeflexibleenoughallowingsomedriverstoappearrightbeforewishedbeginningofparking,lookingforanemptyspaceinagarage,eventhoughtheydonothaveaconfirmedreservation.Woulditbegoodtohavefewdifferentparkingtariffs?Theanswerisobviously“Yes".Driverspayinglowerparkingtariffscouldbedisabledandseniorcitizens,peoplewhoreserveparkingspacefewdaysinadvance,orHOVdrivers.Driverspayinghighertariffscouldbesolodrivers,longtermparkingdrivers,ordriversshowingupandaskingforparkingwithoutmakingreservationincidvance.Obviously,thereisalotofpossibleparkingpricingstrategies.Thestochasticnatureofreservationgenerationandcancellation,thestochasticnatureofdrivershow-upduringreservedtimeslot,varietyofparkingtariffs,andtheneedtorespondtodrivers'requestsinrealtime,indicatethatthemanagementofparkinggaragerevenuesrepresentsacomplexproblem.Inthepast30yearsarelativelylargenumberofpapershavebeendevotedtodifferentaspectsoftheair-lineseatinventorycontrolproblem(Littlewood,1972;Bclobaba,1987;BrumelleandMcGill,1993;Teodorovicetal.,2002).Themodelproposedinthispaperishighlyinspiredbythedevelopedairlineyieldmanagementstochasticand/ordeterministicmodels.Letusassumethatwehavefewdifferentparkingtariffs.Thesimplestreservationsystem(similartosomeairlinereservationsystemsinthepast)couldbe“distincttariffclassparkingspaceinventories”(Fig.1(a)),indicatingseparateparkingspacesinthegarageforeachtariffclass.Inthiscase,oncetheparkingspaceisassignedtoatariffclass,itmaybebookedonlyinthattaritrclassorelseremainsunsold.Therearecertainadvantages,aswellascertaindisadvantagesinthecaseofdistinctparkingspaceinventories.Inthiscaseuserspayinglowertariffswouldberelativelywell“protected”.Inotherwords,thissystemwouldpayalotofattentiontothedisabledperson,seniorcitizens, Inthisresearch(likeinthepaperofreodorovic'etal.,2002)anattemptwasmadetomakereservationdecisionsonthe‘‘request-by-request”basis.Inthescenariothatwcconsider,wcassumethattherearemorethantwotypesoftariffs.Thebasiccharacteristicoftheparkingspaceinventorycontrolmodelthatweproposeis“real-time”decisionmakingabouteachdriverrequest.Thedevelopedmodeliscalledan‘‘intelligent”parkingspaceinventorycontrolsystem.译文：智能停车场系统摘要：本文讨论停车预订系统和停车收入管理系统的基本概念.拟议的智能停车空间的库存控制系统，基于模糊逻辑和整数规划技术相结合，使“上线”决定是否接受或拒绝新的驱动程序的停车要求。在该模型的第一步,最好的停车策略是发展入境车辆的许多不同的模式.这些停车场的战略是采用整数规划方法。在第二阶段，研究最佳策略，具体规则定义。该方法的独特之处是从一套假设被称为未来的交通到达模式的选择例子派生的规则。结果证明假设未来的抵达模式是已知最好的解决办法。关键词：交通;不确定性建模;控制;停车;模糊逻辑1.绪论仅出租车辆寻找车位的司机每天都有很大的比例。此外，经验不足的司机或外地人，会进一步加剧交通挤塞。空置车位的搜索是搜索过程中的一个典型的例子。每个停车搜索策略是由模糊规则组成。它通常是很难明确描述这些规则的。计划活动的类型，一天的时间，一周中的一天，当前拥塞特别路线，城市街道的知识和潜在可用的停车位上有重大影响力，对选定的停车场搜索策略。在过去四十年以来，许多停车场搜索模型已经开发（范德GOOT，1982;Axhausen和波拉克，1991;波拉克和Axhausen，1990年Young等，1991a，B;赵敏，1997年;舒普，1997;施泰纳，1998年汤普森和理查森，1998年，阿诺特和卢维思，1999年，谭和林，2000;Wong等，2000;沃特森等人，2001年）。在许多决策在交通运输的情况下（模态分割，航空承运人的选择，选择机场等）的竞争力的替代品，其特点合理性众所周知，在事先向决策者（乘客，司机）。另一方面，在同一个时期司机通常会发现不同停车场的替代品。显然，这时对驾驶员的有关停车位的最终决定具有很强的影响力。在过去的二十年里，在许多城市（赫尔辛基，科隆，美因茨，斯图加特，威斯巴登，奥尔堡，海牙）交通主管部门已开始提供信息和指导VAR-iable实时信息标志，【方向箭头，司机停车设施的名称，状态（空车位，非空车位，可用停车位的数量的位置等）】。可用停车位的数量的信息可以显示在主道，分道和路口，或者可以通过网络分别显示。问关于停车场引导系统好处的问题是合符逻辑的，当前的事实表明，停车引导系统通常不会改变的入住率或平均停车时间。司机本身很容易变成熟悉的停车场引导系统，他们大多数使用，推崇，赞成这种帮助系统。（因为）车位引导系统显著增加了寻找空车位位置的概率，避免了司机旅客对市中心不熟悉而带来的折腾，减少停车场前面的（车辆）队列，减少车辆的行程耗费金额（特别是在市中心），减少平均出行时间、能源消耗和空气污染。停车引导系统是全部停车策略和交通管理系统的一部分，包括其他的路边停车管理（包括非法停放的车辆进行制裁）停车收费机构，停车收费管理系统。停车场引导系统帮助司机找到空车位的位置，并指引他们到达具体位置。本研究提出整个停车位预订系统和停车收费管理系统的概念，这样的系统将帮助司机在开始他们的旅行之前找到一个空车位，拟议的“智能”停车空间的库存控制系统是基于模拟组合，技术优化和模糊逻辑，使“实时”决定是否接受或拒绝新的停车要求。拟议的方法可以适用于在城市和大的国际机场停车场和车库。文章（内容）安排如下：1.提出停车定价的问题。2.停车问题和其他一些行业之间的类比。3.停车收费管理系统介绍。4.智能停车空间的库存控制系统介绍。5.建立智能泊车位的库存控制系统的算法。6.“智能”泊车系统的运行结果。7.节点。8.提出的结论性意见和进一步的研究方向。2.停车费定价在世界各地的大部分城市的司机使用不同的停车设施支付费用，在某些情况下，交通拥堵可以明显减少停车收费价格。通常停车收入用于支付停车设施费用（盖茨访问，票据打印机，泊车咪表，停车标志，服务员工资），或改善一些其他的交通运输活动。不同的停车定价策略应该是一个复杂的交通拥堵问题的全面解决办法的一部分。毫无疑问，停车定价代表需求管理的重要战略之一。例如，交通主管部门、地方政府和私营部门可以引进单个司机或在拥挤的城市地区的长期停车人员的停车收费。他们可以为vanpoolers提供专门的停车折扣，显然在考虑城市区域（乡镇，住宅，商业区，零售领域）的背景下停车定价应认真研究。在一些城市（威斯康星州麦迪逊市）已经有随时间变化的停车收费，强制乘客切换到不同的公共交通的替代品。为了促使公共交通（畅通）旧金山交通部门增加公交和商业车库停车费用，芝加哥当局提出了反复停车收费（政策）。因此，停放汽车的总数量以及停车的持续时间显著下降。跌幅最大的是把车整天停着的车的数量。西雅图当局减少在西雅图市中心的停车设施，停车费用也显著降低了。在停车场的定价策略的积极作用下，也有雇主支付其员工的停车费用。雇主免去员工的停车补贴可以显著降低单个司机驾驶车辆的总数。任何停车定价策略的主要作用都应为了减少在特定时段车次总数，将乘客转移到替代的交通工具，不同的停车站点。同间，当试图实现任何停车战略时，为消费者提供足够的停车空间，针对不同的停车位置，为城市地区的居民提供优惠停车，考虑低收入家庭，并保护非法泊车附近的街道是非常重要的。供需基本的经济概念应该是解决复杂的交通拥堵和停车问题（维克瑞，1969年，1994年;等。Verhoef，1995年时利用）。拥挤定价，或变收费站也被称为所谓价值定价。拥挤定价的概念背后的基本想法是在繁忙时段限制（私家车）驾驶出行，并在非高峰时段少使用的交通设施（步行）。道路拥挤定价的想法主要是根据道路（司机使用私人支付，更快的道路，降低车辆出租司机支付额高占用车道，在平日司机支付更高费用进入市区）或机场运营（在繁忙时间收起昂贵的着陆费）。在停车问题的情况下，这意味着：（一）针对不同用户，应该收不同的停车费;（二），在一天几次停车费应增加和/或降低。3.停车问题和收入管理系统与其他一些行业的对比