职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习(17)

TheOpenUniversityinBritain

1In1963theleaderoftheLabourPartymadeaspeechexplainingplansfora

"universityoftheairw-aneducationalsystemwhichwouldmakeuseoftelevision,

radioandcorrespondencecourses.Manypeoplelaughedattheidea，butitbecame

partoftheLabourPartysprogrammetogiveeducationalopportunitytothose

peoplewho,foronereasonoranother,hadnothadachancetoreceivefurther

education.

2By1969planswerewelladvancedandbyAugust1970theOpenUniversity,

asitisnowcalled,hadreceived400,000applications.Only25,000couldbe

acceptedforthefour“foundation“coursesoffered：socialsciences,arts,science

andmathematics.Unsuccessfulcandidatesweretoldtoapplyagainthefollowing

year,whenafoundationcourseintechnologywouldalsobeoffered.

3ThefirstteachingprogrammesappearedontheairandscreeninJanuary1971,

withclerks,farmworkers,housewives,teachers,policemenandmanyothers

asstudents.Correspondenceunitshadbeencarefullypreparedandsciencestudents

weregivendevicesforasmallhomelaboratory.Studycentershavebeensetupall

overthecountrysothatstudentscanattendonceaweek,andonceayeartheywill

spendaweekatoneoftheuniversityssummerschools.

4Ithasbeennearly30yearssincetheOpenUniversitystartedtooffercourses.

NowitisaveryimportantpartoftheBritisheducationalsystem.Notonlydoesit

offerfoundationcourseslikethosementionedabove,italsocarriesoutvery

advancedscientificresearches,someofwhichleadtoMastersorPH.DDegrees.

Manyothercountrieshavestartedsimilareducationalprogrammesfollowingthe

successfulexampleoftheOpenUniversityinBritain.

1.Paragraph2.

2.Paragraph3.

3.Paragraph4.

AProgresssinceitsfounding

BSpecialfacilitiesoftheuniversity

CEnrollmentintheearlydays

DTeachingstaffoftheuniversity

4.InBritain,besidestakingacademiccoursesonTVandonradio,peoplecan

also.

5.TheLabourPartywasthefirstpartyinBritainthat.

6.In1971,theOpenUniversitystartedto

7.WhentheOpenUniversityfirststarted，thereweremore

applicants.

AputforwardtheideaoffoundingtheOpenUniversity

Bthanitcouldadmit

Clearnthroughcorrespondence

Dofferfoundationcoursesintechnology

Echargestudentsalowtuitionfee

Keys：CBACADB

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习(11)

AdultEducation

Voluntarylearninginorganizedcoursesbymaturemenandwomeniscalled

adulteducation.Sucheducationisofferedtomakepeopleabletoenlargeand

interprettheirexperienceasadults.Adultsmaywanttostudysomethingwhichthey

missedinearlierschooling,getnewskillsorjobtraining,findoutaboutnew

technologicaldevelopments,seekbetterself-understanding,ordevelopnew

talentsandskills.

Thiskindofeducationmaybeintheformofself-studywithproperguidance

throughtheuseoflibraries,correspondencecourse,orbroadcasting.Itmayalso

beacquiredcollectivelyinschoolsandcolleges,studygroups,workshops,clubs,

andprofessionalassociations.

Modernadulteducationforlargenumbersofpeoplestartedinthe18thand

19thcenturieswiththeriseoftheIndustrialRevolution.Greateconomicandsocial

changesweretakingplace：peopleweremovingfromruralareastocities；new

typesofworkwerebeingcreatedinanexpandingfactorysystem.Theseandother

factorsproducedaneedforfurthereducationandre-educationofadults.

TheearliestprogramsoforganizedadulteducationaroseinGreatBritaininthe

1790s,withthefoundingofanadultschoolinNottinghamandamechanics

instituteinGlasgow.TheearliestadulteducationinstitutionintheUnitedStateswas

foundedbyBenjaminFranklinandsomefriendsinPhiladelphiain1727.

练习：

1.Paragraph2.

2.Paragraph3.

3.Paragraph4.

4.Paragraph5.

ANecessityfordevelopingadulteducation

BEarlydaysofadulteducation

CWaysofreceivingadulteducation

DGrowthofadulteducation

EInstitutionsofadulteducation

FDefinitionofadulteducation

5.Someadultswanttolearn

6.Therearevariousformsofadulteducation,including

7.Adulteducationhasbeenmadenecessary

8.Theearliestorganizedadulteducation

Abysocialandeconomicchanges

Bguidedself-studyandcorrespondencecourses

Cbystudyingtogetherwithchildren

Dwhattheydidnotmanagetolearnearlier

Edatesbacktotheeighteenthcentury

Fmassproduction

Key：CABDDBAE

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习(9)

l.TheriseofEnglishisaremarkabletaleasProfessorDavidCrystalremindsusin

hisattractive,shortbook“EnglishhasaGloballanguage/7

3.Asherightlypointsout,whatisimpressiveaboutthisstaggeringfigureis：

“notsomuchthegrandtotalbutthespeedwithwhichexpansionhastakenplace

sincethe1950s.In1950,thecaseforEnglishasaworldlanguagewouldhavebeen

nomorethanplausible.Fiftyyearsonandthecaseisvirtuallywon."

4.Sowhathappened?

6ThemostvaluablepartofCrystalsstudyisthesectiondevotedtoaspeedy

analysisoftheculturalbasisofthisglobalreach,notablytheinfluenceof

broadcasting,press,advertising,popularmusicandfilm.Heisalsoup-to-date

andinformativeinhisidentificationoftheWorld-Wide-Webasapowerfulreinforcer

ofAmericanculturalandlinguisticdominance.

7.OneofhismostinterestingpassagesconcernstheroleplayedbytheLeague

ofNations,andlatertheUntiedNations,inspreadingEnglishasaninternational

languageintheaftermathofthetwoworldwars.

1.Paragraph2

2.Paragraph3

3.Paragraph5

4.Paragraph6

AThefigureofEnglish

BThespeedofthespreadofEnglish

CTheroleplayedbycultureandthenet

DTheroleplayedbymilitaryexpansion

ETheroleplayedbyeducation

FThe2,000yearsofEnglish

5.ThekindofEnglishspoken1,500yearsagowassodifferentfromtheEnglish

wespeaktoday.

6.Whatimpressespeoplemostisnottheinterestingnumberofspeakersof

Englishfoundallovertheworld,thelanguagehasspreadinthepasthalf

centuryorso.

7.Thetwointernationalorganizationsfoundedafterthetwoworldwarsmade

theircontributions

8.CrystalexpressesthebeliefthatinthefuturewillnothappentoEnglish.

Abecauseoftheirsimilarity

Bthatwewouldnotbeabletounderstanditatall

CtothepopularizationofEnglishasaworldlanguage

EwhatoncehappenedtoLatin

Fbutthespeedwithwhich

Keys：FBDCBFCE

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习(2)

ScienceFiction

Amongstthemostpopularbooksbeingwrittentodayarethosewhichare

usuallyclassifiedassciencefiction.Hundredsoftitlesarepublishedeveryyearand

arereadbyallkindsofpeople.Furthermore,someofthemostsuccessfulfilmsof

recentyearshavebeenbasedonsciencefictionstories.

Itisoftenthoughtthatsciencefictionisafairlynewdevelopmentinliterature,

butitsancestorscanbefoundinbookswrittenhundredsofyearsago.Thesebooks

wereoftenconcernedwiththepresentationofsomeformofidealsociety,atheme

whichisstilloftenfoundinmodernstories.

Mostoftheclassicsofsciencefiction,however,havebeenwrittenwithinthe

lasthundredyears.BooksbywriterssuchasJulesVerneandH.G.Wells,tomention

justtwowell-knownauthors,havebeentranslatedintomanylanguages.

ModernsciencefictionwritersdontwriteaboutmenfromMarsorspace

adventurestories.Theyaremoreinterestedinpredictingtheresultsoftechnical

developmentsonsocietyandthehumanmind；orinimaginingfutureworldswhich

areareflectionoftheworldwhichweliveinnow.Becauseofthistheirwritinghas

obviouspoliticalundertones.

Inanagewheresciencefactfrequentlyovertakessciencefiction，thewriters

mayfinditdifficulttokeepaheadofscientificadvances.Thosewhoaresufficiently

clear-sightedtoseethewaywearegoing,however,mayprovideavaluablelesson

onhowtodealwiththeproblemswhichsocietywillinevitablyfaceasittriesto

masteritsnewtechnology.

1.Paragraph1___________

2.Paragraph2___________

3.Paragraph3

4.Paragraph4

A.PopularityofScienceFiction

B.AFairlyNewDevelopment

C.ClassicsofScienceFiction

D.DifficultyinKeepingaheadofScientificAdventure

E.ItsOrigin

F.ThemesofModernScienceFiction

5.Someformofidealsocietyis

6.BookswrittenbyJ.Verneare

7.Peopleenjoy______________________

8.Worksofmodernsciencefictionhave

A)arecurrenttheme

B)concernedwiththepr

oblemsthatwehavetosolveinthefuture

C)readingbooksofsciencefiction

D)politicalimplications

E)acurrenttheme

F)readworldwide

KEY：AECFAFCD

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习(8)

RadioandTelevision

Improvementsofallkindsareconstantlybeingmadeintelevisionsothat

receptionwillbeasclosetoperfectaspossible.Perhapsthemostrecent

advancementofsignificancehasbeen“Telstar"。Thespecially-equippedspace

capsule,orbitingtheglobe,makeitpossiblefortheentireworldtobecloserthan

everbefore.NowafamilyinManchestercanwatchonTVafootballmatchin

France，askitournamentinNorway,oraparadeinJapanastheseeventsare

actuallyhappening.

练习：

1.Paragraph1.

2.Paragraph2.

3.Paragraph4.

A)ThepopularityradioandTVinBritain

B)Theinventionoftheradio

C)ThelatestdevelopmentofTV

D)Theimportanceoftheradio

5.Peoplemakeconstanteffortstoimprove

6.Atelstarisasatellitethat，

7.Withthehelpofthetelsar,eventscanbereportedtolistenersandviewers

andalmost.

A)atthesametimeastheyoccur

B)abasicnecessityoflife

C)sendsoutsignalsallthetime

D)travelsaroundtheglobe

E)thereceptionoftheirTVsets

Keys：ADCBEDA

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习（10）

Singapore

2Low-lyingSingaporeIslandhasnooutstandingrelief（轮廓鲜明的）features.

Acentralareaofhillsrisestothemaximumheightof176m.Thecountryhasawet

tropicalclimate,withanaverageannualtemperatureof27.20℃.Theaverage

annualrainfallis2.413mm,thewettestmonthsareNovemberthroughJanuary.

3Singaporeisgovernedunderaconstitutionof1959.Apresident,electedtoa

four-yearterm,isheadofstate,andaprimeministerisheadofgovernment.The

presidentusedtobeselectedbyParliament,butby1991constitutionalamendment

（修正案），thepresidentisnowelecteddirectlybythepeople.TheParliamentis

thelaw-makingbodywithits81memberspopularlyelected.

4Inthelate1980sthecountryhadsome290primaryschoolswith278,300

pupilsand160secondaryschoolswith200,200students.Themaininstitutionof

highereducationaretheNationalUniversityofSingapore,severaltechnicalcolleges,

andateacherscollege.

5SingaporehasoneofthehigheststandardsoflivingofanycountryinAsia.In

thelate1980sthegrossdomesticproductwasestimatedat$23.7billion,or$8,870

perperson.ThefishingindustryiscenteredontheportofDuring,onsouthwestern

SingaporeIsland.Industryhasgrownrapidlysincethe1960s,andSingaporenow

producesadiversity（多样化的）ofgoods,includingchemicals,electronicitems,

clothing,andprocessedfoods,etc.Shipbuildingandpetroleumrefiningarealso

important.

1.Paragraph2

2.Paragraph3

3.Paragraph4

4.Paragraph5

AEducation

BLandandclimate

CStatesystem

DNaturalresources

EEconomy

FPopulation

5.SingaporeisasmallstateinthesoutheastofAsia.

6.AccordingtotheconstitutionofSingapore,thepresidentofthestateis

selected

7.ComparedwithpeopleinotherAsiancountries,theSingapore

8.Thoughsmall,Singaporehasanindustryofitsownandcan,

Aliveabetterlife

Bmadeupofmorethan50islands

Chavemorefarmland

DnotbytheParliament,butbythepeople

Eproducegoodsofvariouskinds

Fhaveabigpopulation

Keys：BCAEBDAE

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习(19)

GeologyandHealth

Theimportanceofparticularmetalsinthehumandiethasbeenrealizedwithin

thepastfewdecades,andtheideathatgeologymightberelatedtohealthhasbeen

recognizedforanumberofelementssuchasiodine,zincandselenium.Forexample,

soilswithlowiodinecontentsproducecrops,andanimalsdeficientiniodine.Alack

ofiodineinthehumandietleadstosomeseriousdiseases.

Theultimatesourceofmetalswithinthehumanbodyisrocks,whichweather

intosoil,gainingorlosingsomeoftheirchemicalconstituents.Thecropsweeat

selectivelyrem

ovefromthesoiltheelementsthattheyrequireforgrowth.Thewaterwedrink

containstraceelementsleachedfromrockandsoil.Thusthegeologyand

geochemistryoftheenvironmentshaveeffectsonthechemistryandhealthofplants，

animalsandpeople.

Sofarthereisnodatatosuggestthatpeoplelivingonmetal-richsoils

experienceapotentialhealthhazard.Thelevelsofmetalswithinnaturally

contaminatedsoilsaregenerallynothighenoughtocauseserioushealthproblems.

Livingonmetal-richsoilsdoesnotrepresentahealthriskunlesslargequantitiesof

soilaredigestedormetal-richdustisinhaled.However,smallchildrenare

particularlyexposedtometal-richtopsoilinplaygroundsandgardens.Theyarealso

themostlikelyonestoeatpotentiallydangerousmetal-richsoil.

Heavymetalsarepersistent；theydonotbreakdowntootherchemicalsinthe

environment.Industriallypollutedsitesusuallyundergointensiveclean-upand

rehabilitationbecauseheavymetalsareahealthconcernoncetheyenterthefood

chain.Sometracemetalsareallegedtocausecancerandarealsoknowntocause

poisoning.

Incontrast,naturallycontaminatedsoilshavenotbeensubjecttorisk

assessmentstudiesandrehabilitationmeasures,despitethefactthatthey

frequentlypossessmetalconcentrationswellabovethoseofsuchpollutedby

humansandaboveenvironmentalqualitycriteria.

Thereisavitalneedtounderstandthepotentialrisksandlong-termhealth

effectsoflivingonnaturallycontaminatedsoils.Futureenvironmentalinvestigations

ofnaturallypollutedsoilsshouldconcentrateonthepotentialpathwaysofmetals

intothefoodchainandhumanbody.Geologistsshouldbepartofsuchstudiesas

theycanprovidetheessentialbackgroundinformationonrockandsoilchemistryas

wellasthechemicalformsofheavymetalpollution.

A.Noevidencetoindicatebadeffectsofnaturallycontaminatedsoil

B.Potentialhazardsofhumancontaminatedsoils

C.Researchonchannelsofheavymetalsgettingintohumanfoodchain

D.Geologyandhealthproblems

E.Rocks-theultimatesourceofsoilpollution

F.Long-termheltheffectsonchildren

1.Paragraph1

2.Paragraph3

3.Paragraph4

4.Paragraph6

A.industriallypollutedsoils

B.rockandsoilchemistry

C.naturallypollutedsoils

D.thepathwaysofmetalsintothefoodchain

E.theelementofiodine

F.thepersistenceofheavymetals

5.Someseriousdiseasesisconnectedwithdeficiencyof...

6.Itisextremelynecessarytostudythelong-termeffectscausedbyliving

on.....

7.Geologistsareindispensableintheresearchprojectongeologyandhealth

duetotheirknowledgeon....

8.Industriallycontaminatedsitesusuallyrequireathoroughclean-updueto

Key：DABCECBF

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习⑺

SchoolsandEducation

Lifeinthetwentiethcenturydemandspreparation.Today,allindividualsina

countrymusthaveadequateschoolingtopreparethemfor

theirworkaswellasfortheirresponsibilitiesascitizens.Withthisinmind,

nationalleaderseverywhereareplacingmoreemphasisontheeducationofthe

young.IntheUnitedStates,governmentofficials,parents,andteachersare

workinghardtogivetheirchildren-tomorrowsdecisionmakers-thebest

preparationavailable.

ThereisnonationalschoolpolicyintheUnitedStates.Eachofthefiftystates

makesitsownrulesandregulationsforitsschool,buttherearemanysimilarities

amongthefiftyschoolsystems.Publicschoolsinallstatesaresupportedbytaxes

paidbythecitizensoftheindividualstate.Inmoststatesthechildrenarerequiredto

attendschooluntiltheyreachtheageofsixteen

WhentheyBEComesixyearsold,childrenbeginelementaryschool.Aftersix

yearsinelementaryschool,theygointojuniorhighschoolandremaintherefor

threeyears.Thelastthreeyearsoftheirpublicschooleducationarespentinsenior

highschool,fromwhichtheygraduateattheageofeighteen.

Agreatnumberofhighschoolgraduatescontinuetheireducationinoneofthe

manycollegesoruniversitiesinthecountry.Afterfouryears,theyreceivea

bachelorsdegree.Somecontinuestudyingforamastersdegreeandperhapsa

doctorsdegree.

练习：

A.FamilyeducationintheUnitedStates

B.Primaryandsecondaryschooling

C.Theimportanceofeducation

D.ThesimilarschoolsystemthroughouttheUS

1.Paragraph1

2.Paragraph2

3.Paragraph3

A.goontostudyincollegesoruniversities

B.emphasizedtoday

C.thetaxespaidbythecitizensofeachstate

D.togoabroadtodofurtherstudy

E.attendschool

4.Educationisbeing

5.Inmoststateschildren,beforetheyare16,must

6.Publicschoolsarefinancedby,

7.Afteronefinishessecondaryschool,hemayormaynot

答案:CDBBECA

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习（15）

CeasingtoWearTies

1It'suseless.It'sdirty.ltspreadsdisease.That'swhytheBritishMedical

AssociationintheUKrecentlycalledforhospitaldoctorstostopwearingties.

2Thatleadstoanotherquestion.Whydoesanyonewearatie?Tiesserveno

purpose.Theydonotcoveranypartofyourbodyandkeepyouwarm.Theyalways

seemtogetcoveredinfoodstains.Perhapsthatisthepurposeofthetie.ltlets

everyoneknowwhatyoujustate.

3Tieshaveanoddhistory.SoldiersfromCroatia,inEasternEurope,servedas

mercenaries（雇佣军）invariousconflictsinthe17thcentury.Theywereidentifiedby

brightlycoloredpiecesofsilkwornaroundtheneck.Knownascravats（围巾）,these

becameapopularfashioniteminFranceandevertuallyevolvedintothetie.

4It'saninterestingstory,butitdoesn'ttelluswhymenwanttoputuseless

piecesofclothorsilkaroundtheirnecks.Theanswerseemstobeaboutidentification

（身份证明）.Inthe19th-centuryBritain,tieswereusedbyuniversities,military

regiments（团）,sportsclubs,schoolsandgentleman'sclubs.Eachtiewasina

particularsetofcolorswhichidentifiedthewearerasamemberofthat

organization.WearingtieswasalsothemarkofBritain'smostpowerfulclasses.That

madethetieitselfasymbolofpowerandrespect.Andthatledittobeadoptedbya

muchlargerclass-thebusinessclass.

5Youcannotwearatieifyouworkwithmachinery.Sowearingatiebecamea

signthatyouwereamanwhousedhisbraintomakealiving/atherthanhishands.lt

showedyouwereserious.ltshowedyouwereaprofessional.ltmeantthateveryone

whowantedajobinbusinesshadtowearone.ltwasjustimpossibletotakeseriously

amanwhodidnotwearapieceofcoloredsilkaroundhisneck.Thisishowmillionsof

peoplecametoweartiesacrosstheworld.

6Isthereafutureforties?Thesignsarenotpromising.Manypolitical

leadersjncludingBritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlair,nowgowithoutties.

23.Paragraph2.

24.Paragraph3.

25.Paragraph4.

26.Paragraph6.

AOriginofthetie

BBritishties

CUselessnessofthetie

DOld-fashionedties

ERoleofthetie

FSignsofatielessera

27.TheBritishMedicalAssociationsuggestedthat.

28.TieswerefirstwornbytheCroatiansoldiers,

29.PeopleworedifferenttiesinBritaininthe19thcenturytoshowthat

30.BritishPrimeMinisterTonyBlairisaman

Atheywereworkmen

Btheywreremembersofdifferentorganizations

Chospitaldoctorsstopwearingties

Dwhodoesnotalwayswearatie

Ewhoservedasmercenariesinmanyconflictsinthe17thcentury

Fwhodoesnotwanttolivelikeaking

【答案】

23.C24.A25.E26.F27.C28.E29.B30.D

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习(5)

RecreationandSports

“AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy"isapopularsayingintheUnited

States.Othercountrieshavesimilarsayings.Itistruethatallofusneedrecreation.

Wecannotworkallthetimeifwearegoingtomaintaingoodhealthandenjoylife.

Goodphysicalandmentalhealthinfactenablesustoworkmoreefficiently.

Everyonehashisownwayofrelaxing.Perhapsthemostpopularwayisto

participateinsports.Thereareteamsports,suchasbaseball,basketball,and

football.Thereareindividualsports,also,suchasgolfandswimming.Inaddition,

hiking,fishing,sidingandmountainclimbinghaveagreatattractionforpeople

wholiketobeoutdoors.Chess,card-playing，anddancingareformsofindoor

recreationenjoyedbymanypeople.

Noteveryonewhoenjoyssportingeventslikestoparticipateinthem.Many

peopleprefertobespectators,eitherbyattendingthegamesinperson,watching

themontelevision,orlisteningtothemontheradio.Whenthereisanimportant

baseballgameorboxingmatch,itisalmostimpossibletogettickets；everyone

wantstoattend.

Itdoesntmatterwhetherweplayafastgameofping-pong,concentrateover

thebridgetable,orgowalkingthroughthewoodsonabriskautumnafternoon.Itis

importantforeveryonetorelaxfromtimetotimeandenjoysomeformof

recreation.

练习：

1.Paragraph2.

2.Paragraphs.

3.Paragraph4.

A)Theimportantofhavingrecreation

B)Therecreationcenters

C)Typeofsports

D)Funofbeingspectators

4.Tokeepfitandenjoylife,allofusmusthave.

5.Participatingindoorsportsoroutdoorsportsisagoodway

6.Manypeoplepreferwatchinggamesto.

7.Itisgenerallybelievedthatthosewhoworkallthetimeanddonotknowhow

torelax，

A)mustbeveryboring

B)somekindofrecreation

C)participatinginthem

D)torelaxoneself

E)tochooseonesownwayofrelaxing

Keys：CDABDCA

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习(18)

VoltsfromtheSky

Lightninghascausedaweandwondersinceoldtimes.AlthoughBenjamin

Franklindemonstratedlightningasenormouselectricaldischargemorethan200

yearsago,manypuzzlesstillsurroundthispowerfulphenomenon.

Thunderisgeneratedbythetremendousheatreleasedinalightningdischarge.

Temperaturesnearthedischargecanreachashighas50,000°Fwithinthousandths

ofasecond.Thissuddenheatingactsasanexplosion,generatingshockwaveswe

hearasthunder.

About2,000thunderstormsareoccurringintheworldatanytime,generating

about100light

ingstrikeseverysecond,or8milliondaily.WithintheUnitedStates,lightning

strikesareestimatedat20millionayear,orabout22,000perday.Youhavea

l-in-600,000chanceofbringstruckbylightningduringyourlifetime.Lightningcan

striketwiceormoreinthesamespot.TheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkisstruck

bylightningabouttwodozentimesannually.

Youcanmeasurehowfaryouarefromalightningstrikebycountingthe

secondsbetweenviewingtheflashandhearingthebang,andthendividingbyfive.

Thisapproximatesthemileage.

练习：1-4题的要求是，从第一个方框的六个选项A、B、C、D、E、F中选出

四个选项为注明的段落各配一个合适的小标题。5-8题的要求是，从第二个方框

的六个选项A、B、C、D、E、F中选出四个选项完成每个句子。

1.Paragraphs2and3

2.Paragraph4

3.Paragraph5

4.Paragraph6

ACloud-to-groundlightningoccurringintheU.S.

BTypesoflightning

CCauseoflightning

DDifferencesbetweenthunderandthunderstorm

EFrequenciesofthunderstormsoccurringintheworldandtheU.S.

FShockwavesasthunder

5.Inmostcasesofcloud-to-groundlightning,thegroundssurface...

6.Oneformoflightningthat...isballlightning...

7.Cloudlightninglookslikearibbonwhenitslightingchannel...

8.Althoughnotfullyunderstandingprocessesoflightning,man...

Aoccursmostinfrequently.

Bisshiftedsidewaysbystrongwinds.

Cisoftenhiddenfromourview.

Disequippedwithagoodknowledgeofvariousformsoflightning.

Eisestimatedat20millionsayear.

Fispositivelycharged.

KEYS：CBFEFABD

职称英语等级考试综合类概括大意练习(16)

MuseumsintheModernWorld

Museumshavechanged.Theyarenolongerplacesfortheprivilegedfeworfor

boredvacationerstovisitonrainydays.Actionanddemocracyarewordsusedin

descriptionsofmuseumsnow.

AtasciencemuseuminOntario,Canada,youcanfeelyourhairstandonend

asharmlesselectricitypassesthroughyourbody.AttheMetropolitanMuseumofArt

inNewYorkCity,youcanlookat17thcenturyinstrumentswhilelisteningtotheir

music.AttheModernMuseuminSweden,youcanputoncostumesprovidedby

theStockholmOpera.Astheseexamplesshow,museumsarereachingouttonew

audiences,particularlytheyoung,thepoor,andthelesseducatedmembersof

thepopulation.Asaresult,attendanceisincreasing.

Theeffectofallthishasbeentochangeexistingmuseumsandtoencouragethe

buildingofnewones.IntheUSandCanadaalone,therearenowmorethan6,000

museums,almosttwiceasmanyastherewere25yearsago.Abouthalfofthemare

devotedtohistory,andtherestareevenlydividedbetweentheartsandsciences.

Thenumberofvisitors,accordingtotheAmericanAssociationofmuseums,has

risentomorethan700millionayear.

Infact,thecrowdsofvisitorsatsomemuseumsarecreatingamajorproblem.

Admissiontomuseumshasalwaysbeeneitherfreeorveryinexpensive,butnow

somemuseumsarechargingentrancefeesforthefirsttimeorraisingtheirprices.

Evenwhenraised，however,entrancefeesaregenerallytoolowtosupporta

museum,withitsusuallylargebuildinganditshighlytrainedstaff.

1.Paragraph2.

2.Paragraph3.

3.Paragraph4.

4.Paragraph5.

ACausesofchanges

BIncreasingnumberofmuseumsandvisitors

C