英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解1

千里之行，始于足下。第2页/共2页精品文档推荐英语语言学考研真题与典型题详解11.3考研真题与典型题详解

I.Fillintheblanks.1.Thefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalled______features.(北二外2006研)

2.Linguisticsisusuallydefinedasthe______studyoflanguage.(北二外2003研)

3.Language,broadlyspeaking,isameansof______communication.

4.Inanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcanbecombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed______

5.Linguisticsisthescientificstudyof______.

6.Modernlinguisticis______inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscoverwhatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

7.Onegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof______overwriting.

8.Thebranchoflinguisticswhichstudiesthesoundpatternsofalanguageiscalled______.(北二外2003研)

9.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsiscalled______.(北二外2004研)

10.______mainlystudiesthecharacteristicsofspeechsoundsandprovidesmethodsfortheirdescription,classificationandtranscription.(北二外2005研)

11.Semanticsand______investigatedifferentaspectsoflinguisticmeaning.(北二外2007研)

12.Inlinguistics,______referstothestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaywordsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orsimply,thestudyoftheformationassentence.(中山大学2008研)

13.______canbedefinedasthestudyoflanguageinuse.Sociolinguistics,ontheotherhand,attemptstoshowtherelationshipbetweenlanguageandsociety.

14.Thebranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofsentenceiscalled_______.(北二外2008研)

15.Saussuredistinguishedthelinguisticcompetenceofthespeakerandtheactualphenomenaordataoflinguistics(utterances)asand.Theformerreferstotheabstractlinguistic

linguisticsystemsharedbyallthemembersofaspeechcommunity,andthelatteristheconcretemanifestationoflanguageeitherthroughspeechorthroughwriting.(人大2006研)

16.Thedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa______study.

17.LinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure’slangueandChomsky’s______.

18.Oneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsis______andparole.TheformeristheFrenchwordfor“language”,whichistheabstractknowledgenecessaryforspeaking，listening，

writingandreading.Thelatterisconcernedabouttheactualuseoflanguagebypeopleinspeechorwriting.Paroleismorevariableandmaychangeaccordingtocontextualfactors.

19.Oneoftheimportantdistinctionsinlinguisticsisandperformance.(人大2006研)

20.Chomskyinitiatedthedistinctionbetween______andperformances.(北二外2007研)

II.MultipleChoice

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTafrequentlydiscusseddesignfeature?(大连外国语学院2008研)

A.Arbitrariness

B.Convention

C.Duality

2.Whichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?(西安交大2008研)

A.tree

B.crash

C.typewriter

D.bang

3.Alinguistregardsthechangesinlanguageandlanguagesuseas______.

A.unnatural

B.somethingtobefeared

C.natural

D.abnormal

4.Whichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarrierscausedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalkaboutanythinginanysituation?A.Transferability.

B.Duality.

C.Displacement.

D.Arbitrariness:

5.Thestudyofphysicalpropertiesofthesoundsproducedinspeechiscloselyconnectedwith______.(大连外国语学院2008研)

A.articulatoryphonetics

B.acousticphonetics

C.auditoryphonetics

6.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueofJacobson’sframeworkoflanguagefunctions?

A.Thereferentialfunctionistoindulgeinlanguageforitsownsake.

B.Theemotivefunctionistoconveymessageandinformation.

C.Theconativefunctionistoclearupintentions,wordsandmeanings.

D.Thephaticfunctionistoestablishcommunionwithothers.

7.Whichofthefollowingisamainbranchoflinguistics?(大连外国语学院2008研)

A.Macrolinguistics

B.Psycholinguistics

C.Sociolinguistics

8.______referstothesystemofalanguage,i.e.thearrangementofsoundsandwordswhichspeakersofalanguagehaveasharedknowledgeof.(西安外国语学院2006研)

A.Langue

B.Competence

C.Communicativecompetence

D.Linguisticpotential

9.Thestudyoflanguageatonepointintimeisa_______study.(北二外2010研)

A.historical

B.synchronic

C.descriptive

D.diachronic

10.“AnrefertoConfuciuseventhoughhewasdead2,000yearsago.”Thisshowsthatlanguagehasthedesignfeatureof_____.

A.arbitrariness

B.creativity

C.duality

D.displacement

11.Thefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreeCentigrade”is.

A.interrogative

B.directive

C.informative

D.performative12.Saussureiscloselyconnectedwith______.(大连外国语学院2008研)A.LangueB.CompetenceC.Etic

III.TrueorFalse

1.Onomatopoeicwordscanshowthearbitrarynatureoflanguage.(清华2000研)

2.Competenceandperformancereferrespectivelytoalanguageuser’sunderlyingknowledgeaboutthesystemofrulesandtheactualuseoflanguageinconcretesituations.

3.Languageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayusedbythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage

4.Arbitrarinessoflanguagemakesitpotentiallycreative,andconventionalityoflanguagemakesalanguagebepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.Asaforeignlanguagelearner,thelatterismereimportantforus.

5.ThefeaturesthatdefineourhumanlanguagescanbecalledDESIGNFEATURES.(大连外国语学院2008研)

6.Bydiachronicstudywemeantostudythechangesanddevelopmentoflanguage.

7.Langueisrelativelystableandsystematicwhileparoleissubjecttopersonalandsituationalconstraints.

8.Languagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

9.Inlanguageclassroomsnowadaysthegrammartaughttostudentsisbasicallydescriptive,andmoreattentionispaidtoth

edevelopinglearners’communicativeskills.

10.Languageisasystemofarbitrary,writtensignswhichpermitallthepeopleinagivenculture,orotherpeoplewhohavelearnedthesystemofthatculture,tocommunicateorinteract.

11.Saussure’sexpositionofsynchronicanalysisledtotheschoolofhistoricallinguistics.

12.Appliedlinguisticsistheapplicationoflinguisticprinciplesandtheoriestolanguageteachingandlearning.

13.Whereverhumansexist,languageexists.(对外经贸2006研)

14.Historicallinguisticsequalstothestudyofsynchronicstudy.

15.Dualityisoneofthecharacteristicsofhumanlanguage.Itreferstothefactthatlanguagehastwolevelsofstructures:thesystemofsoundsandthesystemofmeanings.

16.Prescriptivelinguisticsismorepopularthandescriptivelinguistics,becauseitcantellushowtospeakcorrectlanguage.IV.Explainthefollowingterms.

1.Duality(北二外2010研；南开大学2010研)

2.Designfeatures

3.Competence

4.Displacement(南开大学2010研；清华2001研)

5.Diachroniclinguistics

6.Descriptivelinguistics

7.Arbitrariness(四川大学2006研)

V.Shortanswerquestions

1.Brieflyexplainwhatphoneticsandphonologyareconcernedwithandwhatkindofrelationshipsholdbetweenthetwo.(北外2002研)

参考答案及解析

I.Fillintheblanks.

1.Design(人类语言区不于其他动物交流系统的特点是语言的区不特征，是人类语言特有的特征。)

2.scientific(语言学通常被定义为研究科学的语言，或对语言的科学研究。)

3.verbal(语言是一种口头交流的手段。)

4.productivity(用有限表现无限算是能产性。)

5.language(语言学是对语言的科学研究。)

6.descriptive(发觉语言的规律而别是规定算是描述性。)

7.speech(语言学研究是以口头为基础而别是书面。)

8.Phonology(音系学研究支配语音分布和罗列的规则以及音节的形式。)

9.Morphology(形态学研究词语的内部结构组织。)10.Phonetics(语音学研究语音，以及语音的描写和分类。)

11.pragmatics(语义学研究词作为词的意义，语用学是在语境中研究意义。)

12.Syntax(句法学研究形成正确句子的规则。)

13.Pragmatics(语用学是在语境中研究意义。)

14.Syntax(句法学研究语言中组合成句子的支配规则，或简单地讲，研究句子的构造。)

15.langue；parole(语言指一具语言集团的所有成员共享的抽象语言系统，言语是指语言在实际使用中的实现。)

16.Diachroniclinguistic(历时语言学集中研究几十年或几百年的时

期内两个或比两个更多的语言状况的差异。)

17.Competence(索绪尔的语言与乔姆斯基的语言能力相似，因为二者都指抽象的语言知识，别是实际使用中的语言。)

18.langue(索绪尔用语言和言语来区分讲话者的语言能力和言语上(表达的)的实际表现或语料。)

19.Competence(语言能力指理想的语言使用者对于语言规则的语言知识，语言应用指语言交际中对于语言规则知识的实际使用。)

20.Competence(乔姆斯基提出了语言能力和语言应用的全然区不。)

II.MultipleChoice

1.B(语言的区不性特征要紧是指任意性，双重性，制造性和移位性。)

2.A(crash是一具缩略语，typewriter是复合词，bang是拟声词，因此惟独tree的形成比较任意。)

3.C(语言学家以为语言