哈佛大学幸福课第六课中英文讲义

哈佛大学幸福课第六课中英文讲义请联系网站删除联系网站删除哈佛大学幸福课第六课中英文讲义了个愉快的周末fullongweekend了直入主题oletsjumprightintoit了e的力量ion成为自我实现的预言abouthowbeliefsbecomeselffulfillingprophesiestisthroughthesituation期望及信念ftencreateexpectationsbelievesofpeople变成现实Andthesebelievesbecomereality.什么说社会心理学本质上是从abouthowsocialpsychologyessentially要的实验开始的比如米尔格伦实验联系网站删除mportantexperimentsuchastheMilgrim研究orobediencetoauthority.t试验中囚犯被关在...whereprisonerswereputinorplayed...及看守的角色rsortheroleofwardens完全进入了角色以至于redthatrolesototally中止eraweektheexperimenthadtobestopwhenitwassupposetogoonfortwoweeks.出了一个问题henthequestionweaskedwasKsoweknowthatthesituationispowerfulWeknowthatitmakesadifference.联系网站删除种强大但积极的环境rful将人的最佳状态充分调动起来?inpeople答案是肯定的Andtheanswerisyes.我们对此做了深入分析并谈到了alkingaboutitandwetalkaboutprofessoruttingetheywereactuallyiftheywereyearsyounger人竟然变得年轻了actuallybecameyounger.智力水平提高了Tothepointofhavinghigherlevelsofintelligence.提升了Tothepointofimprovingtheirmemory.也改善了Improvingtheireyesight,improvingtheirhearing.联系网站删除离变长了cebetweenthebonesintheirfingersactually是年轻的迹象ichisasignofyoungerage评及互评都认为atedbyothersaswellasbythemselvesoungerjustbecausetheyactedasiflywasasThepowerofthepositivesituation进行了另一项实验Andthenshedidanothermoreresearchon力检查安排在了飞行模拟器里andputtheminasituationinaflightsimulator.全一样的视力检查eexactsameeyesighttest了theyactuallyperformedbetterjustbecauseofthesituation.联系网站删除然后我们接着继续讲上回结束的地方就是movedonthatwhatweendedlasttime分析影射影射是...boutprimingPrimingis及潜意识两个层面进行canbedoneintheconsciousorsubconsciouslevel.指在我们的意识或潜意识中植入tingaseedplantingabeliefplantingaword一种信念一个词或一幅画面onsciouslyorsubconsciouslyAndhowthatactuallyinfluencesourbehavior.行过一项研究他用"年老"的相关词hereheprimedtopeople实验对象withwordsassociatedwithold.果你们还记得这些词包括皱纹sifyouremembersuchaswrinkles佛罗里达wordssuchasold,wordssuchasFlorida.联系网站删除导致的结果是saresultofthispriming更慢了ipantsinthestudyactuallywalkedslower了oractuallyweremorestooped.行评估时aluatedbyresearchers的实验条件reoftheirconditionmeaningtheydidnt们是被影射了对照词wereprimedwithcontrolwordsjustrandomwords,orwithwordsassociatedwithold.所以通过影射人们的行为tpeopleactuallystartedtobehavedifferently量外界的力量ofthesituationThepoweroftheenvironment联系网站删除enBarghtookitstepfurtherandsaid决定用使用积极的影射比如成就iveprimessuchasachievement成功uchaspersistencesuchassuccesssforexample成就的近义词theyhadtofindasynonymforthewordachievement.射这些词后imedwiththesewordsonintelligencetest记忆力测试的成绩uallyperformedbetterrolgroupwhowasntprimedwiththesewordshresearchersDijksterhuisKnippensberg也进行了影射实验他们找了一批人eyfoundwasthattheybroughtpeople实验进行描述cribeforfutureexperiment不是本次实验联系网站删除riment次实验的典型日常行为及其性格:rtypicalcharacteristicsofthreearchetypes足球流氓秘书及教授asoccerhooliganasecretaryandaprofessor.这三种原型earchetypes他们被告知这是为下次实验做准备ytoldthemthisisforthenextexperiment的描述wherewejustwantpeopletoevaluatethesearchetypes.道的是通过对原型进行描述chetypestheseindividualswereprimed.他们分别被影射为足球流氓秘书primedforasoccerhooliganforasecretaryorforaprofessor.射后他们接受了智力测试联系网站删除theyhavetodointelligencetestsafterwards力测试rthoseprimes球流氓日常行为的人adtodescribethedayofsoccerhooligan最糟rse是智力Intermsofmemory.Intermofintelligence.描述秘书的人esecretaryandthosewhoperformedthe现最好的是描述教授的人werethosewhodescribedtheprofessor.学习yanyharderbefore什么也没有改变除了发生了影射西植入了他们的思想thingplantedfromtheenvironmentintheir联系网站删除的问题是Thequestionthenis,自己创造一个积极的环境selves己受到积极的影射变得更幸福imedbythepositivewherewecanbe等ulandsoon有很多Andthere'smanywaysinwhichwecandoit.家分享几个你们这周的作业之一eresgoingtobeyourassignmentforthisweektstocreateapositiveenvironment几个例子uaresomeoftheexamples人或地方的照片ulovethe这些东西很重要因为即使你不看它们联系网站删除venifyoudontseethem识到它们的存在ouseethemSoonthesubconsciouslevelitsstillthere影射时看不见...那些词peopleareprimedtheydontreallyseethewordhescreenwhenitsthereformini可能看清但大脑却记录了下来theydon'treallyseeit,butitregisters.使你挂了照片但没去看它ndyoudontreallyseeit到它念到它onsciousofitmindfulofitillhasaimpactonyou些你爱的人的照片love你开心的东西无论是纪念品ia联系网站删除术品你最喜欢的艺术品itsflowerswhetheritsartyourfavoriteart办公室都挂了ice我最爱的画由我最爱的艺术家创作nthewallbymyfavoriteartists享一下Andletmesharewithyouafew.我今天带到课堂上来了它们价值连城oughtthemhereTheseareveryvaluable我给它们投了保所以不用担心瞧dthemsoitsnotaproblemSosothisisum艺术生涯第一阶段时的作品rtistfromthefirstphaseofhiscareer你所见充满了有力的线条erypowerfulstrokes从容真是绝了veryintense,verydeliberate,andjustgorgeous.幅Andhereis,画家进入艺术生涯第二阶段istfromthesecondphaseofhiscareer联系网站删除luence过你仍能从中看出同样的特点lyouknowyouseethesametraitthesamepower,thesameintensity.我家墙上SoIhavetheseonmywall.你们介绍一位画坛新秀pcomingartistwhoIwanttointroduceyouto.进入第二阶段phaseyouknow,she'sonlyoneyear'sold.在她妈妈帮助下完成的erMom但是我还是挂在墙上每天提醒我everyday次了mhundredsoftime但还是挂着让我想起我的孩子们联系网站删除thereandIthinkaboutmykids我挂了些其他的...Ialsohaveotheryouknow比他们的画家作品istsworkonmywall过这画thisisprobablynotheardofthisone这是罗丹的《沉思者》isisRodinTheThinker也挂在我的墙上是我最喜欢的雕塑Ihavethisonmywallitsmyfavoritesculpture的另一幅作品AndthenIhaveanotherpiecebyRodinjusttoremindme我生活不仅要沉思还有其他的allaboutthinkingthereareotherthings活更美好thatmakelifemakelifeworthliving.这是罗丹的《吻》thoseofyouwhoknowit东西挂在墙上gainhavethesethingsonyourwall你觉得温暖联系网站删除whereyoufeelwarm心的环境whereit'sfunforyoutobethere.名人名言我喜欢名人名言otes肯定也喜欢andIknowthatmanyofyoulovequotes.eofyouhavesentmeyourfavoritequotes一列名言ywallalistofquotesandtheyarethere我没看它们也能感受到evenifIdon'tseethem,Iseethem.orexampleletsseeifIbroughtsomehere这里呢Yes,heretheyare.当斯总统说的oneisbyJohnQuincyAdams除困难和障碍"联系网站删除whichdifficultiesdisappearandobstaclesvanish".将"坚持"用于影射encehichisonethingthatBarghdidit的人的确变得更坚韧不拔rsistent治.艾略特原名玛丽.安妮.艾凡斯ownasMaryAnneEvens最喜欢的作家她写过"推动rkof步的重任不能等待完人来完成"arddoesnotwaittobedonebyperfectmen周后我会讲到完美主义boutperfectionismwhichisaveryimportant说是非常重要的私人话题verypersonalthingformeinaboutthreeweeks.样Sosheisaverymucharolemodel.加缪说过"在深冬里我终于发现在fwinterIfinallylearned联系网站删除的夏天"thattherewaswithinmeaninvinciblesummer".我走过了艰难困苦ashelpedmethroughdifficultthroughhardtimes.eams的生活vethelifewhichhehasimagined成功不期而遇"onhoursnIhavethesequotesuponmywallandafewothers你们都在课上读到过了fthequotesthatyouveseeninthecourseAndtheyprimemetheyremindme,theycreatetheenvironmentforme.一节讨论艺术及其重要性联系网站删除talkaboutartinthenextsectionanditsimportance把喜欢的书放在手边听听音乐c注意听不要只当背景音乐要让音乐激发你spiresyou摇滚还是痞子阿姆都可以eritsrockywhetheritsEminemwhoeveritisfilmsthatinspireyou能帮你创造积极的环境ocreateanenvironment有助于成长获得成功与产生幸福感civetogrowthtosuccesstowellbeing意识层面上进行的tofthisisdoneonthesubconsciouslevel这就是影射的力量对于影射的研究ichisthepoweroftheprimingAprimingstudies极研究的意义Andfinallythisiswhatpositiveresearchisabout.联系网站删除如果我们总是关注"消极"研究焦虑tantlyfocusonnegativeresearchanxiety分裂症就会被这些研究影射areprimedbythisresearch被这些工作影射创造出现实weareprimedbythiswork.Anditcreatesreality.能知道nowthisindirectlyandconjunctionallyrelatesto山理论有这千丝万缕的联系heIsenbergprincipleon象ouarechangingthephenomenonouaremeasuringaphenomenon是在改变自己youarealsochangingyourself.以通过研究积极环境我们也是在earealsoprimingourselves积极的东西withthepositive.联系网站删除今天包括下周我谈到的很多内容自助运动uallycomesfromtheselfhelpmovementstheselfhelpmovementwasfounded展开wasstartedinthe20thcentury...过思考创建了世界ththeunderstandingthatwecreatetheworld维创建了时间throughourthinking,thatourmindcreatestheworld.Andbookslikethesecameoutbackinthe930's,ThinkingGrowRich.Thisbooksince1930'ssoldover60millioncopies.It'sstillselling.是畅销书不论在美国联系网站删除tssellingitsthebestsellerintheUSabestsellerinAfricaitsthebestsellerinEuropeactonpeopleandheresoneofthethingslleonHillsays"anachieve."你想得到只要你相信你就能够做到teveryourmindcanconceiveandbelieveitcanachieveVeryempowering.各类人群对大众产生了很多影响actonmanydifferentpeopleontheiesoneofthebestsellersinhistory联系网站删除许多人都这一理念吸引为什么peopleweredrawntothismessageWhy没有什么不可能的le影响力的书erveryinfluentialbookPositiveThinkingNormanVincentPeale有美好的希望并全力以赴去追求要有远大的梦想并全力以赴去实现nddaretolivethem要有宏伟的期望并深信不疑"m思考联系网站删除think要你相信就会获得富足oisbelieveandaffluencewillcometoyou的富足tsintrapersonalaffluence是物质的富足whetherit'smonetaryaffluence.大众一直有着巨大吸引力beenthemessagethathasdrawnthemassesandcontinuestodosotoday.llingbooktodaySecret成功的秘密就是所谓的"吸引力法则"tosuccessiswhattheycallthelawofattractionThelawofattractionisthatyouattracttoyourlife想象什么无论你相信什么whateveryouimaging,whateveryoubelieveit.条强大的讯息请联系网站删除联系网站删除inapowerfulmessage出了几百万本lionsofcopiesofthisbookbeingsold话当口仍在热卖Aswespeak,continuetobesold.:相信就会成功Andthemessageisagainsimple:believe,andyouwillachieve;就会实现conceiveanditwillbeconceived.中就会实现Inreality,intheworld,itwillcometoyou.让人信服鼓舞人心Veryconvincing,veryinspiringmessage.条讯息正确吗kedaboutthisandwesawtheRogerBannisterstory他在4分钟准确说是3'59跑完了1英里YouknowonedayorsixweeksafterRogerBannisterrunsamileinminutes,orin3'59,JohnLandyrunsitin3'57.9.请联系网站删除联系网站删除heyearafterrunnersrunthemileinunderminutes有一定奥妙Sothereissomethingtoit相信能办到就有可能实现Oncetheybelieveditwaspossibleitbecamepossible题是dhereistheissuechofwhatsgoingonintheselfhelptodayonatruth个真相过分鼓吹realtruthandthenblowsitoutofproportion的确能创造现实ruthinthefactthatourmindcreatesreality是这不是全部hetruth我们创造了现实或者说是共同创造Wecreaterealityorratherweco-createreality.联系网站删除到外界或者内在的某些影响esomethingoutthereorinthereforexample,whenitcomestoTheSecret.相信自己可能会成功ievethatyouarelikelytosucceed性会变大youaremuchmorelikelytosucceed.苦勤奋与坚持不懈nce败中学习andlearningfromthatfailure.这只是等式的一半而这些自助书籍nandwhattheseselfhelp息往往言过其实效果甚微miseandunderdeliver灭性后果whichattimescanbedestructive.联系网站删除ttraction造了一切rythingthat都因我而变一切都是我的错everythingisuptomeandalsoeverythingismyfault.个极端点的例子ingabusedoldmanresponsibleforbeingparalyzed他自己的责任吗ccidentbyadrunkendriver些事情是我们无法控制的ertainthingsthatareoutthere一切因我而变thateverythingisuptous引力法则决定ythelawofattraction说法短期内可能能让你iptionmaybeintheshorttermforinspiration获得幸福感但是长期来看联系网站删除beingbutinthelongterm只会让人感到挫败内疚不快乐ustrationforguiltandforunhappinessalsoforlesssuccesstthinking就会成为我的心态习惯thenthisisgoingtobemymindset.信心llIneedtodoisbelieveandthen就会滚滚而来allthemoneywillcometome.情就会降临于我Allthesuccessinarelationshipwillcometome.这抹杀了勤奋工作...esawaywiththehardwork败的作用thepersistencewiththefailurethatisnecessaryelofasuccessfulhappyfulfillinghumanlife联系网站删除一段短片Iwanttoshowyouaquickvideo.是我在网上看到的一段广告IsawonlineandIactuallycalledthe家银行索要了原版original.thatthereistodayaboutthepowerofthemind.则广告Justaverycutead.nference儿风景真不错That'salotofgreen.Whatkindofbirdisit?联系网站删除各位我上过一门课程It'sokguys!I'vedoneacourse.itivethinking产生正面的影响ositiveimpactKPositivethoughthasapositiveimpact看着我没事的来Okaycomeon替行动Talkisnosubstituteforaction.思想的力量That'sthepower.苏格兰皇家银行集团RoyalBankofScotlandGroupoodYesyouare请联系网站删除联系网站删除Itcapturespartofthetruthbutnotthewholetruth.看严肃研究research量的解释thepowerofthemind神奇的现象Arealphenomenonactualphenomenonbutone需要通过实验来研究其原理applyrealresearchtoseewhatworksAlbertBandura你们本周的阅读任务rtBanduraonyourreadingaboutforthisweek许多关于自我效能的研究ofselfefficacy信的学术术语whichisessentiallytheacademictermforbelievinginoneself.hereiswhathewritesafterdecadesanddecadesof积极心理学家的奖项请联系网站删除联系网站删除psychologistslastyear很多这方面的研究他是斯坦福大学的教授平机能的质量对逆境的适应力ingresilienceto丧的抵抗力adversityandvulnerabilitytostressanddepression."己的人充满信心ubelieveinthemselveswhohaveconfidence的不同领域都表现出色他还指出ntareasintheirlivesHecontinues高效能者"Peoplewhoregardthemselvesashighlyefficaciousact,think,无用者osewhoperceivethemselves全不同asinefficacious.们创造自己的未来而不是简单地梦想ucetheirownfutureratherthansimplyforetellit说他所说的是请联系网站删除联系网站删除athestalkingabouthereisthat心的人thesepeoplearescribedintheirlives.他们创造自己的人生与那些tetheirownlivesasopposetothosengprescribedbyothersTheyaremoreresilient与挫折的应对力更强lwithhardshipsanddifficulties换句话说能力更强sbettercapacity讨论过应对挫折的问题aswediscussedearliertodealwithdifficulties.究的重要性在于经过长年累月的发现这些能力是可以习得的tcanbelearned培养It'scultivatedovertime.是无用的至少对我们来说是termsofresearch研究他得出结论联系网站删除uldsay只是天生的eoplearebornwithitandothersarenot些人天生就有适应力基因eystartedtotalkabout有theresiliencegene,andothersarenotbornwiththat.是这样e研究表明这些都可以习得的Whathehasshownisthatitcanbelearned.间和经历ittakeseffort后会讨论如何培养andwewilltalkaboutlaterhowwedoit.这些能力是可以锻炼的ingitsmalleable们可以改变它Wecandosomethingaboutit.oncollegeathletes运动员联系网站删除Iknowtherearemanyathletesinthisroom.证明了一旦成为运动员sanathleteanathleteisdeterminedbylevelsof于你坚信自己能取得成功的程度osucceed二节课上edabouttheresearchbyJohnCarter有关商...哈佛商学院毕业生的aboutthebusiness...HBSgraduates.他预测...Wherehepredicted...个因素会影响他们的长期成功ethetwothingspredictedsuccessinthelongterm外成功raordinarysuccessofthesegrads提问tantlyaskingquestions联系网站删除andtwowasthattheybelievedinthemselves.相信自己能行Theythoughttheycoulddowell.识到的是是所有这些差异sthatwasexplained能用希望信念或乐观来解释的书籍想引导我们这么认为asmanyoftheselfhelpbookswouldhaveusbelieve.这些是成功的一部分rtoftheequationofsuccesss多严谨全面的哲学及心理学研究chological尊概念的探究ontheconceptofselfesteem行到自尊课时lvisithimmoreindepthwhenwetalkabout联系网站删除细讲他的研究whenwehavetheweekonself-esteem.引用他的一句话信的程度fourbeliefinourselves的方方面面有着深远的影响urexistenceithpeople位能取得多少成就lyto在个人领域lrealm坠入爱河thwhomwearelikelytofallinlove与配偶孩子及朋友的关系friends人幸福的水平"联系网站删除whatlevelofpersonalhappinessweattain."物质富足与幸福感lowlevelsofcorrelation福感低度线性相关ndwellbeing高度线性相关ghcorrelationbetweenselfesteemandwellbeing究发现两者的相关系数searchwhatwefoundisacorrelationconstructs论文也获得了相同结论ThisiswhatIfoundinmydissertationaswell.自尊非常重要festeemmattersersandwhatwearedoingwhenwe身上的是raiseourlevelsofbeliefinourselves联系网站删除我们在转变精神改变"容器"rechangingtheform世界的角度不同了etheworlddifferently的理解与感悟ivedifferentthings人的方法不同了weexperiencethingsinadifferentway.successesthatwethencelebrate从失败中学习转化为机遇thatwethenlearnfromandturnintoopportunities.的是我们的内在Brandenself-conceptisdestiny."只要你想得到只要你相信你就能够做到"owhateveryourmindcanconceiveitcanfromNapoleonHill.联系网站删除lydifferencebeingthathealso进行了严谨细致的思考与研究archthereandshowsthelimitationofthebelief.的另一个研究ea数都听说过whichmostpeopleknowabout.应ThePlaceboeffect.头痛去看医生otothedoctoryouhaveaheadachethedoctortellsyou:hereIhaveapillforyou.出的Thebestthing.Justcameoutrecently.你的头痛Willhelpyougetovertheheadache.你吃了药头不痛了GivesyouthepillYougetovertheheadache.请联系网站删除联系网站删除不知道的是她给你的其实是糖球uwhatshegaveyouwasasugarpill是因为你以为theadache真治好了真是神药啊itactuallydidhelpyourheadache.Realphenomenamedicine.rosstheriverdicalschoolhere列研究fresearchinthisarea家讲两个ujusttwoofhisstudies一些处在妊娠期tBensondidwasbringingwomenwhohadepregnantandwhohadstomachproblems们都有呕吐恶心的症状请联系网站删除联系网站删除ngtheywerethrowinguptheywere其实挺常见的lycommon在怀孕初期的三个月peciallyinthefirsttrimesterofpregnancy告诉她们m部不适thatwillhelpyouovercomeyourstomachdistress.吐症状Youwontthrowupanymoreafter;thisisaverypowerfulandgoodpill."们ygotover们的胃部就好了theirstomachdistress,theywerebetter.eydidntknowofcoursethiswasjustaplacebodrug联系网站删除justasugarpill.他将实验更进一步tstepfurther有同样胃部不适samestomachdistresswiththesamevomiting她们distress.是这次他给的不再是糖丸steadofasugarpill险性的小剂量的吐根alldosageofipecac你们可能知道吐根...nowwhatipecacis服用的药物联系网站删除It'sadrugthatwetakeifwewanttothrowup.食物中毒吐ethesedrugsanditwillactuallyelicitvomiting这些病人服用了吐根again实验通过了道德审查没有风险creviewsandwasnotdangerousyou这些病人服用了吐根疗呕吐womenweretoldthattheydgetbetter康Andtheydidgetbetter.症状不仅没有出现eipecactheyactuallystopped我给大家读一段摘录自他的《永恒的治疗》联系网站删除推荐这本书whichIhighlyrecommend,TimelessHealing.eRemarkablythepatientsnausea且根胃内水球测量elyandtheirstomachcontractionsasmeasuredthroughtheballoonsreturnedtonormal.seamedicine催吐药的作用sedtheprovenactionofapowerfuldrug存了吐根incaseofpoisoning适的孕妇womenwithdocumentedstomachdistress受的催吐药物theactionofadrugthatshouldhavemadethemevensicker.联系网站删除了病痛Withbeliefalone,theycuredthemselves."说药物没有效果大家回家以后uknowIdontrecommendgoinghomenowand们的室友ouknowgivingyourroommates甚至氰化物youknowipecacorevenworsecyanide然后告诉他们这是维生素CandthentellthemthisisactuallyVitaminC.不会感觉好bablynotfeelbetterorhealthierasaresult实验表明owisthatpowerfuleffect视精神的强大力量ofthemindwhichweshouldn'tdiscard.Weneedtostudyitandunderstand.联系网站删除anotherexperimentthatBensonwrites验是在日本进行的aboutinhisbookThiswasdoneinJapan.种植物过敏toaspecificplant们被蒙着眼睛带进实验室roughtintoalabhadtheireyesclosedandthen物碰触他们一只手臂eseplanttouchtheirforearm然后用另一种植物碰触另一只手臂nttouchtheirotherforearm诉他们哪边是过敏植物andtheydidntknowwhichwaswhich.被过敏植物碰触的手臂ursethatplantthattheywereallergicto会发出了疹子出现过敏反应thearmflaredup.Theywereallergictoitafterall.实验还有另一个条件被告知会过敏的植物eretoldthattheactualdrugplant请联系网站删除联系网站删除他们的左手reallergictotouchedtheirlefthand致过敏的植物thattheywerenotallergicto他们的右手touchedtheirrighthand.hattheywereallergicto是他们的右手而不会导致过敏的rrighthandandtheplantthat们的左手theywerenotallergictotouchedtheirlefthand.所以按理说应该右手起疹子而非左手Sotheyweresupposedtoflareupontheright,notontheleft.他们误以为左边的才是物所以左手起了疹子sonthelefttheirlefthandflareduptheirrighthanddidnot.请联系网站删除联系网站删除themind的这并不是说外在因素不重要theexternaldoesnt中的一切都是被吸引过来的thatwewanttointoour证明了精神antrole对构建我们的生理情感认知ionalcognitiveaswellasexternalreality.会成为自我实现的预言nbecomeselffulfillingprophecies作用的呢?大家分享一个模型一领域大量研究建立起来的Icreatedbasedonalotofresearchinthefield.联系网站删除tiallytriestoexplainhowourbeliefs如何影响我们的表现的ourexpectationsimpactourperformance.剂效应ritsthroughtheplacebodrug还是我们学习体育运动恋爱关系等eritsourperformanceinschoolinsports的表现onshipsineveryareainourlives句话说这盒子里是什么rwordswhatcomesintheboxhere应该有哪些内容?re斡旋于信念期望meswhatmediatebetweenbeliefs表现之间?formanceintherealworld谈两个机制Iwanttotalkabouttwomechanisms.对简单易懂sverystraightforward联系网站删除pleitsmotivation信我能行well可以回忆一下自己的经历ownpastexperiencesenyoubelievethatyoucoulddowellinsomething会非常有动力youaremuchmorelikelytobemotivated为自己希望渺茫inkthatyouarehopelessandhavenochance就很有可能就此放弃无所作为aremuchmorelikelytoresignandnotdoanything会受到激励Youaremuchmorelikelytobemotivatedbefore还是练习hatevertheeventmaybeintraininginpractice十足aswellasduringtheevent,whileit'stakingplace.s联系网站删除ThinkaboutwhatMarvaCollinsdid.她激励学生相信他们能获得成功attheycouldachieve生中能有所作为ttheycouldmakesomethingoutoftheirlives是他们的责任nsibilitythatitwasuptothem们的命运andthatmadeallthedifferenceforthem.vatedtheyworkedhard动力非常重要tivationmakesadifferencengthoughinadditiontomotivationonsistencyorcongruence么意思Whatdosethatmean联系网站删除个人对世界都存在心理图式ouseeweallhaveamentalschemaoftheworld会怎么样是怎么样rldshouldbeortobeor在半空会掉下来hatthingsfallwhenleftinmiddleair为如果我放开这东西ppedthisdactuallyfallschemaaboutmyabilityinmathematics是个优秀的数学家tbeagoodmathematician一领域是否有潜力thatIhavepotentialinthisareaornot.他人的态度也有图式我喜欢这人schemaaboutotherpeopleIlikethisperson好联系网站删除onisanicepersonversus还是那人不好残忍thispersonisjustnotnice,cruel.所以我们对他人对自己people现象都有图式aboutourselvesaboutnaturalphenomenon.Thisisinside,theschema.外部世界Andthen,thereistheoutsideworld.部世界Intheoutsideworld,actualthingstakeplace.下来sisleftinmiddleairitfalls实与我的图式无关Thisis,hasnothingtodowithmyschema.Itsoutside.Ithappensregardlessofmyschema.上的实际潜力联系网站删除图式无关ticsregardlessofmyschema他人certainpersonbehavesgenerouslyandbenevolently慷慨仁慈还是可憎无礼herpeopleorinahatefulmanner图式无关towardotherpeopleregardlessofmyschema.部和外部两个因素isoutside是关键andhereisthekeypoint.不喜欢内部与外部useetheminddosenotlikewhenthereisadiscrepancy差异isinsideandwhatisoutside喜欢两者一致相合keswhenthereisconsistency相合twoandifthereisnocongruence一致联系网站删除生异议感perienceasenseofdissidencethenweexperiencedisease.不对劲ten以我们常常不惜一切让两者统一everythingthatwecantogetthetwoonparagain.外部现实自我思维以符合外部现实omatchtheexternalreality喜欢不一致Wedon'tlikewhenthereisinconsistency.好几种方法afewwaysinwhich建一致性wecancreatethisconsistencyagain.家介绍几个andImgonnasharefour.Theyareinterconnected.联系网站删除elationshipbetweenthereisoverlap帮助你们就此进行思考helpsyoutothinkaboutit间derstandthedialoguethattakesplace对话atisoutside时enthereisadiscrepancy做的就是更新图式nconsistencybetweenthetwoisupdatechema是第一种做法Thisisthefirstthingwecando.lwhenleftinmiddleair我知道了于是我更新图式tedmyschema来以为那人很可恶sactuallyhateful们对别人慷慨仁慈联系网站删除nevolently更新图式他是个好人schemahesaniceperson二种做法econdthingthatwedo种更普遍pensmuchmoreoftenthanthefirstonescardinexternalinformationeanddiscardexternalinformation合图式的外部信息thatdoesn'tmatchourschema.喜欢不一致ontlikethisinconsistency这种不一致stthrowthisinconsistencyout也就是忽视抛弃它otospeakbyignoringitdiscardingit三种方法irdthingwedo联系网站删除weactivelyseekconfirmation.主动寻求验证信息Weactivelyseekconfirmatorydata.kaboutNoandthinkaboutinthereal今年正是选举年youknowweareinthemidstofelectionyear.的票thepersonyouarenotgoingtovotefor过谁orthepersonyoudidn'tvotefor.我们是怎么做的?通常比如twedoVeryoftenletssay到布什总统做了件好事entBushdoingsomethinggoodactuallyfightingforacausethatIbelievein.我之前没给布什投票举例而已hforinstance数情况下我会选择VeryoftenwhatIwoulddoisignore请联系网站删除联系网站删除mation然后寻找有利证据以支持...videncethatwillsuggestor立场willconfirmtomewhyIdontlikeBushinthefirstplace这同样适用于今后的选举比如希拉里或奥巴马Thissameregarding,saythefutureelections,HillaryorObama.欢他们我就会寻找相应证据emIwouldlookforconfirmingevidence么不喜欢他们dislikethemandeveniftheydothings事atIlikeandvalueandbelievein会选择忽视lignorethesethingsanddiscardthem们所做的就是创造另一个现实hatyouaredoinghereyouarecreatingarealitysuchas做过什么恶请联系网站删除联系网站删除erehasBushdoneterriblethingsor或奥巴马做过什么恶asHillaryorObamadidterriblethingswhenweaskthesequestions经完全忽略抛弃正面的东西wecompletelyignore,discard,notseethepositives.们几何性质吗es车上的孩子Youdidn'tseethechildrenonthebus.yes创造现实realitythisconsistency常会采取二者中的一种方法wedoveryoftenoneofthesetwothings.视抛弃要么寻找有利证据积极或消极来支持我们的图式联系网站删除ivetobackupourschema希拉里奥巴马好还是布什好何看法orwhateveritisthatwearethinkingabout.实hingismuchmoredirectlycreatinganewrealityWhatkindofrealityexistedbeforethethofMay1954?lityinwhichfourminutes是人类的极限不可能突破wasthelimitofhumanability.BannisteratdidEdisondosorrywhatdidBannisterdo说可能于是改变了外在现实eality不仅是他自己还有世界上其他赛跑者orld的现实Andsuddenlyanewrealitywascreated.联系网站删除ytheschemawasfourminutesisnotpossiblesisnotpossible式andeveryoneadheredtothisschema.他改变了现实不仅为自己notjustforhimself为其他赛跑者nnerswhowerethere干劲十足的人达成后fterweperformwithhigh人可能也会寻求统一mightlookingforconsistency解读自己表现isleftustodoisinterpretourperformance成功还是不成功好还是坏uccessfulornotsuccessfulandgoodorbad有两种解读方法Andtherearetwoformsofinterpretation.请联系网站删除联系网站删除观解读retationdidIjustgiveAinanexamordidIgetaC.名还是最后一名idIcomelastintheirrace林斯顿大学的冰球赛是赢了还是输了?哈佛加油到底发生了什么?onGoHarvardSowhathappen就是现实客观stherealityItsobjectiveitsobjectiveButthen同时还有由信仰决定的主观解读thereisalsothesubjectiveinterpretationbasedonmybeliefs.举个例子mplewithyou于托马斯.爱迪生的故事ThisisastorytoldaboutThomasEdison.homasEdisonbackinthes研究灯泡ngalongwiththerestofthescientificcommunity请联系网站删除联系网站删除用电发光onthelightbulbongeneratinglightfromelectricity.科学界都在研究这一课题rescientificcommunityormuchofitwasworking所获osuccess爱迪生也不例外ThomasEdisonbeingnoexception.ournalistfromoneofthelocalpapers迪生ametoThomasEdisontointerview时已经非常有名了发明了很多东西ings谈了各种话题weretalkingaboutvariousthings始讲灯泡问题andthentheygottotalkaboutthelightbulb.爱迪生说"爱迪生先生"hejournalistsaidtoEdisonMrEdison力于灯泡研究许多年了you'vebeenworkingonthelightbulbformanyyears.联系网站删除科学界都在进行相同研究fthescientificcommunityhasbeenworkingonit所获"tonoavail."这位记者也知道于是他对爱迪生说ewthatsohetoldEdisonandyoufailed5000times.Giveitup."能知道爱迪生听力不好一项专利就是助听器ofhearinginfactoneofhispatentswasahearingaid.以他对记者说"你说什么emewhatdidyousay那个记者重复"我说你失败了5000次journalistsaidwellIsaidyoufailedtimes放弃吧"爱迪生回答"我没有失败5000次联系网站删除giveitupSoEdisonrespondedIdidn'tfail5000times.Isucceeded5000times.证明了哪些方法行不通"Isucceededinshowingwhatdoesn'twork."formancefailedexperiments不同的解读tinterpretation也其他科学界认定journalistandmanyotherpeople可能达成的udeitsnotpossible观解读nsubjectiveinterpretationofEdisonitsjust走向成功的敲门砖因为是可能的迪生在发明灯泡前就宣布sondeclaredbeforehehadthelightbulbonthestofDecember泡联系网站删除helightbulb明灯泡前Thatwaslongbeforehehaddoneit.erEdisondisplayedtotheworldgeneratinglightfromelectricity.likeinJohnFKennedysaidthattherewouldbeaonthemoonbytheendofthedecade.那时我们连登月的物质条件...forewehadthematerialsnecessaryfor还不具备thertechnologynecessaryfordoingit全世界放话说踏上月球然后创造了现实andsaiditspossibletodoitAndthatcreatedareality.的辛勤工作是分不开的联系网站删除Thatwascoupledwithalotofhardwork.了灯泡allycreatedthelightbulb干坐在实验室说ittinghisroomandsayingIbelievethereforeIwillachieve"会加倍努力believeandIwillworkevenhardernow满怀斗志地工作withmoremotivationandsoon.他的一条名言是"我从失败走向成功"Oneofhismantras,"Ifailedmywaytosuccess."史上最富创造力最多产的科学家ncethatEdisonbyfarthemostcreative不是巧合andproductivescientificgeniusofalltime.dpatentsinhiscareer联系网站删除富创造力的科学家tohimNocoincidencebutthemostsuccessful败次数最多的科学家toryisalsoasfarasweknow不是巧合thescientistwhohadfailedthemosttimes.redepth完美主义时会精讲whenwetalkedaboutperfectionism.学家与艺术家ulscientistsandartiststhroughourhistory最多的werealsotheoneswhofailedthemosttimes.idencethatBabeRuthwhohitduringmanyofthers三振出局最多的联系网站删除emosthomerunsalsohitthemoststrikeouts.easonswasstrikeoutthemosttimesrather往往是uccessfulpeopleinhistoryarealsoveryoften次数最多的thepeoplewhohadfailedthemosttimes.我会反复在课堂上重复sasentencethatIllrepeatitoverandoveragain败中学习lassandhereitislearntofailorfailtolearn败中学习成功别无他法thereisnootherwaytosucceed.他法nootherwaytolearnintermsofhowtowork习如何在科学政治或艺术界otherwaytolearnintermsoflearning得成功别无他法edasscientistorasapoliticianorasanartist请联系网站删除联系网站删除Theartists,asDeanSimontonshowed,whohadthemostdubs,有过最多次挫折最多次失败尝试的艺术家ailedattemptsthroughouthistorywerealso来最成功的艺术家theartistswhowerethemostsuccessfulinthelongrun.成功没有捷径是坐下来思考htojustsitdownandthink不够的andconceiveandbelieve.的比这多得多Weneedtodomuchmorethanthat.chology有关乐观主义和悲观主义的研究fworkonoptimismandpessimism发现Andhereiswhathefound.他发现就目标设定而言oundwasthatwhenitcomestogoalsetting请联系网站删除联系网站删除不论在他们的短期目标shorttermgoals期目标上都很现实aswellasintermsoftheirlongtermgoals.好事That'sgoodthingtobearealistic.和长期目标都很现实ermgoalaswellaslongtermgoalrealistic抱歉乐观主义者与之相反ptimistsarerealisticsorryoptimistsontheother的短期目标设定上并不现实termgoals们的长期目标就很现实ticwhenitcomestotheirlongtermgoals这是怎么回事?让我们再来看这个模型Whyisthat?Well,let'slookatthemodelagain.看悲观主义者tstakethepessimistsfirst他们有某个目标他们的期望低taingoalandtheyhavelowexpectations不高他们不认为自己能做好eliefstheydontthinktheywoulddowell联系网站删除他们的大脑寻求一致tency表现通常取决于eisusuallyaccordingto的信念和期望theirbeliefsandexpectations.他们的理解是我早跟你说了Andtheinterpretationis,Itoldyouso.跟你说了我做不好ItoldyouIcouldn'tdowellhere.异口同声说是的你早就跟我们说了Andtheneveryoneelseinachorussaysyesyoutoldusso是好啊ticofyou主义者超出了自身的期望成功pectations怎么样呢?thenwhathappens这时的解释是低水平的信念pretationislowlevelsofbeliefs联系网站删除解释就是只是走运而已wellitwaslucky火星转到了金星的前面useeveryyearswonthappenagain.或者今天是我的幸运日或者是因为她今天表现得不好hejustplayedverypoorlytoday求一致nthemindlookingforconsistency次地重复这个循环aroundthatloopagainandagain一次变得现实andthenbecomerealisticoncemore.不成功的现实但是现实ealisticbutrealistic目标上horttermaswellasinthelongterm.在来看乐观主义者联系网站删除mistnow者一开始有着很高的信念miststartswithhighlevelsofbeliefs积极性非常高diblyhigh们的大脑寻求一致性表现没那么好kingforconsistencyperformancenotsogood的那么好stheexpectationswere言之就是不现实Inotherwords,unrealistic.是由于信念水平很高他们的解释sofbeliefs观的解释是bjectiveinterpretationis吧如果我从中吸取教训了会怎么样?这是个机会tifIlearnfromitThisisanopportunity次其实做得有进步了就当吸取教训了eactuallygotbetterthistimeWhatifIlearn们依然保持着很高的信念Andtheystillhavehighlevelsofbeliefs望联系网站删除andhighlevelsofexpectations.极性很高大脑寻求积极性现依然不好ormstillnotgood们所期望的那么好不现实yexpectedunrealistic依然是如果我从中吸取教训了会怎么样?hatifIlearnfromit做得好多了I'vegoneevenbetterthisti