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地质工程专业常用英文词汇【实用文档】doc文档可直接使用可编辑,欢迎下载

阐述expound(explain),state地质工程专业常用英文词汇【实用文档】doc文档可直接使用可编辑,欢迎下载引入introduceinto相应的corresponding概念conception概论overview概率probability概念化conceptualize宏观的macroscopic补充complement规划plan证明demonstrate,certify,attest证实confirmation补偿compensate,makeup,imburse算法algorithm判别式discriminant有限元方法finiteelementmethod(FEM)样本单元法sampleelementmethod(SEM)赤平投影法stereographicprojectionmethod(SPM)赤平投影stereographicprojection干扰位移法interferencedisplacementmethod(IDM)干扰能量法interferenceenergymethod(IEM)条分法methodofslices极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod界面元法boundaryelementmethod模拟simulate计算程序computerprogram数值分析numericalanalysis计算工作量calculationload解的唯一性uniquenessofsolution多层结构模型laminatedmodel非线性nonlinear横观各向同性lateralisotropy各向同性isotropy各向异性anisotropy非均质性heterogeneity边界条件boundarycondition本构方程constitutiveequation初始条件initialcondition初始状态restcondition岩土工程geotechnicalengineering,土木工程civilengineering基础工程foundationengineering最不利滑面themostdangerousslipsurface交替alternate控制论cybernetics大量现场调查massfieldsurveys组合式combinedtype相互作用interaction稳定性评价stabilityevaluation均质性homogeneity介质medium层layer,stratum组构fabric1地形地貌geographicandgeomorphic工程地质条件engineeringgeologicalconditions地形地貌条件geographicandgeomorphicconditions地形landform地貌geomorphology,relief微地貌microrelief地貌单元landformunit,geomorphicunit坡度grade地形图reliefmap河谷rivervalley河道rivercourse河床riverbed(channel)冲沟gully,gulley,erosiongully,stream(brook)河漫滩floodplain(valleyflat)阶地terrace冲积平原alluvialplain三角洲delta古河道fossilrivercourse,fossilstreamchannel冲积扇alluvialfan洪积扇diluvialfan坡积裙talusapron分水岭divide盆地basin岩溶地貌karstlandfeature,karstlandform溶洞solutioncave,karstcave落水洞sinkhole土洞Karsticearthcave2地层岩性地层geostrome(stratum,strata)岩性lithologiccharacter,rockproperty岩体rockmass岩层bedstratum岩层layer,rockstratum母岩matrix,parentrock相变facieschange硬质岩strongrock,film软质岩weakrock硬质的competent软质的incompetent基岩bedrock岩组petrofabric覆盖层overburden交错层理crossbedding层面beddingplane片理schistosity层理bedding板理(叶理)foliation波痕ripple-mark泥痕mudcrack雨痕raindropimprints造岩矿物rock-formingminerals粘土矿物claymineral高岭土ﻩkaolinite蒙脱石montmorillonite伊利石illite云母mica白云母muscovite黑云母biotite石英quartz长石feldspar正长石orthoclase斜长石plagioclase辉石pyroxene,picrite角闪石hornblende方解石calcite构造structure结构texture组构fabric(tissue)矿物组成mineralcomposition结晶质crystalline非晶质amorphous产状attitude火成岩igneous岩浆岩magmaticrock火山岩(熔岩)lava火山volcano侵入岩intrusive(invade)rock喷出岩effusiverock深成岩plutonicrock浅成岩pypabysalrock酸性岩acidrock中性岩inter—mediaterock基性岩basicrock超基性岩ultrabasicrock岩基rockbase(batholith)岩脉(墙)dike岩株rockstock岩流rockflow岩盖rocklaccolith(laccolite)岩盆rocklopolith岩墙rockdike岩床rocksill岩脉veindyke花岗岩granite斑岩porphyry玢岩porphyrite流纹岩rhyolite正长岩syenite粗面岩trachyte闪长岩diorite安山岩andesite辉长岩gabbro玄武岩basalt细晶岩aplite伟晶岩pegmatite煌斑岩lamprophyre辉绿岩diabase橄榄岩dunite黑曜岩obsidian浮岩pumice火山角砾岩vulcanicbreccia火山集块岩volcanicagglomerate凝灰岩ﻩtuff沉积岩sedimentaryrock碎屑岩clasticrock粘土岩clayrock粉砂质粘土岩siltyclaystone化学岩chemicalrock生物岩biolith砾岩conglomerate角砾岩breccia砂岩sandstone石英砂岩quartzsandstone粉砂岩siltstone钙质粉砂岩calcareoussiltstone泥岩mudstone页岩shale盐岩saline石灰岩limestone白云岩dolomite泥灰岩marl泥钙岩argillo—calcareous泥砂岩argillo-arenaceous砂质arenaceous泥质argillaceous硅质的siliceous有机质organicmatter粗粒coarsegrain中粒medium-grained沉积物ﻩsediment(deposit)漂石、顽石boulder卵石cobble砾石gravel砂sand粉土silt粘土clay粘粒claygrain砂质粘土sandyclay粘质砂土clayeysand壤土、亚粘土loam砂壤土、亚砂土轻亚粘土sandyloam浮土、表土regolith(topsoil)黄土loess红土laterite泥灰 ﻩpeat软泥 ooze淤泥mire,oozedmud,sludge,warpclay冲积物(层)alluvion冲积的alluvial洪积物(层)proluvium,diluvium,diluvion洪积的ﻩdiluvial坡积物(层) deluvium残积物(层)ﻩeluvium残积的 eluvial风积物(层)ﻩeoliandeposits湖积物(层) lakedeposits海积物(层)ﻩmarinedeposits冰川沉积物(层)glacier(drift)deposits崩积物(层)colluvialdeposits,colluvium残积粘土residualclay变质岩metamorphicrock板岩slate千枚岩phyllite片岩schist片麻岩gneiss石英岩quartzite大理岩marble糜棱岩mylonite混合岩migmatite碎裂岩cataclasite3地质构造地质构造geologicstructure结构构造structuraltexture大地构造geotectonic构造运动tectogenesis造山运动orogeny升降运动verticalmovement水平运动horizontalmovement完整性perfection(integrity)起伏度waviness尺寸效应sizeeffect围压效应confiningpressureeffect产状要素elementsofattitude产状attitude,orientation走向strike倾向dip倾角dipangle,angleofdip褶皱fold褶曲fold单斜monocline向斜syncline背斜anticline穹隆dome挤压squeeze上盘uppersection下盘bottomwall,footwall,lowerwall断距separation相交intersect断层fault正断层normalfault逆断层reversedfault平移断层parallelfault层理bedding,stratification微层理lightstratification地堑graben地垒horst,faultridge断层泥gouge,pug,selvage,faultgouge擦痕stria,striation断裂fracture破碎带fracturezone节理joint节理组jointset裂隙fissure,crack微裂隙finefissure,microscopicfissure劈理cleavage原生裂隙originaljoint次生裂隙epigeneticjoint张裂隙tensionjoint剪裂隙shearjoint卸荷裂隙reliefcrack裂隙率fractureporosity结构类型structuralpattern岩体结构rockmassstructure岩块blockmass结构体structuralelement块度blockness结构面structuralplane软弱结构面weakplane临空面freeface碎裂结构cataclastictexture板状结构platystructure薄板状lamellose块状的lumpy,massive层状的laminated巨厚层giantthick-laminated薄层状的finelylaminated软弱夹层weakintercalatedlayer夹层interbedding,intercalatedbed,interlayer,intermediatelayer夹泥层clayeyintercalation夹泥inter-clay连通性connectivity切层insequent影响带affectingzone完整性integrityn.Integratev.&a。degreeofintegrality破碎crumble胶结cement泥化argillization尖灭taper-out错动diastrophism错动层面faultedbeddingplane断续的intermittent破碎crumble共轭节理conjugatedjoint散状loose透镜状的lens-shapeda。岩石碎片crag岩屑cuttings,debris薄膜membrane,film层理stratification高角度highdipangle缓倾角lowdipangle反倾anti-dip互层interbedv.Interbeddingn。起伏的unplanar波状起伏的undulate,undulating粒径particlesize构造层tectonosphere挤压compression均一的homogeneous剪切错动面shearfaulted,beddingzone切割dissection切割的dissected致密close,compact构造岩tectonite糜棱岩mylonite断层角砾岩faultbreccia方解石脉calcitevein碎块岩clasticrock角砾breccia岩粉rockpowder岩屑debris,debry固结consolidation定向排列orientedspread构造应力tectonicstress残余应力residualstress4水文地质条件hydrogeologicalconditions水文循环hydrologiccycle大气圈atmosphere水圈hydrosphere岩石圈geosphere地表径流surfacerunoff地下径流subsurfacerunoff流域valley,drainagebasin流域面积drainagearea,riverbasinarea汇水面积catchmentarea地下水groundwater,subsurfacewater地表水surfacewater大气水atmosphericwater气态水aqueous(vapour)water液态水liquidwater固态水solidwater上层滞水perchedwater潜水phreaticwater承压水confinedwater吸着水hygroscopic(adsorptive)water介质medium空隙void孔隙水压力porewaterpressure渗透压力osmoticpressure,seepageforce扬压力upliftpressure静水压力hydrostaticpressure外静水压力externalhydrostaticpressure动水压力hydrodynamicpressure渗透力seepagepressure外水压力externalwaterpressure内水压力internalwaterpressure水力联系hydraulicinterrelation水力折减系数hydraulicreductioncoefficient水头损失waterheadloss渗透途径filtrationpath,seepagepath渗透系数penetrationcoefficient潜水位watertablelevel水位waterlevel,stagelevel水头waterhead含水层aquifer弱含水层(弱透水层)aquitard滞水层aquiclude透水层permeablelayer,perviouslayer不透水层(隔水层)aquifuge,imperviouslayer,impermeablelayer,aquiclude潜水含水层phreaticaquifer承压含水层confinedaquifer,artesianaquifer承压面bearingsurface潜水面phreaticsurface,watertable浸润线phreaticcurve不透水边界imperviousboundary地下分水岭groundwaterridge粘滞性viscosity富水性abundance透水性(渗透性)permeability淋滤(溶滤作用)lixiviation,leaching反滤层invertedgravelfilter水锈incrustation渗滴seep饱和saturation,saturated潜水位变化带zoneofvariablephreaticlevel气象因素meteorologicalfactor饱水带zoneofsaturation包气带aerationzone,zoneofaeration包气带水aerationzonewater上层滞水perchedwater孔隙水porewater裂隙水fissurewater岩溶水karsticwater结合水boundwater,combinedwater吸着水hydroscopicwater薄膜水pellicularwater毛细水capillarywater重力水gravitationalwater凝结水condensationwater地下水埋藏条件conditionofgroundwateroccurrence地下水埋藏深度depthofgroundwateroccurrence压水试验packerpermeabilitytest抽水试验pumpingtest5物理力学性质物理力学 physicalmechanicsn.ﻩﻩﻩPhysico—mechanicala.屈服准则yieldcriteria米赛斯屈服准则VonMisesyieldcriteria朗肯土压力理论Ranking’searthpressuretheory剑桥模型ﻩﻩCambridgemodel,Cam—model邓肯-张模型 Duncan-changmodel本构方程 ﻩconstitutiveequation局部剪切破坏 localshearfailure整体剪切破坏ﻩgeneralshearfailure岩体完整性指数intactnessindexofrockmass安全系数 factorofsafety埋深 ﻩembedmentdepth试件ﻩﻩ coupons挠度 ﻩﻩdeflection里氏震级ﻩ Richterscale设计烈度ﻩﻩdesignintensity基本烈度 basicintensity场地烈度siteintensity地震烈度 ﻩseismicintensity,intensityscale卓越周期 ﻩpredominantperiod持力层 ﻩsustainedyield超载ﻩ surcharge围岩压力ﻩﻩsurroundingrockstress附加压力 superimposedstress应力松弛 ﻩstressrelaxation应力路迳 ﻩstresspath卸荷unload渗透率 specificpermeability饱和度ﻩ degreeofsaturation含水量ﻩﻩmoisturecontent平均粒径 meandiameter颗粒 ﻩﻩgrain,granule,particle颗粒级配ﻩdistributionofgrain-size,ﻩgraincomposition,sizedistribution级配ﻩgraduation,grain-sizedistribution,gradation,grading粒度ﻩﻩﻩcoarsenessgrainsize,granularity,lump不均匀系数coefficientofnon-uniformity, variationcoefficient,variationfactor颗粒分级ﻩ gradation,sizegrading孔隙水porewater孔隙比 ﻩvoidratio(ration)空隙率 airvoids孔隙率ﻩporosity裂隙率 crackity溶隙率ﻩﻩkarstity密度density重度ﻩﻩunitweight,bulkweight浮重度ﻩ buoyantunitweight折减系数reductionfactor压力消散dissipationofpressure抗力系数coefficientofresistance软化系数softeningcoefficient含水量watercontent稠度consistency塑限 ﻩﻩplasticlimit液限ﻩﻩﻩliquidlimit塑性指数 ﻩplasticityindex液性指数 liquidityindex流变rheological蠕变creep塑性 plastic脆性ﻩ ﻩbrittleness(fragility)粘性 stickness刚性ﻩﻩ rigidity弹性的elastic粘弹性viso-elasticity弹塑性elasto-plasticity压缩性compressibility均质性ﻩﻩhomogeneity非均质性 nonhomogeneity(heterogeneity)各向同性ﻩﻩisotropy各向异性ﻩ anisotropy总应力totalstress有效应力effectivestress超孔隙水压力excessporepressure孔隙水压力porewaterpressure抗压强度ﻩﻩcompressivestrength抗拉强度ﻩﻩtensilestrength抗剪强度shearstrength不排水抗剪强度undrainedshearstrenght峰值抗剪强度ﻩpeaksharestrength长期抗剪强度 long—termshearstrength残余抗剪强度 residualshearstrength负摩擦力 ﻩnegativeskinfriction,dragdown摩擦角angleoffriction内摩擦角 angleofinternalfriction外摩擦角ﻩ angleofexternalfriction内聚力 cohesion粘聚力cohesion假凝聚力 ﻩpseudo—cohesion粘着力adhesion摩尔圆Mohr’scircle包络线envelope休止角angleofrepose,angleoffriction(repose,rest),reposeangle峰值peak模量modulus弹性模量modulusofelasticity,Young'smodulus,elasticmodulus压缩模量modulusofcompressibility变形模量modulusofdeformation卸荷模量 unloadingmodulus切线模量ﻩ tangentmodulus剪切模量 shearmodulus割线模量 secantmodulus旁压模量ﻩﻩpressurmetermodulus泊松比poisson’sration固结consolidation固结系数coefficientofconsolidation固结度 ﻩdegreeofconsolidation超固结比overconsolidationration应变strain压缩比compressibilityratio压缩系数coefficientofcompressibility压缩指数compressionindex初始曲线virgincurve正常固结土ﻩnormallyconsolidatedsoil欠固结土 ﻩunder—consolidatedsoil超固结土 over—consolidatedsoil被动土压力ﻩpassiveearthpressure主动土压力ﻩactiveearthpressure静止土压力 earthpressureatrest覆盖压力ﻩ overburdenpressure初始应力ﻩﻩinitialstress地应力场 ﻩground(geostatic)stressfield有效应力ﻩﻩeffectivestress动应力ﻩ dynamicstress动荷载ﻩﻩdynamicload偏心荷载 eccentricloads循环荷载ﻩﻩinclinedloads地应力groundstress,geostaticstress初始应力initialstress应力场stressfield纵波ﻩ longitudinalwave液化势ﻩ liquefactionpotential液化指数ﻩ liquefactionindex交角 ﻩangular岩石抗力系数 coefficientofrockresistance容许承载力 allowablebearingcapacity临塑压力 criticalpressure接触压力ﻩﻩcontactpressure6工程地质问题工程地质问题engineeringgeologicalproblem定性评价qualitativeestimate定量评价quantitativeestimate极限平衡法limitequilibriummethod不良地质现象unfavorablegeologicalcondition风化weathering变形deformation位移displacement不均匀位移 differentialmovement相对位移 ﻩrelativedisplacement沉陷settlement山崩avalanche,toppling崩塌toppling,topplingcollapse滑坡、地滑creep,slide切层滑坡insequentlandslide深层滑坡deepslide浅层滑坡shallowslide顺层滑坡consequentlandslide滑动面slidingsurface,slidingplane,slipsurface滑动带slidingzone滑床slidebed滑坡体slide(sliding)mass古滑坡fossillandslide推移式滑坡slumpingslide牵引式滑坡retrogressiveslide管涌piping,internalerosion渗漏leakage流砂quicksand渗流seepage液化liquefaction7工程勘察engineeringinvestigation工程地质勘察 engineeringgeologyinvestigation岩土工程勘察 geotechnicalinvestigation工程地质条件ﻩengineeringgeologicalcondition工程地质评价ﻩengineeringgeologicalevaluation勘测 ﻩsurvey岩芯采取率 corerecovery,coreextraction岩芯获得率RQD(岩石质量指标)rockqualitydesignation程序(步骤)ﻩprocedure勘察阶段ﻩﻩinvestigationalstage选点踏勘reconnaissance初步设计primarydesign初步规划preliminaryscheme初步勘探preliminaryprospecting初步踏勘groundreconnaissance可行性研究阶段feasibilitystage初步设计阶段ﻩpreliminarystage施工阶段 constructionsage踏勘ﻩﻩ reconnaissance,inspection地质测绘ﻩﻩgeologicalsurvey工程地质测绘ﻩengineeringgeologicalmapping钻探 boreholeoperation,boring物探 geophysicalexploration洞探 exploratoryadits钎探 ﻩﻩrodsounding坑探ﻩﻩﻩexploringmining槽探ﻩ ﻩtrenching天然建材调查naturalmaterialssurveying(examination)岩土工程勘察报告geotechnicalinvestigationreport鉴定ﻩ ﻩidentification,appraisal鉴定书ﻩ expertisereport鉴定人 identifier,surveyor校核ﻩ verification总监ﻩ chiefinspector比例ﻩ proportion地形图ﻩﻩgeographicmap地貌图 geomorphologicalmap地质图ﻩﻩgeologicalmap工程地质图 engineeringgeologicalmap实测地质剖面图field-acquiredgeologicalprofile(section)构造地质图ﻩgeologicalstructuremap第四纪地质图ﻩquarternarygeologicalmap地质详图ﻩ detailmapofgeology地质柱状图 geologiccolumnarsection,geologiclog钻孔柱状图 logsofborehole纵剖面图longitudinalsection横剖面图 ﻩcrosssection展示图 revealdetailmap节理玫瑰图ﻩroseofjoints基岩等高线ﻩbedrockcontour层底等高线ﻩcontourofstratumbottom岩层界线 ﻩstrataboundary岩面高程 ﻩelevationofbedrocksurface坐标ﻩ ﻩcoordinate分层ﻩﻩ bedseparation地质点 ﻩgeologicalobservationpoint勘探点 exploratorypoint(spot)勘探线 ﻩexploratoryline勘探孔ﻩ explorationhole平洞ﻩ adit竖井 riser,shaft,verticalshaft探槽ﻩ ﻩexploratorytrench探井ﻩ exploratorypit钻孔 ﻩ borehole,drillhole机钻孔 ﻩordinarydrillhole套钻孔 sleevedrillhole管钻孔ﻩﻩpipedrillhole岩芯ﻩ core岩芯钻探 coredrilling回转钻探(进)rotarydrilling冲击钻探 churndrilling,percussiondrilling钢砂钻探 shotdrilling铁砂钻进 ﻩironshotdrilling跟管钻进 follow—downdrilling振动钻进 ﻩvibro—boring,vibro—drilling泥浆钻探 mudflushdrilling金刚石钻进 diamonddrilling单动式 ﻩsingleacting双层ﻩﻩﻩdoublelayer空气钻探ﻩ airflushdrilling钻机 ﻩﻩdrillingrig钻头 ﻩdrillbit,drillingbit螺旋钻头 auger勺钻 spoonbit冲击钻头ﻩ percussionbit,choppingbit桶式钻头 bucketauger钻杆 ﻩﻩdrillrod套管 ﻩ casing岩芯管ﻩ corebarrel冲洗掖 flushfluid正循环冲洗ﻩdirectcirculation反循环冲洗 reversecirculation泥浆ﻩmud,slurry泥皮 ﻩmudcake护壁 dado止水 ﻩﻩseal,waterseal扫孔 ﻩcleaningbottomofhole钻进drilling平硐adit竖井shaft钻探drillingboring8工程地质试验击实试验compactiontest压缩试验 ﻩcompressiontest固结试验ﻩ consolidationtest单轴试验uniaxialcompressiontest现场剪切试验in-situsheartest单剪试验simplesheartest直剪试验directsheartest慢剪试验ﻩ slowtest单剪试验 ﻩsimplesheartest快剪试验 quicktest三轴剪切试验triaxialsheartest三轴压缩试验triaxialcompressiontest动三轴试验dynamictriaxialtest不固结不排水剪试验unconsolidatedundrainedtest(quicktest)固结不排水剪试验consolidatedundrainedtest(consolidatedquicktest)固结排水试验consolidateddrainedtest(slowtest)原位测试 ﻩin-situtest现场监测ﻩ on-site(in—site)monitoring现场检测 ﻩon—site(in—site)inspection观测孔ﻩﻩobservationborehole静力触探试验conepenetrationtest,staticpenetrationtest,staticconetest标贯试验standardpenetrationtest十字板剪切试验vanesheartest,vanetest检层法 up—holemethod,boreholemethod旁压试验ﻩﻩpressuremetertest动力触探试验dynamicpenetrationtest,dynamicsounding点荷载试验 pointloadtest岩石试验ﻩ rocktest应力解除法stressreliefmethod应力恢复法stressrecoverymethod套孔法over-coringmethod9岩土体加固掌子面 breast,drivingface,headingface,tunnelface顶拱ﻩ vault底拱 ﻩinvert洞室开挖ﻩ excavation超挖ﻩﻩﻩoverbreak风钻 ﻩﻩpneumaticdrill开挖断面excavatedsection塌落ﻩ slump细骨料混凝土 concretemadewithfineaggregate细骨料ﻩﻩfineaggregate,fineadjustment料场ﻩ ﻩstockground土料ﻩﻩﻩearthmaterial矿渣ﻩcinder,mineralwaterresidue,scoria,slag性能ﻩfunction,performance,property,nature凝结coagulate,congeal,congealment,coagulation合格ﻩﻩﻩqualified,ontest,uptostandard初凝ﻩﻩﻩinitialset初凝时间 initialsettingtime终凝 ﻩ finalset配合比ﻩ mixproportion塌落度 slump水化热 heatofhydration,hydrationheat,settingheat水灰比 ﻩwater-cementratio粉煤灰ﻩ flyash梅花状 ﻩquincuncialpattern喷射 ﻩshotcrete浇注 ﻩpouring钢筋网 ﻩcoiremesh加固ﻩ ﻩreinforce锚杆ﻩ anchoredbar,rockbolt锚索ﻩ anchoredcable锚紧端 anchorstation锚桩ﻩﻩ anchoredpeg采石场 rockquarry开挖ﻩ excavation清基ﻩﻩﻩcleanupfoundation明挖ﻩﻩﻩopen—cut爆破ﻩ explosion光面爆破 smoothblasting预裂法ﻩﻩpresplitting10水工概论坝址ﻩ ﻩtoeofdam坝踵heel坝段ﻩ ﻩmonolith坝顶 ﻩ crest坝肩ﻩ shoulders左坝肩ﻩﻩleftdamabutment副坝ﻩﻩ saddledam三坝址 ﻩthethirddamsite标高 ﻩﻩheightmark上游水位ﻩ headwater正常库水位ﻩnormalreservoirlevel地下洞室undergroundopening(tunnel)压力隧洞ﻩﻩpressuretunnel无压隧洞ﻩﻩgravitytunnel交通洞ﻩ accesstunnel灌浆洞 groutingtunnel明流洞 free-flowtunnel孔板洞 orificetunnel排砂洞 ﻩsedimenttunnel尾水洞ﻩﻩtailracetunnel排水洞 drainagetunnel导流洞ﻩ diversiontunnel隧道tunnel围岩surroundingrock,ambientrock围岩应力secondarystressstatic应力集中stressconcentrate覆盖层overburden冒顶cavein,rooffall底鼓bottomheave回弹rebound岩爆rockburst冻结法freezingmethod超载overbreak衬砌lining围堰cofferdam堤dike近坝岸坡abutments施工(收缩)缝constructionjoint心墙core截水墙cutoffwall防渗墙 ﻩdiaphragmwall排水井 drainagewells排水幕drainagecurtain减压井ﻩﻩreliefwells反滤层ﻩﻩfilterzone灌浆材料ﻩﻩgrout水力劈裂hydraulicfracturing帷幔线 ﻩcurtainline上游围堰 upstreamcofferdam混凝土防渗墙 concretecutoffwall截流 ﻩinterimcompletion导水墙 channeltrainingwall正常溢洪道渠首工程ﻩservicespillwayheadwork消力塘ﻩﻩlinedplungepool隔墙 dividerwalls混凝土护坦 concreteapron副厂房ﻩﻩauxiliarypowerhouse闸门室ﻩ gatechamber中闸室ﻩ midgatechamber开关站 ﻩswitchyard电梯井 elevatorshaft尾水渠ﻩ tailrace非常溢洪道ﻩemergencyspillway11桥梁及基础工程江阴大桥ﻩﻩJiangyinBridge悬索桥 suspensionbridge锚碇 anchorage重力式嵌岩锚gravitysocketedanchorage北锚碇前(后)锚面front(back)surfaceofnorthernanchorage塔墩 ﻩ tower墩pier散索鞍 splaysaddle猫道 ﻩﻩfootbridge主缆 maincable索股 ﻩﻩcablestrand主鞍ﻩ ﻩmainsaddle,towersaddle主跨ﻩﻩﻩmainspan边跨ﻩﻩﻩsidespan引桥 approach钢箱梁 ﻩsteelboxmaingirder埋深embedmentdepth北塔墩基础 northtowerbase基础foundation,footing浅基础shallowfoundation深基础deepfoundation联合基础combinedfooting筏形基础ﻩ raft(mat)foundation钢模 steelform桩ﻩﻩ pile基桩foundationpile群桩 pilegroups桩基础 ﻩpilefoundation桩承台pilecap高桩承台high-risepilecap低桩承台buriedpilecap摩擦桩frictionpile端承桩endbearingpile嵌岩桩socketedpile板桩sheetpile旋喷桩jet-groutedpile灌注桩cast—in—placepile沉管灌注桩drivencast-in—placepile支护桩soldierpiles,tangentpiles刚性桩ﻩ rigidpile柔性桩ﻩﻩflexiblepile侧向受荷桩 laterallyloadedpile轴向受荷桩ﻩaxiallyloadedpile预制桩ﻩﻩprecastconcretepile振动打桩vibratorypiledriving振动钻进vibratorydrilling沉箱caisson沉井(沉箱) (open)caisson地下连续墙diaphragmwall,slurrywall支撑bracing超载surcharge接触应力contactpressure井点降水well-pointdewatering桩极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacityofpile承载力bearingcapacity阻力resistance桩端阻力endresistance表面摩擦力skinfriction粘着系数adhesionfactor负摩擦力negativeskinfriction安全系数factorofsafety压缩层compressedlayer附加应力additionalstress,superimposedstress持力层bearinglayer,sustaininglayer地基土foundationsoil,subsoil临塑压力criticalpressure剪切破坏shearfailure地基失效foundationfailure冲剪破坏punchingfailure渐进破坏progressivefailure容许荷载allowableload极限承载力ultimatebearingcapacity沉降settlement沉降差differentialsettlement尾部倾斜angulardistortion倾斜tilting坑底隆起bottomheave静止土压力earthpressureatrest稳定数stabilitynumber路堤embankment地基处理groundtreatmentsoilimprovement垫层cushion加固stabilization注浆injection灌浆guniting帷幕curtain挡土墙retainingwall锚固anchoring喷浆guniting锚杆earthanchor盲沟Frenchdrain振冲法vibrojet12监测仪器观测孔observationbore/hole仪器观测instrumentation读数装置readoutdevice传感器transducer探头probe压力盒pressurecell振弦式应变计vibratingwirestraingauge伸长计、变位计extensionmeter板式沉降仪foundationbase/pate测斜仪inclinometer测压计,渗压计piezometer垂线plumb垂直度plumbness13安全监控可靠性检查reliabilitychecking监控模型monitoringandpredictionmodel监测monitoring资料datum,data可靠性reliability稳定性stability安全safety评估evaluation,appraise评定assessment,assess,rate评价准则criterion灾害hazard,calamity确定性方法论Deterministicmethodology应急行动计划EAP(emergencyactionplan)事故accident紧急状态emergency紧急检查emergencyinspection灾情等级hazardclassification灾害评价hazardevaluation风险评估riskassessment静力(StaticAnalysis)动力(DynamicAnalysis)蠕变(CreepMaterialModel)渗流(Fluid-mechanicalInteraction)热力学(ThermalOption)headwarderosion溯源侵蚀scouringofleveeorbank淘刷stronglyweatheredsiliceousrockmasswithquasi-lamellarweaklyweatheredsiliceousrockmasswithquasi-lamellarofcontinuallyaftershocksof7or8-degreeintensityEvidently明显的Correspondinglyadv。

相应地;相关地;相同地thehangingwalloftriggeringseismicfaultoblique~beddingbankslope专业外语(为方便记忆,跟上面稍有重复)综合类geotechnicalengineering岩土工程foundationengineering基础工程soil,earth土soilmechanics土力学cyclicloading周期荷载unloading卸载reloading再加载viscoelasticfound粘弹性地基viscousdamping粘滞阻尼shearmodulus剪切模量soildynamics土动力学stresspath应力路径土的分类residualsoil残积土 groundwaterlevel地下水位groundwater地下水groundwatertable地下水位clayminerals粘土矿物secondaryminerals次生矿物landslides滑坡boreholecolumnarsection钻孔柱状图engineeringgeologicinvestigation工程地质勘察boulder漂石cobble卵石gravel砂石gravellysand砾砂coarsesand粗砂mediumsand中砂finesand细砂siltysand粉土clayeysoil粘性土clay粘土siltyclay粉质粘土silt粉土sandysilt砂质粉土clayeysilt粘质粉土saturatedsoil饱和土unsaturatedsoil非饱和土fill(soil)填土土的基本物理力学性质ccCompressionindexcuundrainedshearstrengthcu/p0ﻩratioofundrainedstrengthcutoeffectiveoverburdenstressp0(cu/p0)NC,(cu/p0)ocsubscriptsNCandOCdesignatednormallyconsolidatedandoverconsolidated,respectivelycvaneﻩcohesivestrengthfromvaneteste0 ﻩnaturalvoidratioIpﻩﻩplasticityindexK0ﻩﻩcoefficientof“at—rest"pressure,fortotalstressesσ1andσ2K0’ﻩﻩdomainforeffectivestressesσ1‘andσ2’K0nﻩ K0fornormallyconsolidatedstateK0uﻩﻩK0coefficientunderrapidcontinuousloading,simulatinginstantaneousloadingoranundrainedconditionK0dK0coefficientundercyclicloading(frequencylessthan1Hz),asapseudo-dynamictestforK0coefficientkh,kvpermeabilityinhorizontalandverticaldirections,respectivelyNblowcount,standardpenetrationtestOCRover—consolidationratiopcpreconsolidationpressure,fromoedemetertestp0effectiveoverburdenpressurepsspecificconepenetrationresistance,fromstaticconetestquﻩ ﻩunconfinedcompressivestrengthU,Umﻩ degreeofconsolidation,subscriptmdenotesmeanvalueofaspecimenu,ub,um porepressure,subscriptsbandmdenotebottomofspecimenandmeanvalue,respectivelyw0wLwpﻩnaturalwatercontent,liquidandplasticlimits,respectivelyσ1,σ2principalstresses,σ1‘andσ2’denoteeffectiveprincipalstresses渗透性和渗流Darcy’slaw达西定律piping管涌flowingsoil流土sandboiling砂沸flownet流网seepage渗透(流)leakage渗流seepage(force)pressure渗透压力permeability渗透性hydraulicgradient水力梯度coefficientofpermeability渗透系数五.地基应力和变形softsoil软土(negative)skinfrictionofdrivenpile打入桩(负)摩阻力effectivestress有效应力totalstress总应力fieldvaneshearstrength十字板抗剪强度lowactivity低活性sensitivity灵敏度triaxialtest三轴试验foundationdesign基础设计recompaction再压缩bearingcapacity承载力soilmass土体contactpressure接

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