2022届湖南省雅礼十六校高三第二次大联考英语试题（教师版含解析）

大联考雅礼十六校2022届高三第二次联考英语总分：150分时量：120分钟注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷和答题卡指定位置上.2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号.回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上.写在本试卷上无效.3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：Howdoesthemusicmakethemanfeel?A.£19.15.B.£9.18.C.£9.15.答案是C。1.WhyisAnnsoupset?AShedidn’tpassoneofherexams.B.Sheisworryingaboutotherlessons.C.Shedidn’tfinishhermathhomework.2.Whatdoesthewomanusuallyeat?A.Junkfood.B.Healthyfood.C.Deliveredfood.3.Whatwillthemanprobablydotostaywarm?A.Turnontheheater.B.Useablanket.C.Drinksomehotchocolate.4.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Theman’shobby.B.Theman’stravelplan.C.Theman’splanaftergraduating.5.Whatdothespeakersthinkofthepainting?A.Simple.B.Colorful.C.Complex.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inanofficedowntown.B.Inanapartmentdowntown.C.InanapartmentintheEastEnd.7.Whatdoesthemanwanttodonow?A.Gettowork.B.Gotoarestaurant.C.Visitthewoman’scompany.听第7段材料，回答第8、9题。8.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Classmates.C.Cousins.9.Howhasthemantriedtocontacthisbrother?A.Hesenthimatext.B.Hewenttohishouse.C.Helefthimavoicemail.听第8段材料，回答第10至12题。10.Whichsubjectisdifficultforthewoman?A.Math.B.History.C.Chemistry.11.Whencanthewomanhavetutoring?A.OnTuesdays.B.OnThursdays.C.OnFridays.12.WhoisinchargeoftheGiftedProgram?AMrs.Lee.B.Mr.Hobart.C.Mr.Jennings.听第9段材料，回答第13至16题。13.What’smostprobablythewoman’sjob?A.Adiver.B.Alifeguard.C.Aswimminginstructor.14.Whocalledtheambulance?A.Thewoman.B.Oneofthestudents.C.Theman’scolleague.15.Whendidtheambulancearrive?A.In5minutes.B.In10minutes.C.In20minutes.16.Howdidthegirlreactwhensheawoke?A.Shecriedoutloud.B.Shewentbackinthepool.C.Shedidn’tknowwhathappened.听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17.Whoismakingtheannouncement?A.Thefootballteamcoach.B.Theschoolnewspapereditor.C.Thestudentgovernmentpresident.18.Howmanynewteamsareaddedthisyear?A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.19.Whatcantheartclubmembersdo?A.Enjoydancingnights.B.Visitthelocalmuseum.C.Attendconcertsforfree.20.Whyshouldstudentsjoinastudentorganization?A.Toenjoythemselves.B.Tokeepupwithworldnews.C.Toimproveacademicperformance.第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ANewYear’sFoodAroundtheWorldHoppin'John,AmericanSouthAmajorNewYear'sfoodtraditionintheAmericanSouth,Hoppin'Johnisadishofpork-flavoredfieldpeasorblack-eyedpeas(symbolizingcoins)andrice,frequentlyservedwithcollardsorothercookedgreens(asthey'rethecolorofmoney)andcornbread(thecolorofgold).Thedishissaidtobringgoodluckinthenewyear.Differentfolkloretracesthehistoryandthenameofthismeal,butthecurrentdishhasitsrootsinAfricanandWestIndiantraditionsandwasmostlikelybroughtoverbyslavestoNorthAmerica.ArecipeforHoppin'Johnappearsasearlyas1847inSarahRutledge's"TheCarolinaHousewife"andhasbeenreinterpretedoverthecenturiesbyhomeandprofessionalchefs.ThedishreportedlygotitsnameinCharleston,SouthCarolina,anditisaveritablestapleofLowcountrycooking.Twelvegrapes,SpainThepeopleofSpaintraditionallywatchabroadcastfromPuertadelSolinMadrid,whererevelersgatherinfrontofthesquare'sclocktowertoringintheNewYear.Thoseoutinthesquareandthosewatchingathomepartakeinanunusualannualtradition:Atthestrokeofmidnight,theyeatonegrapeforeverytolloftheclockbell.Someevenpreptheirgrapes--peelingandseedingthem--tomakesuretheywillbeasefficientaspossiblewhenmidnightcomes.Thecustombeganattheturnofthe20thcenturyandwaspurportedlythoughtupbygrapeproducersinthesouthernpartofthecountrywithabumpercrop.Sincethen,thetraditionhasspreadtomanySpanish-speakingnations.Sobanoodles,JapanInJapanesehouseholds,familieseatbuckwheatsobanoodles,ortoshikoshisoba,atmidnightonNewYear'sEvetobidfarewelltotheyeargonebyandwelcometheyeartocome.Thetraditiondatesbacktothe17thcentury,andthelongnoodlessymbolizelongevityandprosperity.Inanothercustomcalledmochitsuki,friendsandfamilyspendthedaybeforeNewYear'spoundingmochiricecakes.Sweet,glutinousriceiswashed,soaked,steamedandpoundedintoasmoothmass.Thengueststaketurnspinchingoffpiecestomakeintosmallbunsthatarelatereatenfordessert.1.WhichcitymayyoutraveltoifyouwanttotastefruitsonNewYear’sEve?A.SavannahB.RiodeJaneiroC.MadridD.Sapporo2.Thesetraditionssharethefollowingfeaturesexcept______A.Theysymbolizepeople’shopefortheupcomingyear.B.AllofthemarenoteatenatmidnightonNewYear’sEve.C.Theyreflectthevaluesofanationtoacertaindegree.D.Theyhadtheirorigininthecountryside.3.Inwhichofthemagazinewillyouprobablyfindthisarticle?A.FoodandHealthB.FamousCuisineC.GlobalCultureD.DelicacyHunt【1~3题答案】【答案】1.C2.D3.C【解析】【导语】本文是应用文。文章介绍了世界各地的新年食物。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的“ThepeopleofSpaintraditionallywatchabroadcastfromPuertadelSolinMadrid,whererevelersgatherinfrontofthesquare'sclocktowertoringintheNewYear.(西班牙人传统上在马德里的索尔港观看广播，狂欢者们聚集在广场的钟楼前迎接新年。)”和第五段的“Thoseoutinthesquareandthosewatchingathomepartakeinanunusualannualtradition:Atthestrokeofmidnight,theyeatonegrapeforeverytolloftheclockbell.(那些在广场上和在家里观看的人享受着一种不同寻常的年度传统：午夜钟声敲响时，每敲一次钟就吃一颗葡萄。)”可知，如果你想在新年前夕品尝水果可以去马德里。故选C。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Differentfolkloretracesthehistoryandthenameofthismeal,butthecurrentdishhasitsrootsinAfricanandWestIndiantraditionsandwasmostlikelybroughtoverbyslavestoNorthAmerica.(不同的民间传说追溯了这顿饭的历史和名字，但现在的这道菜起源于非洲和西印度群岛的传统，很可能是由奴隶带到北美的。)”可知，这个传统不是起源于农村。故D项“它们起源于农村”是不正确。故选D。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据文章标题“NewYear’sFoodAroundtheWorld”和下文的三个段落小标题可知，文章讲述的是世界各地的新年食物，因此推断最有可能在杂志的美食栏目发现它。故选C。BEverwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords?Yes,sayresearchersastheyhavefoundthattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthemonlyfourtimes.Whilepreviousevidenceseemstoshowthatmostdogsdonotlearnwords,unlesseventuallyverywelltrained,afewindividualshaveshownsomeextraordinaryabilities,accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScientificReports.“Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmaylearnnovelwords,”saidresearcherxuekwClaudiaFugazzafromtheEötvösLorándUniversityinHungary.Forthestudy,theteaminvolvedtwogifteddogs,WhiskyandVickyNina.Theteamexposedthedogstothenewwordsintwodifferentconditions.Intheexclusion-basedtask,presentedwithsevenknowntoysandonenewtoy,thedogswereabletoselectthenewtoywhenpresentedwithanewname.Researcherssaythisprovesthatdogscanchoosebyexclusionwhenfacedwithanewword,theyselectedtheonlytoywhichdidnothaveaknownname.However,thiswasnotthewaytheywouldlearnthenameofthetoy.Infact,whentheywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynewnametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname,thedogsgottotallyconfusedandfailed.Theothercondition,thesocialone,wherethedogsplayedwiththeirownerswhopronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog,provedtobethesuccessfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy,evenafterhearingitonly4times.“Therapidlearningthatweobservedseemstoequalchildren’sabilitytolearnmanynewwordsatafastratearoundtheageof18months,”Fugazzasays.“Butwedonotknowwhetherthelearningmechanisms(机制)behindthislearningarethesameforhumansanddogs.”Totestwhethermostdogswouldlearnwordsthisway,20otherdogsweretestedinthesamecondition,butnoneofthemshowedanyevidenceoflearningthetoynames,confirmingthattheabilitytolearnwordsrapidlyintheabsenceofformaltrainingisveryrareandisonlypresentinafewgifteddogs.4WhatwasthepurposeofthestudypublishedinScientificReports?A.Tobettertraindogs’abilitytolearnnewwords.B.Tofurtherconfirmpreviousevidenceaboutdogs.C.Toproveextraordinarymemoryabilitiesofgifteddogs.D.Toexplorefavorableconditionsforgifteddogs’new-wordlearning.5.Howdidthedogsreactwhenexposedtotwonewnamesinthefirstcondition?A.Slowtounderstand. B.Quicktolearn. C.Ataloss. D.Inapanic.6.Whatwasfoundaboutdogs’new-wordlearninginthesocialcondition?A.Learningthroughplayingappliedtomostdogs.B.Thesocialconditionhelpeddogslearnnewwords.C.Dogs’new-wordlearningturnedouttobelesseffective.D.Dogssharedsimilarlearningmechanismswithchildren.7.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GiftedDogsCanLearnNewWordsRapidly.B.DogsIdentifyNewly-namedToysbyExclusion.C.DogsCanAcquireVocabularythroughTonsofTraining.D.GiftedDogsHaveSimilarLearningAbilitiestoHumans.【4~7题答案】【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A【解析】【分析】本文为一篇说明文，介绍了狗狗通过训练能够学习新的单词。【4题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段“‘Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmaylearnnovelwords,’saidresearcherxuekwClaudiaFugazzafromtheEötvösLorándUniversityinHungary.”(匈牙利EötvösLoránd大学的研究员ClaudiaFugazza说:“我们想知道这些有天赋的狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。)可知研究的目的是想探索出狗在什么情况下可以学习新单词。故选D。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据第五段“Infact,whentheywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynewnametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname,thedogsgottotallyconfusedandfailed.”(事实上，当给它们一个同样的新名字来测试它们通过名字识别玩具的能力时，狗完全困惑了，并失败了。)可知，在第一种环境下狗非常的困惑。故选C。【6题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Theothercondition,thesocialone,wherethedogsplayedwiththeirownerswhopronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog,provedtobethesuccessfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy,evenafterhearingitonly4times.”(另一种情况是社会性的，在这种情况下，狗狗和它们的主人一起玩耍，主人在和狗狗玩耍的同时念出了玩具的名字。结果证明，即使只听了4次，狗狗也能成功地记住玩具的名字。)可推出，在社会性条件下可以帮助狗狗学习新的单词。故选B。【7题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Everwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords?Yes,sayresearchersastheyhavefoundthattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthemonlyfourtimes.”(想知道狗狗能不能学会新单词吗?是的，研究人员称，因为他们发现，聪明的狗狗可能只听四次就能掌握新单词。)以及文章中的案例，可知本篇文章主要讲述的是有天赋的狗能快速学习新单词。故选A。CIntherecentnearlyfourdecades,privateprisonsintheU.S.havebeenwidelydenouncedandcriticizedbypeoplefromallwalksoflifeforfrequentscandals.Lastyear,UNhumanrightsexpertsurgedtheU.S.to“eliminateallfor-profitdetentionfacilities”,sayingthat“detaineesshouldnotbecomeunitsforprofit,”accordingtoanarticlepublishedonthewebsiteoftheUN.Inthe1980s,inanefforttoeasetheburdensonovercrowdedpublicprisons,theU.S.governmentstartedtocontractsomecompaniestorunprivateprisonsandpaythemforservices.Overthepastnearly40years,privateprisonshaveexpandedrapidlyandformedahighlyprofitableindustryandhugelobbyinggroups.AccordingtodatareleasedbythewebsiteofTheSentencingProject,aWashington-basedadvocacygroup,in2019,about116,000prisonerswereheldinprivateprisonsintheU.S.,representing8percentofthecountry’stotalstateandfederalprisonpopulation.Meanwhile,morethan30stateswereinpartnershipwithcompaniesrunningprivateprisons.Theprimarygoalofprivateprisonsistoprofitfromanythingtheydealin.There’softenaprisonbedoccupancyguaranteeclauseinthecontractsbetweenU.S.federal,state,andlocalgovernmentsandprivateprisonoperators,whichstipulatesthatthegovernmentshouldguaranteeacertainoccupancyrateinprisonbeds;andiffailingtoreachtherate,itwillneedtopaycompensationstoprivateprisonoperators.AstudyconductedbytheWashingtonStateUniversityfoundthatprivateprisonsleadtoanaverageincreaseof178newprisonerspermillionpopulationperyearandlongersentences,especiallyinnonviolentcrimesthathavemoreleewayinsentencingguidelines,accordingtothestudy.Privateprisonoperatorshavemadebiggainsfrominmateservices.AccordingtoreportsofU.S.media,in2020,CoreCivicgenerated$1.9billioninrevenue,82.2percentofwhichcamefromitsprivateprisonoperations.Inthesameyear,therevenueoftheGEOgroupreached$2.3billion.MostprivateprisonsintheU.S.areill-equipped.Theyusuallybuildtheirfacilitiestominimumstandardsrequiredbycontractswithgovernments,inabidtoreduceoperatingcosts.Besides,privateprisonsareoftenunderstaffedandcorrectionalofficersthereareofvaryingquality.Furthermore,someprivateprisonsconniveingangstersandbullies“maintaining”orderinprisons.PrivateprisonsintheU.S.haveturnedprisonersintomodern-dayslaves.Inmatesinprivateprisonsareforcedintohigh-intensityandlonghoursofworkbutarepaidfarlessthanthestatutoryminimumhourlywageinthecountry.Theirbasichumanrightsarehardlyguaranteed.AmericanjournalistShaneBauerhadbeenundercoverasaprisonguardataprivateprisoninWinnfield,Louisiana.Heexposedchaoticphenomenaintheprison,includingforcedlabor,exploitation,violence,maltreatment,andcorruption.“AterrifyinglookintooneofAmerica’sdarkestanddeepestongoingembarrassments,”commentedwell-knownU.S.literarywebsiteLiteraryHubonthebook.8.Theinitialpurposetosetupprivateprisonswasto________.A.Providetheprisonerswithworseconditiontomakethemrealizetheirfault.B.Improvethecongestedsituationinstate-ownedprisons.C.Createhugeprofitforprisonoperatingcompanies.D.RespondtotherequestofUNhumanrightsexperts.9.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph4?A.Toillustratethedarksideofprivateprisons.B.TocriticizetheinjusticeinAmericanjudiciary.C.Toexplainhowthissystemgoevil.D.Tostresstheinequalityinsidetheprison.10.TheunderlinedwordinParagraph8probablymeans_______.A.LegalB.AppropriateCTheoreticalD.Required11.Wecanlearnfromthepassagethat______.A.Mostoftheprisonersarenowlockedupinprivateprisons.B.Theequipmentintheprivateprisonsfailedtomeetthefederalstandard.C.Themafia-stylegovernanceexistsinsomeprivateprisons.D.ShaneBauerconveyedhisregretfortheUSdirectlyinhisbook.【8~11题答案】【答案】8.B9.C10.A11.C【解析】【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国私人监狱里存在的混乱现象，包括强迫劳动、剥削、暴力、虐待和腐败。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的“Inthe1980s,inanefforttoeasetheburdensonovercrowdedpublicprisons,theU.S.governmentstartedtocontractsomecompaniestorunprivateprisonsandpaythemforservices.(上世纪80年代，为了减轻拥挤不堪的公立监狱的负担，美国政府开始与一些公司签约，经营私人监狱，并为它们支付服务费用。)”可知，建立私人监狱最初的目的是为了改善公立监狱的拥挤状况。故选B。【9题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段内容“Theprimarygoalofprivateprisonsistoprofitfromanythingtheydealin.There’softenaprisonbedoccupancyguaranteeclauseinthecontractsbetweenU.S.federal,state,andlocalgovernmentsandprivateprisonoperators,whichstipulatesthatthegovernmentshouldguaranteeacertainoccupancyrateinprisonbeds;andiffailingtoreachtherate,itwillneedtopaycompensationstoprivateprisonoperators.(私立监狱的主要目标是从他们所从事的任何事情中获利。在美国联邦、州和地方政府与私人监狱经营者之间的合同中，经常有监狱床位占用保证条款，规定政府应保证监狱床位有一定的占用率；如果不能达到这个标准，它将需要向私人监狱运营商支付赔偿。)”可知，本段介绍了私人监狱的目标是为了获利，如果不能达到一定获利，政府就必须支付赔偿，因此推断本段主要讲述这个体系是如何有害的。故选C。【10题详解】词句猜测题。前文“PrivateprisonsintheU.S.haveturnedprisonersintomodern-dayslaves.(美国的私立监狱已经把囚犯变成了现代的奴隶)”和最后一句“Theirbasichumanrightsarehardlyguaranteed.(他们的基本人权很难得到保障)”可知，在私人监狱里囚犯被恶劣对待，因此推断划线句句意：私立监狱的囚犯被迫进行高强度和长时间的工作，但其工资远低于该国的法定最低时薪工资。划线词与A项意思相近，说明囚犯的工资远远低于法定最低工资。故选A。【11题详解】细节理解题。根据第七段的“AmericanjournalistShaneBauerhadbeenundercoverasaprisonguardataprivateprisoninWinnfield,Louisiana.Heexposedchaoticphenomenaintheprison,includingforcedlabor,exploitation,violence,maltreatment,andcorruption.(美国记者沙恩·鲍尔曾在路易斯安那州温恩菲尔德的一所私人监狱里卧底担任狱警。他揭露了监狱里的混乱现象，包括强迫劳动、剥削、暴力、虐待和腐败。)”可知，在一些私人监狱里存在黑手党式管理。故选C。DOnemorning,whenGregorSamsawokefromtroubleddreams,hefoundhimselftransformedinhisbedintoahorribleinsect.Helayonhisarmor-likeback,andifheliftedhisheadalittlehecouldseehisbrownbelly,slightlydomedanddividedbyarchesintostiffsections.Thebeddingwashardlyabletocoveritandseemedreadytoslideoffanymoment.Hismanylegs,pitifullythincomparedwiththesizeoftherestofhim,wavedabouthelplesslyashelooked.“What’shappenedtome?”hethought.Itwasn’tadream.Hisroom,aproperhumanroomalthoughalittletoosmall,laypeacefullybetweenitsfourfamiliarwalls.Acollectionoftextilesampleslayspreadoutonthetable—Samsawasatravellingsalesman—andaboveittherehungapicturethathehadrecentlycutoutofanillustratedmagazineandhousedinanice,gildedframe.Itshowedaladyfittedoutwithafurhatandfurscarfwhosatupright,raisingaheavyfurmuff(暖手筒)thatcoveredthewholeofherlowerarmtowardstheviewer.Gregorthenturnedtolookoutthewindowatthedullweather.Dropsofraincouldbeheardhittingthewindow,whichmadehimfeelquitesad.“HowaboutifIsleepalittlebitlongerandforgetallthisnonsense,”hethought,butthatwassomethinghewasunabletodobecausehewasusedtosleepingonhisright,andinhispresentstatecouldn’tgetintothatposition.Howeverhardhethrewhimselfontohisright,healwaysrolledbacktowherehewas.Hemusthavetrieditahundredtimes,shuthiseyessothathewouldn’thavetolookattheflounderinglegs,andonlystoppedwhenhebegantofeelamild,dullpaintherethathehadneverfeltbefore.Hethought,“WhataheavycareeritisthatI’vechosen!Travellingdayinanddayout.Doingbusinesslikethistakesmuchmoreeffortthandoingyourownbusinessathome,andontopofthatthere’sthecurseoftravelling,worriesaboutmakingtrainconnections,badandirregularfood,contactwithdifferentpeopleallthetimesothatyoucannevergettoknowanyoneorbecomefriendlywiththem.”Hefeltaslightitchuponhisbelly;pushedhimselfslowlyuponhisbacktowardstheheadboardsothathecouldlifthisheadbetter;foundwheretheitchwas,andsawthatitwascoveredwithlotsoflittlewhitespotswhichhedidn’tknowwhattomakeof;andwhenhetriedtofeeltheplacewithoneofhislegshedrewitquicklybackbecauseassoonashetouchedithewasovercomebyacoldtremble.Heslidbackintohisformerposition.“Gettingupearlyallthetime,”hethought,“itmakesyoustupid.You’vegottogetenoughsleep.Othertravellingsalesmenlivealifeofluxury.Forinstance,wheneverIgobacktotheguesthouseduringthemorningtocopyoutthecontract,thesegentlemenarealwaysstillsittingthereeatingtheirbreakfasts.Ioughttojusttrythatwithmyboss;I’dgetkickedoutonthespot.Butwhoknows,maybethatwouldbethebestthingforme.IfIdidn’thavemyparentstothinkaboutI’dhavegiveninmynoticealongtimeago,I’dhavegoneuptothebossandtoldhimjustwhatIthink,tellhimeverythingIwould,lethimknowjustwhatIfeel.He’dfallrightoffhisdesk!Andit’safunnysortofbusinesstobesittingupthereatyourdesk,talkingdownatyourinferiorsfromupthere,especiallywhenyouhavetogorightupclosebecausethebossishardofhearing.Well,there’sstillsomehope;onceI’vegotthemoneytogethertopayoffmyparents’debttohim—anotherfiveorsixyearsIsuppose—that’sdefinitelywhatI’lldo.That’swhenI’llmakethebigchange.“Firstofallthough,I’vegottogetup,mytrainleavesatfive.”12.Accordingtothepassage,Gregorinitiallybelieveshistransformationisa________.A.curseB.diseaseC.nightmareD.fraud13TheauthormostlikelyincludesadescriptionofGregor’sitchinparagraph4to________.A.remindthereaderthatGregorhasalreadyturnedintoaninsectB.stressthedisconnectionbetweenGregor’sthoughtsandhisactualsituationC.presentimportantdetailsaboutwhatGregor’snewbodylookslikeD.showthatGregor’sthoughtsarefocusedonthechangestohisbody14.ThepassagemoststronglysuggestswhichofthefollowingaboutGregor’sattitudetowardhisprofession?A.Heisangry.B.Heiseagertoplease.C.Heisdepressed.D.Heisdiligent.15.Themainrhetorical(修辞的)effectofthefinalsentenceoftheexcerpt(“Firstofallthough,I’vegottogetup,mytrainleavesatfive.”)isto________.A.provideasolutiontotheconflictGregorfacesB.foretelltheconflictbetweenGregorandhisbossC.illustrateGregor’sflexibilityandabilitytomoveonD.emphasizeGregor’sextremesenseofduty【12~15题答案】【答案】12.C13.B14.A15.D【解析】【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章选自FranzKafka的小说《变形记》。节选部分叙述了文章的主人公Gregor在早晨醒来时发现自己变成了一只可怕的虫子。文章叙述了Gregor为了养活家人尽心尽责，常年奔波在外。辛苦支撑着整个家庭的花销。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Onemorning,whenGregorSamsawokefromtroubleddreams,hefoundhimselftransformedinhisbedintoahorribleinsect.(一天早晨，格里高尔·萨姆沙从噩梦中醒来，发现自己躺在床上变成了一只可怕的虫子。)”可知，发现自己在床上变成了一只可怕的虫子让格里高尔·萨姆沙觉得是一场噩梦。故选C。【13题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hefeltaslightitchuponhisbelly;pushedhimselfslowlyuponhisbacktowardstheheadboardsothathecouldlifthisheadbetter;foundwheretheitchwas,andsawthatitwascoveredwithlotsoflittlewhitespotswhichhedidn’tknowwhattomakeof;andwhenhetriedtofeeltheplacewithoneofhislegshedrewitquicklybackbecauseassoonashetouchedithewasovercomebyacoldtremble.(他感到肚子上有点痒；慢慢地把自己背朝床头板推了起来，这样他就能更好地抬起头来；他找到了痒的地方，发现痒上布满了许多白色的小斑点，他不知道是怎么回事；当他试着用一条腿去摸那个地方的时候，他很快就把腿缩回去了，因为他一摸到腿，就感到一阵寒颤。)”可知，本段描述Gregor的痒的情况，是强调他的大脑无法与他的行动保持联系，即思维和实际情况断开联系了。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第四段“Hethought,“WhataheavycareeritisthatI’vechosen!Travellingdayinanddayout.Doingbusinesslikethistakesmuchmoreeffortthandoingyourownbusinessathome,andontopofthatthere'sthecurseoftravelling,worriesaboutmakingtrainconnections,badandirregularfood,contactwithdifferentpeopleallthetimesothatyoucannevergettoknowanyoneorbecomefriendlywiththem.”(他想：“我选择了一个多么沉重的职业啊!日复一日地旅行。像这样做生意比在家里做生意要花更多的精力，除此之外，还有旅行的诅咒，担心换乘火车，糟糕和不规律的食物，总是要接触不同的人，所以你永远无法了解任何人或与他们友好。”)”和文章第五段“Well,there’sstillsomehope;onceI’vegotthemoneytogethertopayoffmyparents’debttohim—anotherfiveorsixyearsIsuppose—that’sdefinitelywhatI’lldo.That’swhenI’llmakethebigchange.(好吧，还是有希望的；等我攒够了钱，还清了父母欠他的债——我想再过五六年——我肯定会这么做。那是我要做出重大改变的时候。)”可知，一旦有机会，就会改变现状，不做这份工作，由此可知，他对工作的态度是愤怒的。故选A。【15题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“IfIdidn’thavemyparentstothinkaboutI’dhavegiveninmynoticealongtimeago,I’dhavegoneuptothebossandtoldhimjustwhatIthink,tellhimeverythingIwould,lethimknowjustwhatIfeel.He’dfallrightoffhisdesk!Andit’safunnysortofbusinesstobesittingupthereatyourdesk,talkingdownatyourinferiorsfromupthere,especiallywhenyouhavetogorightupclosebecausethebossishardofhearing.Well,there’sstillsomehope;onceI’vegotthemoneytogethertopayoffmyparents’debttohim—anotherfiveorsixyearsIsuppose—that’sdefinitelywhatI’lldo.That’swhenI’llmakethebigchange.(如果我没有父母要考虑，我早就辞职了，我早就去找老板，告诉他我的想法，告诉他我想说的一切，让他知道我的感受。他会从桌子上摔下来!坐在你的办公桌前，居高临下地对你的下属说话是一件很有趣的事情，尤其是当你不得不近距离地面对老板，因为老板听力不好。好吧，还是有希望的；等我攒够了钱，还清了父母欠他的债——我想再过五六年——我肯定会这么做。那是我要做出重大改变的时候。)”和文章最后一段““Firstofallthough,I’vegottogetup,mytrainleavesatfive.”(“首先，我得起床了，火车5点开。”)”可知，Gregor为父母着想，为了还债，做了一份自己不喜欢的工作。虽然抱怨工作的辛苦，但为了实现自己的目标，还是会努力的。由此可以推断出他是一个有责任心的人。所以最后一句“Firstofallthough,I’vegottogetup,mytrainleavesatfive.”是表明他是一个非常有责任心的人。故选D。第二节(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Toachievesomething,youneedtherightmindset.Youneedamindsetthatknowsyoucansucceedatwhatyouareaimingfor.____16____Belowaresomepointers.Youcomplainaboutlife.____17____Doyoufindyourselfcomplainingaboutyoursituation,orwhatotherpeoplehavesaidordone?Ifyoudo,itmeansthatyoudonotaccepttherealityofyoursituationorpast.Thatcausesstress.Ratherthancomplain,ifyouhavethepower,youshouldchangeyoursituation.Ifyoucannotchangeyoursituation,thenyouneedtoacceptit.Ifsomethingcannotbechanged,thenyoumustchangeyourattitudeaboutit.Youwantapain-freelifeDon'tfearpain.Painisapartofliving.Youcannottravelnewpathsandattainsuccesswithoutthepainofhardwork,takingrisksandmakingmistakes.Finally,painmakesyoustronger.____18____Ratherbepleasedthatyouhavetheopportunitytolearnnewlessons.YoublameothersforyourproblemsIfyoufeelangerandresentmentagainstothers,blamingthemforyourproblems,thenyouneedtochangeyourmindset.____19____Theyonlymakeyoubitter.Insteadofbeingangry,choosetolearnandgrowfromnegativeexperiences,andthenletthemgo.Fromtoday,youcanchooseyourownpathanditstartswithchoosingyourthoughts.Aneffectivemindsetisonethatmakesthebestuseofyourtime,energyandskillstomakepositivechange.____20____A.Don’tcomplainorworryaboutpain.B.Watchwhatyousaytoyourselfandothers.C.Yourmindsetwilldetermineyourfuturepath.D.Doyouknowhowtohavetherightmindset?E.Youwillseeitdoesn’tservetobenefityourprogress.F.Thesenegativethoughtswillnotchangeotherpeople.G.Howdoyouknowifyouneedtochangeyourmindset?【16~20题答案】【答案】16.G17.B18.A19.F20.C【解析】【分析】本文是说明文。良好的心态有助于我们的取得成功，本文介绍了判断自己是否有良好的心态的方法和如何改变不良心态。【16题详解】根据下文“Belowaresomepointers.”(下面是一些参考指标。)并结合下文各段小标题句意可知，各段列举的都是不良的心态的表征。说明此处要提到提到改变不良心态。各段小标题正是对G项“Howdoyouknowifyouneedtochangeyourmindset?”(你怎么知道你是否需要改变你的心态?)的回答。故选G项。【17题详解】下文“Doyoufindyourselfcomplainingaboutyoursituation,orwhatotherpeoplehavesaidordone?”(你有没有发现自己在抱怨自己的处境，抱怨别人说了什么或者做了什么?)在要求自己要留意自己的语言。B项“Watchwhatyousaytoyourselfandothers.”(注意你对自己和别人说的话。)正好概括这一话题。故选B项。【18题详解】根据下文中Rather(adv.相反；而是)可知前后句有对比关系。“Ratherbepleasedthatyouhavetheopportunitytolearnnewlessons.”(相反，应该为你有机会得到新的教训而感到高兴。)与A项Don’tcomplainorworryaboutpain有对比关系。故选A项。【19题详解】下文“Theyonlymakeyoubitter.”中出现了指示代词They,设空处需要给出其指代对象，另外句中only说明前后句句意有一定程度的对比关系。F项“Thesenegativethoughtswill