附录 R应用程序代码求解多元统计问题

附录R应用程序代码求解多元统计问题附表R应用程序

R软件是一个开放的完全免费的自由软件，具有强大的数据统计分析力量和作图功能。利用R软件，可以很便利地实现数据整理与统计分析。关于R软件的下载和安装，只需打开网页/，对于Windows用户，可以连续点击DownloadRforWindows进入下载页面，下载完毕后就像一般的Windows软件安装即可。安装完毕之后，程序会默认在桌面创建R主程序的快捷方式，通过点击该快捷方式，可以调出R的主窗口。然后本书的程序都可以直接拷贝到主窗口运行。本书的程序均在R-2.15.2上运行过。

第一章R程序#数据读入

#C=read.csv(file=file.choose(),head=T)#依据弹出的名目框选择文件存放的位置并打开。C=read.csv(\需要转变工作名目到数据文件存放的名目内colMeans(C)#每列求平均值cov(C)

cor(C)#由于窗口显示不了太多的数据，需要借助输出命令来猎取计算结果write.table(cor(C),file=\输出结果存放在工作名目#例1.1

C1=C[1:12,1:3];C1colMeans(C1)cov(C1)cor(C1)

cor.test(~X1+X2,data=C1)#相关性检验cor.test(~X1+X3,data=C1)cor.test(~X2+X3,data=C1)#例1.2

D=read.csv(\

outline=function(x,txt=TRUE){if(is.data.frame(x)==TRUE)#轮廓图x=as.matrix(x);m=nrow(x);n=ncol(x)

plot(c(1,n),c(min(x),max(x)),type=\xlab=\for(iin1:m){lines(x[i,],col=i)if(txt==TRUE){k=dimnames(x)[[1]][i]text(1+(i-1)%%n,x[i,1+(i-1)%%n],k)}}}outline(D)

outline(scale(D))#数据标准化后的轮廓图stars(D)#星图

stars(D,full=FALSE,draw.segments=TRUE,key.loc=c(5,0.5),mar=c(2,0,0,0))#半幅星图

119

library(aplpack)#加载脸谱图的程序包faces(D)#脸谱图#例1.3

D=read.csv(\

unison<-function(x){if(is.data.frame(x)==TRUE)

x<-as.matrix(x);t<-seq(-pi,pi,pi/30);m<-nrow(x);n<-ncol(x);f<-array(0,c(m,length(t)))for(iin1:m){f[i,]<-x[i,1]/sqrt(2)

for(jin2:n){if(j%%2==0)f[i,]<-f[i,]+x[i,j]*sin(j/2*t)elsef[i,]<-f[i,]+x[i,j]*cos(j%/%2*t)}}

plot(c(-pi,pi),c(min(f),max(f)),type=\main=\UnisongraphofData\xlab=\ylab=\

for(iin1:m)lines(t,f[i,],col=i)}unison(D)

其次章R程序#图2.1rm(list=ls())

x=seq(from=-5,to=10,by=0.01)y1=dnorm(x,0,1)#计算密度y2=dnorm(x,4,2)#计算密度

plot(x,y1,type=\lines(x,y2,type=\axis(2)

rect(-5.8,0,10,0.4)rect(0,0,0,0.4)rect(1.658,0,1.658,0.1)rect(4,0,4,0.2)

text(1.658,-0.01,expression(A),cex=1)text(0,-0.008,expression(0),cex=0.9)text(4,-0.01,expression(4),cex=1)#图2.2#(a)

plot(0,0,type=\points(0.46,1.35);text(0.5,1.25,expression(italic(w)[6]),cex=1.2)points(1.06,1.35);text(1.1,1.25,expression(italic(w)[4]),cex=1.2)points(0.96,1.65);text(1,1.55,expression(italic(w)[5]),cex=1.2)points(0.26,1.95);text(0.3,1.85,expression(italic(w)[7]),cex=1.2)points(2.16,1.15);text(2.2,1.05,expression(italic(w)[3]),cex=1.2)

120

points(2.76,1.15);text(2.8,1.05,expression(italic(w)[2]),cex=1.2)points(2.46,0.755);text(2.5,0.65,expression(italic(w)[1]),cex=1.2)text(1.5,0.35,expression((a)),cex=1)#(b)

x=c(0.5,0.5,1.5,1.5,1,1,1.5,1.5,2,2,2,1.75,1.75,1.5,1.5,1,1,3,3,2.5,2.5,2.5,3.5,3.5,3,3)y=c(0,2,2,1.5,1.5,0,0,0.5,0.5,0,0.5,0.5,1.5,1.5,2,2,2.5,2.5,1,1,0,1,1,0,0,1)plot(x,y,type=\arrows(-0.3,0,4,0,length=0.08,lwd=1,angle=13)arrows(0,-0.2,0,3,length=0.08,lwd=1,angle=13)text(0.2,3,expression(italic(d)),cex=1.2)text(4,0.2,expression(italic(x)),cex=1.2)text(-0.1,-0.12,expression(0),cex=1)text(0.5,-0.12,expression(italic(w)[7]),cex=1)text(1,-0.12,expression(italic(w)[6]),cex=1)text(1.5,-0.12,expression(italic(w)[5]),cex=1)text(2,-0.12,expression(italic(w)[4]),cex=1)text(2.5,-0.12,expression(italic(w)[3]),cex=1)text(3,-0.12,expression(italic(w)[2]),cex=1)text(3.5,-0.12,expression(italic(w)[1]),cex=1)text(-0.2,0.5,expression(italic(d[1])),cex=1)text(-0.2,1,expression(italic(d[2])),cex=1)text(-0.2,1.5,expression(italic(d[3])),cex=1)text(-0.2,2,expression(italic(d[4])),cex=1)text(-0.2,2.5,expression(italic(d[5])),cex=1)text(2,-0.35,expression((b)),cex=1)rect(0,0.5,1.5,0.5,lty=2)rect(0,1,2.5,1,lty=2)rect(0,1.5,1,1.5,lty=2)rect(0,2,1.5,2,lty=2)rect(0,2.5,1,2.5,lty=2)#例2.1#图2.3#(a)

x=c(1,1,2,2,2,1.5,1.5,3.5,3.5,3,3,4,4,3.5,3.5,2.5,2.5,5,5)y=c(0,1,1,0,1,1,3,3,2,2,0,0,2,2,3,3,4,4,0)

plot(x,y,type=\arrows(-0.3,0,5.5,0,length=0.08,lwd=1,angle=13)arrows(0,-0.2,0,4.5,length=0.08,lwd=1,angle=13)

121

text(0.2,4.4,expression(italic(f)),cex=1.2)text(5.4,0.2,expression(italic(x)),cex=1.2)text(-0.1,-0.2,expression(0),cex=0.8)text(5,-0.2,expression(italic(w)[5]),cex=1)text(4,-0.2,expression(italic(w)[4]),cex=1)text(3,-0.2,expression(italic(w)[3]),cex=1)text(2,-0.2,expression(italic(w)[2]),cex=1)text(1,-0.2,expression(italic(w)[1]),cex=1)text(1.5,0.8,expression(italic(h)[6]),cex=0.9)text(3.5,1.8,expression(italic(h)[7]),cex=0.9)text(2.5,2.8,expression(italic(h)[8]),cex=0.9)text(4,3.8,expression(italic(h)[9]),cex=0.9)text(-0.12,1,expression(1),cex=1)text(-0.12,2,expression(2),cex=1)text(-0.12,3,expression(3),cex=1)text(-0.12,4,expression(4),cex=1)text(2.7,-0.6,expression((a)),cex=1)rect(0,1,1,1,lty=2)rect(0,4,2.5,4,lty=2)rect(0,2,3,2,lty=3)rect(0,3,1.5,3,lty=3)#(b)

plot(0,0,type=\text(4.5,2.8,expression(italic(w)[5]),cex=1)text(4,0.8,expression(italic(w)[4]),cex=1)text(3,0.8,expression(italic(w)[3]),cex=1)text(2,0.8,expression(italic(w)[2]),cex=1)text(1,0.8,expression(italic(w)[1]),cex=1)text(1.5,1.8,expression(italic(h)[6]),cex=0.9)text(3.5,1.8,expression(italic(h)[7]),cex=0.9)text(2.5,2.8,expression(italic(h)[8]),cex=0.9)text(3.5,3.8,expression(italic(h)[9]),cex=0.9)text(2.7,-0.6,expression((b)),cex=1)segments(1,1,1.5,1.6)segments(2,1,1.5,1.6)segments(3,1,3.5,1.6)segments(4,1,3.5,1.6)segments(1.5,2,2.5,2.6)

122

segments(3.5,2,2.5,2.6)segments(2.5,3,3.5,3.6)segments(4.5,3,3.5,3.6)#图2.4#(a)

x=c(1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5,3.5,3.5,3.5,4.3,4.3,1.5,1.5)y=c(0,1,1,0,0,2,2,0,0,4,4,2,4,4,6,6,1)

plot(x,y,type=\arrows(-0.3,0,5.5,0,length=0.08,lwd=1,angle=13)arrows(0,-0.2,0,6.5,length=0.08,lwd=1,angle=13)text(0.2,6.4,expression(italic(f)),cex=1.2)text(5.4,0.3,expression(italic(x)),cex=1.2)text(-0.1,-0.2,expression(0),cex=0.8)text(5,-0.2,expression(italic(w)[5]),cex=1)text(4,-0.2,expression(italic(w)[4]),cex=1)text(3,-0.2,expression(italic(w)[3]),cex=1)text(2,-0.2,expression(italic(w)[2]),cex=1)text(1,-0.2,expression(italic(w)[1]),cex=1)text(1.5,0.7,expression(it