大学英语四级阅读明白训练分析解析

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Classifiedadvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectionsofthepaperandisthusdistinguishedfromdisplayadvertising.Suchgroupingsas“HelpWanted”,“RealEstate”,“LostandFound”aremade,theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.Classifiedadvertisementsareaconveniencetothereaderandasavingtotheadvertiser.Thereaderwhoisinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertisementfindsall

advertisementsofthattypegroupedforhim.Theadvertisersmay,onthisaccount,useaverysmalladvertisementifitwereplacedamonglargeradvertisementsinthepaper.Itisevidentthatthereaderapproachestheclassifiedadvertisementinadifferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapproachestheotheradvertisementsinthepaper.Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticular

advertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereader’sattention.Formerlyallclassifiedadvertisementswereofthesamesizeanddidnothavedisplaytype.Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader’sattention.Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertiseme

nthasinrealityadvertisement.Thisisparticularlytrueofrealestateadvertising?

1.AllofthefollowingfactsareadvantagesofclassifiedadvertisementforadvertisersEXCEPTthat____.

A)classifiedadvertisementchargeslessmoney

B)itiseasiertoattracttheattentionofthetargetconsumersC)itprovidesmoreinformationforthereadersD)itdoesnothavetorelytoomuchondisplaytype

2.Oneoftheexamplesgivenoftypesofclassifiedadvertisementis____

A)housesforsale

B)peoplewhoareaskingforhelpC)peoplewhoarelostD)jobvacancies

3.Whatsortofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadvertisement,accordingtothewriter?

A)Theyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything.B)Theyarelookingforsomethingtheyneed.

C)Theyfeellostbecausetherearesomanyadvertisements.D)Theyfeelthesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertisements.

4．Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertisementschangednowadays?

A)Theydependmoreondisplaytype.B)Moremoneyischargedforthem.C)Theyaredividedintomoregroups.D)Theyarelessformal.

5．Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance?A)Becausepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.B)Becauserealestateadvertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.

C)Becausetheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisementsmeanstheyhavetobesmallnow.

D)Becausetherearemoreadvertisementsnowandmorecompetitionamongadvertisers.

答案与解析：1.C

分类广告的优越性别包括为读者提供更多的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可看出，分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需非常多的展现形式，以及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力，所以A，B，D都正确。文中唯独没有提到C。2.A

房地产业算是分类广告的其中一块。细节题。本题考察对“RealEstate”的明白，它的意思是“房地产”，故选项A正确。3.B

当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自个儿需要的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是别一样的，他们会去扫瞄自个儿感兴趣的类不，查找所需信息。故选项B正确。

4.A

依照文章，分类广告更多地依靠展现形式。判断题。文章最终指出，由于竞争的加剧，分类广告商们别得别用大标题和图片来吸引读者的注意力。故选项A正确。5.D

因为如今更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧，因此分类广告别断变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出，分类广告的变化是由于“Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereader’sattention”，故选项D正确。

大学英语四级阅读明白训练（二）

Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.

“Iftheyknowthey'reworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butit'seasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”

Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthi

ghgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.

Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward____.A)thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewards

B)theappropriateamountofexternalrewardsC)thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsand

D)theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudents'performance

2.Whatistheviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsforstudents?A)Theyapproveofexternalrewards.B)Theydon'tthinkexternalrewards.C)Theyhavedoubtsaboutexternalrewards.

D)Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcollegestudents.3.Accordingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepassage,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?A)Giverewardsforperformanceswhichdeservethem.B)Alwayspromiserewards.

C)Assigntaskswhicharenotverychallenging.

D)Bemorelenienttostudentswhenmistakesaremade.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve____.

A)rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudents’B)punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewarding

C)failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandardsD)discouragingthestudentsanticipationforeasyrewardsismatterofurgency5．Whichofthefollowingfactsabout“tokeneconomics”isnotcorrect?A)Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks.B)Rewardsaregivenforgoodperformances.

C)Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask.D)Withtokeneconomics,students’creativitycanbeenhanced.答案与解析：1.D

心理学家以为外界的奖励对学生会有别同的妨碍。事实辨析题。依照文章第一句话“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity”可知，心理学家的分歧在于来自外界的奖励对学生的积极性和制造性究竟有啥妨碍，故选项D正确.

2.C

许多教育家对外界的奖励持怀疑态度。

文章第二段第一句话提到，后一种观点得到了许多教育工作者的支

持，从第一段中可知，后一种观点是：奖励会促使学生对不人的赞许和馈赠产生依靠心理，所以奖励会破坏制造精神。由此可知，他们对奖励的正面作用持怀疑态度。故选项C正确。3.A

依照文中的研究结果表明，教育家经过赋予学生应得的奖励来提高他们的积极性和制造性。文章第三段指出，赋予学生恰当的奖励，可使他们发挥更大的制造性，但假如对糟糕的表现也赋予奖励，或让学生对奖励有太多的期许，反而会扼杀制造性。故选项A正确。4.B

从文中能够得知，一些重点大学试图加强等级标准，因为他们相信惩处比奖励更有效。事实辨析题。从文中第四段可知，许多大学之因此严格考试的评分标准，是因为“Ateacher...whohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents”。选项B与此意相同。5.C

依照学生的表现对他们作出评价。事实辨析题。依照最终一段的意思，在这种奖励制度下，要依照学生的表现对他们做出评价，而别仅仅是他们花费了多少精力来完成任务，故选项C正确。

大学英语四级阅读明白训练（三）

country.Thismayoccurasanattempttoover-identifywiththenewcultur

einordertobeacceptedbythepeopleinit.

1.Theexpression"heorsheislikefishoutofwater"suggests______.

a.peopleawayfromtheirculturescanhardlysurviveinanewculture

b.

afishcannotsurvivewithoutwater

c.peopleawayfromtheircultureexperiencementalisolation

d.people

awayfromtheirculturehavedifficultiesinnewenviroXXXent2.InordertoidentifywiththenewenviroXXXent,somepeoplemay______.a.giveanexaggeratedpictureoftheirowncountryb.criticizethepositiveaspectsoftheirowncountyc.abandontheiroriginalbeliefsd.acceptatemporarysetofvalues

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheauthor?a.Perplexityresultsincultureshock.

b.Atypicalsymptomofculturshockisconfusion.

c.Cultureshockistheexplanationofanxiety.

d.Cultureshockhappenstoforeignstudentsonly.4.Newcomermayworryabout______.a.theirignoranceofthealiencustoms

b.theirknowledgeof"Yes"inthenativelanguage

c.theirunderstandin

goffriendshipd.theircontroloftheirbehavior

5.Whentheforeignvisitorisimmersedinnewproblemshefindshardtocopewhith,heismostlikelytofeel______.a.uninsuredb.deprivedc.alienatedd.baffled

答案：cdadbc

大学英语四级阅读明白训练（八）

Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisisthattherearemoredifferentwa

ysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,moredisagreementsininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationswithdifferentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereis

usuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertoleranceinmixedsocieties.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecision.Inasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityforchangebecauseeverythingseemstobethesame.Andalthoughconditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyandmorereadilyinthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;inthelessbasicandlessemotionalaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites;inthesimpleelementsratherthaninthecomplexones;informratherthaninsubstance;andinelementsthatareacceptabletothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.

Furthermore,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,itcomesmorereadilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewithsharpdichotomies.ThisisonereasonwhychangehasnotcomemorequicklytoBlackAmericansascomparedtootherAmericanminorities,

becauseofthesharpdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.1.Thepassageismainlydiscussing__________.a.thenecessityofsocialchange

b.certainfactorsthatdeterminetheeasewithwhichsocialchangesoccur

c.twodifferentsocieties

d.certainfactorsthatpromotesocialchange

2.______isoneofthefactorsthattendtopromotesocialchange.a.Jointinterestb.Differentpointsofviewc.Lessemotionalpeopled.Advancedtechnology

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

a.Socialchangetendstomeetwithmoredifficultyinbasicandemotionalaspectsofsociety.

b.Disagreementwithandargumentaboutconditionstendtoslowdownsocialchange.

c.Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinthematerialaspectofsociety.

d.Socialchangeislesslikelytooccurinwhatpeoplelearnedwhentheywereyoung.4.Theexpression"greatertolerance"(paragraph1)refersto_____.a."greaterwillingnesstoacceptsocialchange"b."quickeradaptationtochangingcircumstances"c."morerespectfordifferentbeliefsandbehavior"

d."geeaterreadinesstoagreetodifferentopinionsandideas"

5.Socialchangeislesslikelytooccurinasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilar