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2022-2023学年济宁市英语统招专升本摸底训练【带答案】学校:________班级:________姓名:________考号:________

一、阅读理解(30题)1.Fromthearticle,thereaderlearnsthatLeeWildeslives______.

A.inAfrica

B.inasmallapartment

C.inalargehouse

D.inahospital

2.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthearticle?

A.REMSleep

B.TwoTypesofSleep

C.Sleepers

D.WhatHappenstoSleepers

3.Whatcanweinferfromreadingthepassage?

A.Thegirlbenefitedfromherfather'sadvice.

B.Thegirlwasveryoftenangrywithherfather.

C.Thegirl'sfatherlovedotherpeople'sadvice.

D.Thegirlwaseasilyhurtbyherfather

4.Whichstoryhasnoparticularpoint?

A.Thehumorousstory.

B.Thewittystory.

C.Thecomicstory.

D.Allthree.

5.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Womenenjoyusingumbrellaswithvariouskindsofcolorsnowadays.

B.Theinventoroftheumbrellaisunknown.

C.Onceordinarypeoplehadnorighttouseumbrella.

D.Umbrellaswerepopularandcheapinancienttimes.

6.40.Thebesttitleforthisselectionis______.A.The"PostPaid"ErrorB.TheTwoPennyBlueC.ARareStampD.HowMauritiusBecameFamous

7.Themainideaofthewholestoryisthat______.

A.thereismorefoodandwaterinspacethanonearth

B.eatinganddrinkinginspaceisaspecialproblem

C.astronautscannevereatordrinkinaspaceship

D.thereisnofoodorwaterinaspaceship

8.AccordingtoSelena,thereasonwhyVenezuelanwomenwinmorebeautycontestsisthat______.

A.theyaremorebeautiful

B.theyarebettereducated

C.theyarebetterprepared

D.theygetmoresupport

9.Thepropertitleforthispassageis______.

A.BooksinCollegeofMarin

B.RonaldMusoke

C.TrashedBooksMayHelpFightIlliteracy,AIDSinUganda

D.PoorAfricaStudentsintheUnitedStates

10.Accordingtotheannouncement,whichofthefollowingistrueofspecialsummerhoursforthelibrary?

A.Ithasthemonlyontheweekends.

B.Ithasthembethweekdaysandweekends.

C.Ithasnospecialsummerhours.

D.ThisinformationiSnotavailable.

11.Whendidpeopletrytodevelopwaysofshowingmotionwithphotographs?

A.Beforethetwentiethcentury.

B.Earlyinthebeginningofthetwentiethcentury.

C.Atthedawnofthefirstdayofthetwentiethcentury.

D.Afterthedawnofthetwentiethcentury.

12.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasawaytomeasurethetime?

A.Countingthebeatingofone'sownheart.

B.Makinguseofcandles,sandandwater.

C.Observingshadowscastbythesun.

D.Keepingslavesbusydayandnight.

13.Accordingtotheauthor,thesteelwiresusedtomakebarbedwirearespeciallyprocessedto______.

A.makethemmoreflexible

B.protectthemagainstrust

C.straightenthem

D.preventcontractionincoldweather

14.44.Wemaydrawaconclusionthat______.A.latchkeychildrenenjoyhavingsuchalargeamountoftimealoneB.latchkeychildrentrytohidetheirfeelingC.latchkeychildrenoftenwatchTVwiththeirparentsD.it'sdifficulttofindouthowmanylatchkeychildrenthereare

15.InwhichareahaveAmericansreceivedthemostawards?

A.Literature.B.Peace.C.Economics.D.Science.

16.Whatisthemainconcernofmanonthefourthlevel?

A.Themoregoodsthebetter.

B.Themore"luxury"itemsthebetter.

C.Themorementalsatisfactionthebetter.

D.Themoreearningsthebetter.

17.Whenthecaptainknewasailorwasill,he______.A.A.didn'tcaremuch

B.sentforadoctor

C.lookedafterhimandtoldhimtohavearest

D.gavehimsomemedicine

18.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

A.governmentsandcompanieshaddifferentopinionsaboutthesafetyofproducts

B.governmentspaidlittleattentiontothesafetyofproducts

C.governmentofficialsoftendidnotlistentoscientists

D.inthepastnosafetylawswereintroducedbygovernments

19.Theunderlinedphrase"putdown"inthethirdparagraphprobablymeans______.

A.misunderstoodB.defeatedC.hatefulD.hurt

20.Accordingtotheauthor,reallygoodscience______.

A.wouldsurprisethebrightestmindsofthe18thcenturyEnglightenment

B.willproduceresultswhichcannotbeforeseen

C.willhelppeopletomaketherightchoiceinadvance

D.willbringaboutdisturbingresults

21.Accordingtotheauthor,abornnaturalistshouldfirstofallbe______.

A.fullofambition

B.knowledge

C.fullofenthusiasm

D.self-disciplined

22.WhydidtheauthorsaunttrytoteachherchildrentospeakKorean?

A.TohelpherimproveherKoreanlanguageskills.

B.TohelpthemestablishaKoreanidentity.

C.TohelpthemsucceedintheUS.

D.Tohelpthemfindagoodjob.

23.Thesecondparagraphofthepassagemainlydiscusses______.

A.it'snicetoaccepttheinjusticeoflife

B.it'snicetosurrendertothelife

C.weshouldnotsurrendertothelife

D.weshouldnotfeelsorryforourselves

24.Theopinionofthewriteristhat______.

A.theremaybeotherintelligentbeingsintheuniverse

B.thereareotherintelligentbeingsintheuniverse

C.peoplelivingontheeartharealmostcertainlytheonlyintelligentbeingsintheuniverse

D.peoplelivingontheeartharedefinitelytheonlyintelligentbeingsintheuniverse

25.Theauthorcan'trememberhisrelativesclearlybecause______.A.A.hedidn'tliveverylongwiththem

B.thefamilywasextremelylarge

C.hewastooyoungwhenhelivedwiththem

D.hewasfullyoccupiedwithobservingnature.

26.Specificschedulerevisionsforwhichofthefollowingfacilitiesarelistedinthisannouncement?

A.Athleticandrecreational.

B.Foodandtransportation.

C.B00kstoreandpostoffice.

D.Medicalandaudio-visual(视听的).

27.Haveyoueverbeenstartledbyaloudnoiseorbysomeoneappearingsuddenlybehindyouonadarknightorbyasnakeinthegrass?Doyourememberthesudden,tightfeelinginyourchest,thewayyourheartstartedtopound,thewayyouseemedtobreathemorerapidly?Suchreactionsoccurredbecauseyouwerefrightened.Yourbrainsentasignaltothespecialglandinyourbodycalledtheadrenalgland.Otherpartsofyourbodywereinvolved,too,buttheadrenalglandhasaveryspecialfunction.

nbsp;Theadrenalglandislocatedontopofyourkidney.Sinceyouhavetwokidneys,youalsohavetwoadrenalglands.Eachadrenalglandisdividedintotwoparts:acortexandamedulla.Thecortexformstheoutershell;themedullaformsthecentralcore.Boththecortexandthemedullasecretehormones,buttheyhavedifferentfunctions.

Thecortexproducesmorethanfortydifferentchemicalcompoundsandhormones.Allthesethingsareessentialtosustainlife.Themedullasecretesadrenalin(alsocalledepinephrine,thehormonethatpreparesthebodyforemergencies).

Whenyouaresuddenlyfacedwithadangerousorstressfulsituation,partofyourbraininstantlysendsasignaltotheadrenalgland,andallsortsofthingsbegintohappeninyourbody.Themedullareleasesanextraamountofadrenalinintothebloodstream.Theadrenaliniscarriedrapidlythroughoutthebody,stimulatingotherglandsandsystems.Inthispassage,theauthorismainlydiscussingthefunctionof______.A.A.thehumanbrain

B.glandsandsystemsinthebody

C.thecortexoftheadrenalgland

D.themedullaoftheadrenalgland

28.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutthestudentsintheMiddleAges?______

A.Theytookobjective.

B.Theyspecializedinonesubject.

C.Theyweretimedbyelectricalclocks.

D.Theyusuallytookspokentests.

29.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A.Therearelessopportunitiestodaytostartabusinessbecausecustomersarealwaysdissatisfied.

B.Therearemanyopportunitiestodaytostartabusinesswithasimplereason.

C.Customers'dissatisfactionmeansyoucanstartabusinesstosatisfythem.

D.Neverstartabusinessifcustomersaredissatisfied.

30.Thispassageismainlyabout______.

A.universitylifeofforeignstudents

B.dutiesoftheforeignstudentadvisers

C.immigrationmattersofforeignstudents

D.therelationshipbetweenforeignstudentsandtheiradvisers

二、完型填空(20题)31.Youreallyhavetogetveryoldbeforeyourealizeyou'reold.I'minmymiddlefiftiesandIdon'tfeel【21】yet.However,sometimesIlookbackatmychildhoodand【22】thingstothewaylifeisfor【23】kids.Somethingshavecertainlychanged.

Oneareaofchangeis【24】.Somechangeshavebeenimprovements.Somechanges,ontheotherhand,havebeen【25】.

WhenIstartedschool,mostpeopledidn'thaveatelevision;TVwasjustbeginningtoget【26】.Myfatherdecidedtogoalloutandbuya16inchblackandwhiteMotorola【27】.Istillre-memberwatchingtheLoneRangersavepeoplefromthe【28】guysonthatawesomeelectronicma-chine.Thatwasexciting!

Now,【29】havelargerpicturesinfullcolor.Thepicturesareclearerandthesoundismuchmore【30】.Thenewhighdefinitionsetsaremadetorival【31】screens.

Thevarietyandquantityofprogramminghas【32】greatly.Therearehundredsofchannelsandmoreshowsthanonepersoncouldeverwatch.Therearemanyfineentertainmentandeducational【33】.There'salsoalotofgarbage,stuffthatmost【34】don'twanttheirkidsexposedto.Overall,wehavemorechoices,andthatisgood.

Iwonderwhat【35】willbelikewhentoday'skidsaremyage.

(41)A.youngB.oldC.sadD.happy

32.(52)

A.stillB.yetC.againD.already

33.________查看材料

A.riddenB.flewC.beenD.Gone

34.(42)

A.stayedinB.workedforC.livedinD.playedat

35.【B20】

A.theotherB.otherC.othersD.another

36.(48)

A.InB.BeforeC.OnD.After

37.57._________A.A.saidB.agreeC.makesureD.states

38.(45)

A.jobB.ideaC.opinionD.work

39.【C4】

A.childrenB.womenC.manD.few

40.【C6】

A.onB.ofC.atD.in

41.(50)

A.brotherB.boyC.tailorD.uncle

42.【C14】

A.peopleB.writersC.societyD.parents

43.【B4】

A.goneB.replacedC.expensiveD.popular

44.Mr.Brownworkedatabigcompany.Hewenttoworkby【21】.Onedaywhenhewasstandingatthebus-stop,henoticedcarsgo【22】.ManyofthecarswerenewCrown90Os,andmostofthemwereblack.

Mr.Brownwasapersonwhodidnotliketobedifferentfromothermen.He【23】worethesameclothesasothermen,atethesamefoodasotherpeople,and【24】thesamethingsastheydid.Amonth【25】,Mr.Brown【26】anewblackCrown90Os.Hewasverypleasedwithit,anddroveto【27】inittheverynextmorning.WhenhesawalltheotherCrown900s,infront,behindandonbothsidesofhim,hewas【28】morepleasedwithhiscar.

Mr.Brown【29】hiscarinabigcar-park(停车场)neartheofficebuilding,and【30】tohisoffice.Butwhenhecamebackatfiveo'clock,thereweresomanyblackCrown900sinthecar-parkthatMr.Browndidnotknow【31】carwashis.Hetriedhis【32】insomeofthecars,butpeople【33】bygavehimalookhedidnotlike.Sohestopped.

Mr.Browncoulddo【34】butwaitnearlytwohoursuntilhiscarwasthe【35】blackCrown900leftinthecar-park.

(36)

A.busB.carC.bikeD.boat

45.【C10】

A.noddedB.raisedC.shookD.turned

46.

第26题请在第26处填上正确答案。

A.depressB.coverC.changeD.express

47.

第32题请在第32处填上正确答案。

A.almostB.evenC.oftenD.rather

48.(38)

A.alotB.littleC.manyD.much

49.ThereoncelivedapoortailorwhohadasoncalledAladdin,acareless,idleboy【21】woulddonothingbutplayalldaylonginthestreetswithlittleidleboyslikehimself.Thissogrievedthefatherthat【22】died;yet,inspiteofhismother'stearsandprayers,Aladdindidnot【23】hisways.Oneday,whenhewasplayinginthestreetsasusual,astranger【24】himifhewasnotthesonofMustaphathetailor."Iam,sir,"repliedAladdin,"buthedieda【25】whileago."Onthisthestranger,whowasa【26】magician,fellonhisneckandkissedhimsaying:"Iamyouruncle,and【27】youfromyourlikenesstomybrother.Gotoyourmotherandtellherlamcoming."Aladdinranhomeandtoldhismotherofhisnewly【28】uncle."Indeed,child,"shesaid,"yourfatherhada【29】,butIalwaysthoughthewasdead."However,shepreparedsupper,andtoldAladdintoseekhis【30】,whocameladenwithwineandfruit.HefelldownandkissedtheplacewhereMustaphausedtosit,tellingAladdin'smothernottobe【31】atnothavingseenhimbefore,ashehadbeenoutofthecountryforfortyyears.Hethen【32】toAladdin,andaskedhimhistrade,atwhichtheboyhunghishead,whilehismotherburstintotears.OnlearningthatAladdinwasidleandhadlearned【33】trade,heofferedtogetashopforhimandstockitwithmerchandise.Thenext【34】heboughtAladdinafinesuitofclothesandtookhimalloverthecity,showinghimthesights,andbroughthimhomeatnightfall【35】hismother,whowasoverjoyedtoseehersondressedsofine.

(41)

A.heB.whoC.whichD.what

50.(81)

A.awayB.roundC.outD.down

三、语音(10题)51.(2)

A.cow

B.throw

C.low

D.own

52.(4)

A.measure

B.assure

C.literature

D.yogurt

53.()A.A.Russian

B.racial

C.special

D.industrial

54.1.A.attractB.gateC.arrangeD.

able

55.2.A.thoughtB.boughtC.broughtD.though

56.(3)

A.combine

B.complain

C.comprise

D.complex

57.

1.A.routeB.youthC.loseD.Lonely

58.(1)

A.wasteB.pasteC.voyageD.snake

59.5.______A.flute

B.suppose

C.autumn

D.difficulty

60.

A.expectB.exactC.exampleD.exam

四、词汇与结构(20题)61.Ihavenever______suchaman.

A.hearB.hearofC.hearfromD.heard

62.InmanyAmericanfamilies,parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakeimportantdecisions______.A.A.tothemselves

B.onthemselves

C.bythemselves

D.ofthemselves

63.Ifyouthinkaletteristooslow,whynottry______atelegram?

A.tohavesentB.tosendC.tobesendingD.sending

64.Inthepast,weneeded______thantoday.

A.lessmathematic

B.fewermathematic

C.lessmathematics

D.fewermathematics

65.Dr.Smithfailedmanytimesbuthefinally______tofindasuccessfulwaytosolvetheproblem.A.A.brokeoffB.brokedownC.brokeoutD.brokethrough

66.()We’veDoneoncebutfailed.We’llhavetoDoit__________time.

A.asecondB.thesecondC.thetwiceD.twice

67.Themansaidhewouldhitme______Itoldhimwherethemoneywas.

A.untilB.unlessC.soonafterD.as

68.Mostenvironmentalproblemsexistbecauseadequatemeasuresforpreventingthem______takeninthepast.

A.wasnotB.werenotbeingC.werenotD.wasnotobe

69.______dowegoforpicnics.

A.CertainlyB.SeldomC.SometimesD.Once

70.Let's______whentheshipwillarrive.

A.findoutB.discoverC.findD.invent

71.Publicspending______(necessary)affectstheeconomy.

72.Hewasremoved______hispostbecausehehadneglectedhisduties.

A.inB.fromC.forD.with

73.______isterriblytiringworkinglatelike______.

A.This:itB.It:thisC.What:itD.It:what

74.Myroommatewrotethatletter______me.Icouldn'tdoitbecauseIsprainedmywristwhileplayingvolleyball.A.A.toB.fromC.forD.by

75.Manynewspapersprintedthegovernor'sstatement______wouldsupportataxcut.

A.andheB.wasthatheC.whichheD.thathe

76."Doyougoout________onweekends?Yes,wesometimesgoout.

A.veryoftenB.inatimeC.onceuponatimeD.onceinawhile

77.Thelastman______thesinkingshipwasthecaptain.

A.left

B.leaves

C.tobeleaving

D.toleave

78.Hisdescriptionoftheghostwasso______.thathislittledaughterscreamedwhenhecametothepartofkilling.

A.moderateB.vividC.activeD.passive

79.Ishallmaketheannouncement______thebeginningofthemeeting.

A.toB.forC.atD.in

80.Weareusingupournaturalresourcestooquicklyandatthesametimeweare______ourenvironmentwithdangerouschemicals.

A.protectingB.savingC.pollutingD.fighting

五、书面表达(1题)81.Ⅵ.Writing(25points)Directions:Forthispart,youaresupposedtowriteacompositionHealthin100-120wordsbasedonthefollowingtopicsentences.Remembertowriteitclearly.(1)Healthisthefoundationofone'sfuturesuccess.(2)Howcanyouhavegoodhealth?(3)Inaword,nothingismorevaluablethanhealth.

六、写作(1题)82.Forthispart,youaresupposedtowritealetterin100-120wordsaccordingtothefollowingsituations.

你是Jane。写信给你的朋友Julie,感谢她和她丈夫昨天请你和你丈夫吃饭,同时表示要回请他们,以答谢他们的盛情款待。

参考答案

1.B解析:见原文第二段。LeeWildes住在旧金山的一个小公寓里。

2.A

3.A解析:通过句子“ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIgotafairlyclearpictureofmyself”可知。

4.A

5.D解析:参见第三段。

6.C此题为综合理解题。通读全文可知,文中讲述了一张珍贵、稀有的邮票的来历,故C为正确答案。

7.B文中第一段讲述了在太空中“吃”,第二段讲述了在太空中“喝水”,表明在太空中吃和喝都是特别需要注意的问题。

8.C

9.C解析:第三段中的一句话点出了这位非洲学生收集书的目的。这也是为什么他得到了很多人的帮助。

10.A

11.A解析:文中第一段第二行“Beforethedawnofthetwentiethcentury,…”表明是在二十世纪之前发生的。

12.D解析:第三段中的“Certainmenwereverycleveratmeasuringthetimeofdayaccordingtothebeatingoftheirownhearts.”和第四段中的“Theylearnedtousetheshadowscastbythesun.Theymarkedthehoursoncandles,usedsandinhour-glasses,andinventedwater-clocks.”可判断出人们曾经通过数自己的心跳、观察太阳投下的阴影、使用蜡烛、沙漏以及发明水钟来计算时间,但没有讲使奴隶整日整夜地忙碌,所以选项D是错误的。

13.B解析:本题为细节辨认题。第三段第四句讲到“Thesteelwiresusedaregalvanized—coatedwithzinc(锌)tomakethemrustproof”,也就是说,用来制铁丝网的钢丝经过镀锌后以防生锈。

14.D44.答案为D

文章最后一段倒数第2句It'shardtogetstatisticsonlatchkeychildren,theBrownslearned可推知由于父母不愿意透露孩子在家的情况,因此很难统计出钥匙儿童的实际数量。

15.D解析:本题属细节题。文章第三段最后一句“wonnumerousscienceawards”已明确提示答案。

16.C解析:第三段和第四段。这里说前三个需求是物质上的(physical),而第四个等级的需求是精神上的(mental)。选项C是正确的。

17.C本题为客观细节题。从第二段中我们有看到这样的细节"Thecaptaincametoseehimandwasverypleasedtohaveapatienttolookafter.Hetoldthemantorestforafewclaysandmadetheothersailorsdohiswork."也就是说,当船长听说有人有病就会去为他看病,并且告诉装病的水手休息。

18.B

19.D解析:为猜测词义题。第三段中说到,当顾客接受服务后自然会给一点儿小费。You(指顾客)takeaquarterandputitintheir(指boxboy)handandyouexpectthemtosay,“Oh,thanksalot.”Whenyousay,“I’msorry,Ican’t,”theyfeelalittleputdown.“顾客期待你说感谢的话。而你说:‘对不起,我不能接受’时,他们就会觉得有点儿……”。misunderstood“被误解”;defeated“被击败”;hateful“充满憎恨的”;hurt“感情受到伤害的”,此项最符合上下文提供的语言情景。

20.B解析:andifitisreallygoodscienceitisimpossibletopredict.(好的科学,其研究成果是无法预测的),因此选B。

21.C

22.B第一、二段指出C项和D项是这位母亲希望她的孩子们说好英语所能得到的帮助。与此同时她也希望她的孩子们能学好韩语,知道自己是韩国人。因此B项是正确的。

23.A解析:该段意为直面人生的诸多困苦keepsusfromfeelingsorryforourselves...forothers...何乐不为!

24.A

25.A

26.B

27.D

28.D

29.C

30.B解析:本文开篇便点明题意。

31.B解析:文章的第一句话就说你不到真正老的时候是不会感觉到老的。作者紧接着说,自己已经50岁了。刚过半百,可以猜到作者一定还未感觉到老。选项B是正确的。

32.B

33.C谓语动词题。

【虚试指导】坐过飞机的英语表达方式是havebeenonaplane,而不用ride,fly等动词。

34.C解析:本题属习惯逻辑题。下文中举例说明:有些人以他们居住的地方名称来取名字的。

35.B

36.C解析:2001年1月6日之后,

37.D

38.D解析:根据上下文,此处应为“在处理这场冲突的工作中”。

39.A通过上句话中的grown—ups,可推断出本题的答案应是children。

40.D在咖啡里,用in。D项是正确的。

41.D解析:母亲让男孩把叔叔找来共进晚餐。

42.D

43.D解析:我上学的时候电视刚刚开始普及。

44.A

45.C从上文可知:“他需要钉子,而售货员拿给他锤子”,他理应摇头,故应选C项。

46.C作者看到孩子眼中痛苦的表情;不知道怎样改变自己的情绪,用change最恰当。而作者并不是想“压抑”,“掩饰”或者“表达”自己的情绪,故不选A、B、D。

47.B在钢丝上跪下难度更大,因此前面用了even。

48.B解析:对于她个人的生活人们知道得很少。

49.B解析:这篇文章记述了阔别己久的人回乡看望其兄长的妻子和儿子的事。从前一个穷裁缝的儿是一个整天无所事事闲逛的孩子。

50.A解析:walkawayfrom的意思是“走开”。其他选项不符合语境和搭配的要求。

51.A解析:A项划线部分发[au],而B,C,D项划线部分的发音为[eu],所以选A项。

52.B解析:画线部分读[ue],其他选项的画线部分读[e]。

53.D画线部分读[ie],其他选项的画线部分读[e]。

54.Aattract中字母a读作,其他都读作[ei]。

55.Dthough中字母组合ough读作,是特殊用法,其他都是ou放在ght前的一般读音,读作。

56.D解析:画线部分读[kcm],其他选项的画线部分读[kem]。

57.DD画线部分读[au],其他选项的画线部分读[u:]。

58.C解析:A,B,D项划线部分发[ei],而C项划线部分发[i],因此选C项。

59.D

60.AA项划线部分发[iks],而B、C、D三项划线部分的发音是[igz],因此选A项。

61.B

62.C本题考固定搭配。byoneself意为“依靠自己,独立地”。本句大意为:在许多美国家庭里,父母亲认为应该让孩子自己作决定。

63.D解析:该题测试trydoing的用法,表示“试着用另外一种办法?。而trytodo则表示“尽力做某事”。根据句意,由于写信太慢,所以建议发电报。因此用trysending。

64.C解析:mathematics的s不能省,它是不可数名词。因此只能用little不能用few来形容它的少量。little的比较等级:little—less—least;few的比较等级:few—fewer—fewest。过去我们的数学比现在用得少。

65.D本题为词组辨析题。breakoff意为“停止说话,中断”;breakdown意为“出毛病,抛锚”;breakout意为战争,火灾的突然“爆发,发生”;breakthrough意为“突破,征服”。本句大意为:史密斯博士失败了多次,但他最终找到了一条解决问题的成功之路。

66.A

67.B解析:unless引起条件状语从句,意思是“除非”。

68.C解析:句中有inthepast,故用一般

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