高中英语虚拟语气Subjunctive语法课件

虚拟语气虚拟语气虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中)；二是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等(在宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。虚拟语气的概念if引导的虚拟条件句虚拟语气[例句]1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldgoatonce.

假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可能是你)2.Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.

要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反)3.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.

明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反)虚拟语气在

在if非真实条件句中如果虚拟语气从句中用should+动词原形的话，主句也可以不用虚拟语气，表示防备，以防万一等含义.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,don’twaitforme.万一明天下雨，不要等我了.IfTomshouldbleedagain,callme.万一Tom又流血了，打电话给我.当条件从句与结果主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应当做相应的调整1)ifyouhadfollowedmyadviceyesterday,youwouldbebetternow.2)Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,Tomwouldbealivenow.

3)Ifhehadtakenthemedicineyesterday,hewouldbefinenow.(从句与过去相反，主句与现在相反)在if非真实条件句中混合型的虚拟语气如果if从句中有were,should或者had，可以省略if,而把这些词放在主语前面构成倒装。Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.2.Ifitweresunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.3.Ifitshouldrain,Iwouldstayathome.=Had

youcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Wereitsunnytomorrow,Iwouldcometoseeyou.=Shoulditrain,Iwouldstayathome.If条件句中虚拟语气中的倒装结构如果条件句为否定句，not应该放在主语后不能与were,had(助动词),和should连写放在句首.IfIwerenotbusy,Iwouldgowithyou.=WereInotbusy,Iwouldgowithyou.

含蓄条件句

副词如or,otherwise,介词如with,without,butfor(要不是)等也可以引起虚拟语气。例如：Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.Shewasn’tfeelingwell.Otherwise/orshewouldnothaveleftsoearly.Thestormstopped,otherwisethesailorswouldhavefallen

intothesea.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.

Withbetterequipment,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.要是有好的设备，我们本可以做的更好。Withoutyourhelp,Icouldn’thavesucceeded.要是没有你的帮助，我不可能成功的。Butforthestorm,wecouldhavearrivedearlier.要不是这场暴风雨，我们本可以早点到的。Withoutsunlight,people’slifewouldbedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldhavefailed.Butforwater,itwouldbeimpossibleto

liveinthe

desert.

1)动词suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,advice

etc.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,以(should)+v原的形式现。

Weallsuggestthathe

(should)finish

hishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors

(should)getdownto

workatonce.2)Itis/wassuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required

)that…后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以(should)+v原.的形式出现。E.g.It’sorderedthatonlyGerman

(should)be

taught

atschoolsinAlsasandLorin.

It’srequestedthatallthestudents

(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.注意：以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以(should)+v原.的形式出现。Mysuggestionisthatyou

(should)go

homefirstbeforecominghere.Theordercamethatthework

(should)befinished

twodaysaheadoftime

注意:当suggest表示“暗示”;insist表示“坚持认为”时不用虚拟！Hisaccentsuggestshe

comes

fromHunan.IinsistthathewaswrongHissilencesuggestedthathe

agreed

withmydecision

Heinsiststhatdoingmorningexercisesdoesgoodtopeople’shealth.

wish引导的虚拟句IwishI

rememberedtheaddress..我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhe

hadnotleft.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）Iwishit

wouldrain

tomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlyasif/thoughdid/were现在haddone过去could/might/woulddo将来Shelovesthebabyasifit

were

herownson.Hespeaksasifhe

hadbeento

theUnitedStates.

It’s(about/high)time+that---过去时should+V.你该走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyouweregoing.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.Wouldratherthat现在/未来：过去：Iwouldratheryou

paidmenow.

Iwouldratheryou

hadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryou

came

tomorrow.过去时过去完成时3.---DoyoumindifIopenthewindow?

---_____,Ifeelabitcold.(2004广东)A.OfcoursenotB.I’dratheryoudidn’tC.GoaheadD.Whynot4.Hepaidaseat,whenhe___haveenteredfree.(2005山东)A.couldB.wouldC.mustD.needBA虚拟语气Alan___thepartyifhehadgonetoLondon.A.wouldhavemissedB.hadmissedC.wouldmissD.missed2.IfIhadknownyouwerecoming,I___youattheairport.A.hadmetB.metC.wouldmeetD.wouldhavemetMoreExercisesAD虚拟语气3.IfonlyI___tomyparents!ButIdidn’t.A.listenedB.hadlistenedC.shouldlistenD.wouldlisten4.TomsuggestedthatAnn___thehouse.A.sellB.soldC.shallsellD.wouldsell5.Iwishthisbus___totheuniversity.A.goB.wentC.hasgoneD.hadgoneBAB虚拟语气6.Simonlooksasthoughhenever___asquaremeal(吃得饱),thoughhisparentsfeedhimverywell.A.getB.gettingC.gotD.shouldget7.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe___there.A.hadbeenB.wereC.wasD.beenCA虚拟语气8.–HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?--No,butIwishI___.A.haveB.willC.doD.had9.Idon’tthinkitistherighttimethatyou__.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.mustgo10.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit＿＿＿＿.

A.breaks

B.hasbroken

C.werebroken

D.hadbeenbroken

DBC虚拟1.—Jackfellofftheladderyesterday,butfortunatelyhefelloffonthesoftgrass.—Whataluckydog!He__________________(本来可能伤害)himselfbadly.2.—Whatapity!Imissedthelastconcertoftheyear.—Oh,notatall.Itwassoterrible.infact,Iwouldrather________________(我没去过)there.(be)3.Theyoungmandemandedthathe______________________(被送去工作)inthewestofChina.(send)Ihadn'tbeencouldhaveinjuredshouldbesenttowork虚拟4.Myparentsinsistedthatchildren_________________(不被理睬)whentheymadenoisesfornoreasonsa