二轮复习八主谓一致

二轮复习（八）主谓一致［全析考法］I.单句语法填空（2018•全国卷I）Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit（be）moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.解析：is根据语境可知，此处叙述的是一般的客观事实，且本句中宾语从句与主句的时态应保持一致，故使用一般现在时。it指代上一句的runningregularly,是第三人称单数，故填is。（2017•全国卷I）Fastfood（be）fulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.解析：is本句中的主语是fastfood,是不可数名词短语，所以谓语用第三人称单数形式，且此处讲的是现状，所以填is。（2016•全国卷H）Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow（be）oftenacceptable.解析：is主语是“Leavingthelessimportantthingsuntiltomorrow”，所以谓语用单数形式；此处表示客观情况，用一般现在时。H.单句改错（2018•全国卷ni）Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks,andmistakesaswell.解析:includefincludes分析句子结构可知,that引导定语从句，修饰place,关系代词替代place在从句中作主语，从句谓语动词的数要与先行词保持一致，谓语动词也使用第三人称单数的形式。（2016•浙江高考）Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus. 解析：wasfwere从句中的主语是we,为复数，故be动词应该用were。（2014•全国卷H）Mydreamschoolstartsat8：30a.m.andends...Mydreamschoollooklikeabiggarden.解析：lookf100ks最后一句的主语是单数形式，所以谓语也用第三人称单数，根据前文可知应用一般现在时，所以用looks。（2014•辽宁高考）Theearlymorningbarkinghavebeendisturbingusasweareoftenupallnightwiththebaby.解析：havefhas句子的主语为“Theearlymorningbarking”，故谓语动词应用单数形式。（2014•陕西高考）Suddenlythearrowswasflyingdownatusfromthesky—theylookedlikerain!解析：wasfwere句中主语是“thearrows"，为复数形式，故be动词应该用were。［谨记规则］（一）并列主语的主谓一致.当两个或两个以上作主语的单数名词用and,both...and连接，并表示两个不同的概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。但and连接的并列名词如果表示同一人、事或概念，且后面的名词前没有限定词，谓语动词用单数形式，如theneedleandthread,theforkandknife,ironandsteel,mudandsand等。Bothteaandcoffeearemyfavorites.Thewriterandprofessor,whoIoftenrefertoatthemeetings,ispopularamongthosepeople..由each,every,no修饰的名词作主语时，即使有and连接多个并列主语，谓语动词仍用单数形式。Nosoundand(no)voicehasbeenheardforalongtime.Everyboyandeverygirlistreatedinthesamewayinourschool..由or,nor,either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso..等连接并列U主语时，谓语动词的单复数与它临近的主语保持一致。EitheryouorIamgoingtobeinchargeofthismatter..therebe,herebe后接几个并列名词时，谓语be动词的数遵循就近原则。Thereisanorangeandfourbananasleft.(二)数词和量词作主语时的主谓一致“分数+of/百分数+of/therestof/plentyof/themajorityof/lotsof/alotof/aquantityof+可数名词复数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数一般取决于of后名词的数。但quantitiesof…作主语时，谓语动词用复数。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.Aquantityofwaterisneededforcoolingpurpose.=Quantitiesofwaterareneededforcoolingpurpose.“agreatdealof/alargeamountof+不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。但largeamountsof...作主语，谓语动词用复数。Alargeamountofgrainhasbeeneatenbybirds.=Largeamountsofgrainhavebeeneatenbybirds.anumberof,avarietyof修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数；thenumberof,thevarietyof后接名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Thenumberofthestudentsinourclassis50,andanumberofthemarefromHebei.Anumberofstudentshavegoneforanouting.由kind,form,type,species,portion,series等修饰的主语，其谓语动词的单复数取决于这些词的数，而不是它们后面所跟名词的数。Somenewformsofartwerediscussedatthemeeting.(三)其他情况的主谓一致.当主语后带有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,with,alongwith,togetherwith,like,ratherthan,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等连接的成分时，谓语动词的单复数取决于前面主语的单复数。Thehouse,includingthegardenandthepark,wassold.Ithinktheboss,ratherthantheworkers,wastoblamefortheloss..在“oneof+复数名词+who/which/that”引导的定语从句中，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。one前面如果有theonly/very修饰，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。Thisisoneofthequestionsthathavebeenaskedbythestudents.Heistheonlyoneoftheofficerswhowasinvitedtotheball..“morethanone/manya(n)+单数可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Morethanoneboylikestoplaybasketballwhilemanyagirlisgoodatplayingbaseball..强调句itis/was...that/who…中，主句谓语总是用单数。Itishewhotellsusthenews..不定式、动词ing形式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。Toobeythelawiseveryone'sduty.Eatingtoomanysweetsruinsyourteeth.Whyhediditwasveryclear..由两部分构成一个整体的物体名词如shoes,trousers,pants,jeans,glasses等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。但如果这类名词前用了apairof,apieceof,akindof,aseriesof等来修饰，谓语动词的单复数与表示计量单位的名词一致。Histrousersaretoolongtowear.Thispairofglasseswasfoundinthebag.语法填空解题“3视角”.看主语人称，确定谓语动词形式.看充当主语的词(短语)，确定谓语动词形式⑴看到主语为动名词短语/todo不定式或从句，要想到谓语应为第三人称单数形式；(2)看到“分数/百分数+of+名词”作主语，要想到谓语的数取决于名词。.看到therebe等结构，要想到用就近一致原则据第1条解题Thedesignonthebackshows(show)theyelloweyedpenguin,oneoftheworld'srarestpenguins.HavingtraveledfromChinathroughKazakhstan,Russia,Belarus,Poland,Germany,BelgiumandFrancefor18days,thetrainfinallyarrivedinLondon.Insidethe68containerswere(be)householdgoods,clothing,cloth,bagsandsuitcases.据第2条解题Twofifthsofthelandinthatdistrict_is_covered(cover)withtreesnow,about80%ofwhichwere_planted_(plant)inthe1990s.Listeningtoloudmusicatrockconcertshas_caused(cause)hearinglossinsometeenagersovertheyears.据第3条解题NotonlyJasperbutalsohisfriendsare(be)planningtogo,becausetheyhaveneverbeentherebefore.Thereare_(be)alsomanysmalluniversitieswithonlyafewhundredstudents.短文改错解题“3原则”.通过“语法一致”原则解决主谓一致问题(1)可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时谓语动词用单数；可数名词复数作主语时谓语动词用复数。(2)在定语从句中，关系代词that,who,which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。(3)单个的动名词、名词性从句作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。但what引导的主语从句表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数。(4)主语后是艮有with,togetherwith,aswellas等引起的并列主语时，谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。(5)复数形式单数意义的词，如news,maths,plastics,physics作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。.通过“意义一致”原则解决主谓一致问题⑴集体名词作主语时，若被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式；若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员，谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有：family,class,team,group,public,committee,government,audience等。2)“分数/百分数/themajority+of+名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数以及其表示的意义；all,some,half,most,therest等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数取决于主语实际表达的意义。.通过“就近一致”原则解决主谓一致问题由either...or...,neither...nor...,notonly...butalso...等连接的并列主语或者在therebe句型中，谓语动词常与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。据第1条解题Comparedwithonlinegames,manytraditionalgames,likehideandseek,benefitskidsmentallyandphysically.benefits^benefitDr.Smith,togetherwithhiswifeanddaughters,aregoingtovisitBeijingthissummer.arLis据第2条解题Asaresultoftheseriousflood,twothirdsofthebuildingsintheareaneedsrepairing._needsfneed98%ofthesurfacearecoveredpermanentlybyiceandstrongwindsdrivenbygravityblowfromthepoletothecoastline.are^is据第3条解题Therewasalargenumberofpeopleandthetrainwascrowded,buteveryonehelpedthosewhohadlotsofbaggageandbehavedpolitely第一个wasfwereHerecomeyouropportunity:theStudentUnionwillorganizeaPoetryWritingCefcomes［语篇综合检测］I.语法填空IlostmylastdebateintherecentNationalHighSchoolAcademicDebate&SpeechTournamentheldinShanghai.Butinsteadoffocusingonmy__1__(fail),Istoppedtoreflectonmyexperiencesinthepastfewyears__2__adebater.Ingeneral,preparingfornewdebatetopicsusually__3__(include)brainstormingarguments,researchingaresolution(解决)，anddoingdebatepractice.Soifyouspotadebatinggroup,youmightseeussittingtogetherafterschool,orevenalldayatweekends,discussingargumentsandresearchingevidence.Youmightalsonoticeusarguing__4__(fierce)anywherewecan.Notonlyaretheysupportive,butmydebatefriendsalsohavesimilarpassionsandintereststomine.Aswediscussdebatetopics,myfellowdebatersandIcantalkaboutanything,from__5__bestwayofrehabilitating(改造)criminalstothenegativepointsoffreeimmigrationpolicies.However,ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway__6__(practice)ourdebatingskills.Inmymind,theyhelpustobecomecalmandconsider__7__(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.Tome,thedebatingcommunityisagreatplace__8__peoplehelpeachothernotonlybecausethey'reinterestedinahighercause,butbecausetheycareabouthowpeoplefromdifferent__9__(background)canleadbetterlives.I'mgratefultoeachofmydebatefriendsandeverysingleminutewegottospendtogether.Indeed,myhighschoollifewouldbeincompletewithoutthem.SoeventhoughI__10__(defeat)inmylastdebate,I'mstillthankfulforbeingpartofmywonderfuldebatefamily.语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。作者虽然在一次辩论赛中失败了，但停下来反思过去几年作为一名辩手的经历，作者依然觉得获益匪浅。failure考查词性转换。根据空前的形容词性物主代词my可知，此处应用名词，故填fail的名词形式failure。as考查介词。句意：但“我”并没有把注意力集中到自己的失败上，而是停下来反思过去几年自己作为一名辩手的经历。根据句意可知此处用介词as,表示“作为“。includes考查动词的时态和主谓一致。本句中主语为preparingfornewdebatetopics,是动名词短语，故谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。fiercely考查词性转换。句意：你也有可能注意到在任何我们能辩论的地方我们都在激烈地争论。空处修饰arguing,应用副词。the考查冠词。形容词的最高级前要用定冠词the,故此处应填the。topractice考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我们的讨论不仅仅是练习我们辩论技巧的一种方法。此处todo形式作定语。winning考查非谓语动词。在“我”看来，它们有助于我们变得镇静，也帮助我们考虑赢得辩论比赛和解决真正的问题。动词consider“考虑”后跟动词ing形式作宾语。where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，在从句中作地点状语，先行词为place,故用where。backgrou