初中语法之动词时态

(十一)新版初中英语语法之动词的时态（一）一般现在时1、结构：原形：(主语为I\you\we\they以及所有的复数)主语+v-现在式单三：（主语为he、she、it、不可数名词time、单数人名Mary、单数可数名词等第三人称单数）用法：(1)表示经常性、习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态（能力、特征、职务、身份、籍贯等）,标志词：常与often，sometimes，usually，always，seldom（很少），everyday，onSunday，onweekends等时间状语连用，或用于以when，until，till，if，unless引导的条件状语从句中。IamanEnglishteacher.我是一名英语教师。Heisoftenlate.他经常迟到。HeteachesEnglish.他教英语。IcanspeakEnglish.我会讲英语。Iusuallygotoschoolat7:00everymorning.我每天早上通常7:00去上学。Iwillgohomeifyoucometomyhouse.如果你来我家我就回家。Assoonasyoucomeback,ringmeupplease.你一回家，就给我打电话。（2）表示普遍存在的真理。Theearthisround.地球是圆的。ChinaisintheeastofAsia.中国在亚洲东部。TanJiexiisasinger.谭杰希是一名歌手。（3）表示预先计划或安排好的肯定要发生的动作（只限于come/go/start/begin/leave/return/stop等短暂性动词）NextweektheyleaveforShanghai.下周他们要去上海SchoolbeginsonFeb27th.学校2月27日开学。Thebusleavesthestationat7:00.公共汽车7:00离开车站。3、否定句结构：*把肯定句变为否定句，若有be动词(am\is\are)找be动词，并在am\is\are后面加not；无be动词找情态动词(can、should、could、may、might、must等），并在情态动词后面加not；如果be动词和情态动词都没有，就找助动词do\does，并在do和does后面加not。即：am(1)主语+beis+not(isn’t)are(aren’t)主语否定句肯定句We

(aren’t/arenot)

are

boys．TheyYou(你们)You(你)

aboy．She(isn’t/isnot)isHeItI(amnot)am(2)主语+donot(don’t)+v-原形主语+doesnot(doesn’t)+v-原形主语否定句肯定句

inMinleTownMiddleSchool.I(don’twork)workWeYou(你\你们)TheyHe(doesn’twork)worksSheIt4、动词第三人称单数变化规则：（have—has)1,、一般动词在词尾加shelp—helpslike—likesswim—swimsknow—knows2、以s、x、ch、sh、o字母结尾的动词，在词尾加esgo—goesteach—teacheswatch—watcheswash—washes3、以辅音字母加y结尾的单词，改y为iescry—criesfly—fliesstudy—studiestry—tries5、疑问句结构：*把肯定句变为一般疑问句，若有be动词(am\isare)找be动词，把am\is\are提于句首，并大写开头字母；若无be动词找情态动词(can、should、could、may、might、must等），把情态动词提于句首，并大写开头字母；如果be动词和情态动词都没有，就找助动词do\does，并把do和does提于句首，大写开头字母，并把原句中第三人称单数形式还原为动词原形即可。即：(1)Do/Does+主语+v-原形+...？主语

workinMinleTownMiddleSchool？肯定回答否定回答DoIYes,youdo.No,youdon’t.weYes,youdo.No,youdon’t.You(你）Yes,Ido.No,Idon’t.You(你们)Yes,wedo.No,wedon’t.theyYes,theydo.No,theydon’t.DoesheYes,hedoes,No，hedoesn’t.sheYes,shedoes.No,shedoesn’t.itYes,itdoes.No,itdoesn’t.(2)Am/Is/Are+主语+...？主语

Chinese?肯定回答否定回答

Are weYes,youare.No,youaren’t.you（你们）Yes,weare.No,wearen’t.theyYes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.you(你)

aChinese?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.IssheYes,sheis.No,sheisn’t.heYes,heis.No,heisn’t.itYes,itis.No,itisn’t.AmIYes,youare.No,youaren’t.

（二）、现在进行时am主语为(I)is(主语为主语为he、she、it、不可数名词time、单1、结构：主语+数人名Mary、单数可数名词等第三人称单数）+v-ingare(主语为you\we\they以及所有的复数)2、用法：1)表示说话时正在进行的动作,常与now,atthemoment,atthepresent,rightnow,listen,look等时间状语连用。Listen!Thebirdissinging.听！这只鸟正在唱歌。Theyarereadingnow.他们现在正在读书。Heissingingintheroom.他正在房间里面唱歌。2)表示现阶段正在进行的动作。ThestudentsarestudyingEnglishatthesedays.这些日子学生正在学习英语。Heislearningtodance.他正在学跳舞。ThegirlsarewatchingTVnow.女孩们正在看电视。3)用进行时表最近安排或计划要发生的动作，只限于go/come/leave/start/arrive/return等短暂性动词。Mymomiscomingbackfromschool.我的妈妈正从学校回来。HeisleavingforHongKong.他正在前往香港。Heisgoingshopping.他正在购物.否定句结构：*若把肯定句变为否定句，则只需在am\is\are后面加not即可。主语+am/is/are+not+v-ing主语否定句肯定句I\She\He\It(amnot)amwatchingTVnow.We\You（你\你们）\They(arenot/aren’t)are

4、疑问句结构：*若把肯定句变为一般疑问句，则只需把am\is\are提于句首，并大写开头字母即可。即：Am/Is/Are+主语+v-ing+...？

Am主语

watchingTVnow?肯定回答否定回答IYes,youare.No,youaren’t.IssheYes,sheis.No,sheisn’t.heYes,heis.No,heisn’t.itYes,itis..No,itisn’t.AreweYes,youare.’t.You（你）Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.You（你们）Yes,weare.No,wearen’t.theyYes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.5、动词ing形式变化规则1、一般动词在词尾加ingwork—workingplay—playingwatch—watchingask—asking2、以不发音的e字母（包括-ee/-oe-/ye）结尾，去掉e字母，再加inglike—likinglove—lovingdance—dancinglive—living3、以一个不发本身音的元音字母（重读闭音节）加一个辅音字母结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ingstop—stoppingshop—shoppingplan—planningrun—running

（三）一般过去时（讲述过去的事实）1、结构：主语+V-过去式（be-was/were）2、用法：表示过去某一时刻发生或存在的动作或状态,常与yesterday,in1997,lastweek,lastyear,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday，threeyearsago等时间状语连用。Hewasastudentthreeyearsago.三年前他是一名学生。Herodeahorseyesterday.昨天他去骑马。Theywentswimminglastweek.上星期他们去游泳。Theywerestudentslastyear.去年他们是学生。Shetalkedwithafarmerjustnow.刚才她在和一位农民说话。Hewasastudentthreeyearsago.三年前他是一名学生。Herodeahorseyesterday.昨天他去骑马。Theywentswimminglastweek.上星期他们去游泳。Theywerestudentslastyear.去年他们是学生。Shetalkedwithafarmerjustnow.刚才她在和一位农民说话。3、否定句结构：*把肯定句变为否定句，若有be动词(was\were)找be动词，在was\were后面加not；若无be动词找情态动词(can、should、could、may、might、must等），并在情态动词后面加not；如果be动词和情态动词都没有，就找助动词did，在did后面加not，并把原句中的动词过去式还原为动词原即可。(1)主语+did+not(didn’t)+v—原形主语否定句肯定句时间状语I\We\You(你/你们)(didn’tmilk)milkedacowyesterday.They\He\She\It

（2）主语+was/were+not(wasn’t/weren’t)主语否定句肯定句We\You(你\你们）\They(weren’t/werenot)wereboys.He\She\It(wasn’t\wasnot)wasaboy.

4、疑问句结构*把肯定句变为一般疑问句，有be动词(was\were)找be动词，无be动词找情态动词,并在情态动词后面加not；如果be动词和情态动词都没有，就找助动词did，并把did提于句首，大写开头字母，把原句中动词过去式还原为动词原形即可。(1)Was/Were+主语+...?

Were

Was主语肯定回答否定回答weworkers?Yes,youwere.No,youweren’t.you(你们)Yes,wewere.No,weweren’t.theyYes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.you(你)aworker?Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasn’t.sheYes,shewas.No,shewasn’t.heYes,hewas.No,hewasn’t.itYes,itwas.No,itwasn’t.(2)Did+主语+v-原形+...?

Did主语

milkacowyesterday?肯定回答否定回答IYes,youdid.No,youdidn’t.weYes,youdid.No,youdidn’t.you(你们)Yes,wedid.No,wedidn’t.you(你)Yes,Idid.No,Ididn’t.theyYes,theydid.No,theydidn’t.heYes,hedid.No,hedidn’t.sheYes,shedid.No,shedidn’t.itYes,itdid.No,itdidn’t.5、动词过去式、过去分词变化规则(不规则动词见七年级下册起课本附录不规则动词表(IrregularVerbs)变化规则词例1、一般动词在词尾加edwork—worked—workedwatch—watched—watchedplay—played—played2、以e字母结尾的动词在词尾加dlove—loved—lovedlike—liked—likedlive—lived—lived3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为iedtry—tried—triedcry—cried—criedstudy-studied—studied4、以一个不发本身音的元音字母（重读闭音节）加一个辅音字母结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母，再加edstop—stopped—-stoppedplan—planned—plannedshop—shopped—shoppedstop—stopped—stopped

*（四）过去进行时1、结构：主语+was/were+v-ing2、用法：表示过去某一时间或某一时刻正在进行或发生的动作，常与then,atnine,atteno’clockyesterday,atthatmoment等时间状语连用，常用于以when和while引导的时间状语从句中(以when和while引导的时间状语从句,主句用一般过去时，从句用过去进行时)。IwasstudyingEnglishat7:00yesterdaymorning.昨天早上7:00我正在学习英语。MymotherwascookingwhenIcamebackfromschool.我从学校回来时妈妈正在做饭。Theywerecuttingdowntreesatthattimeyesterday.昨天的那个时候他们正在砍树。Whatwereyoudoingat10:00lastnight？昨天晚上10:00你正在做什么？Iwasdoingmyhomeworkwhenmyfathercameback.我爸爸回来的时候我正在做作业。3、否定句结构：*若把肯定句变为否定句，则只需在was\were后面加not即可。主语+was/were+not+v-ing主语否定句肯定句时间状语I\She\He\It(wasnot/wasn’t)waswritingat9:00yesterday.We\You(你\你们)\They(werenot/weren’t)were4、疑问句结构：*若把肯定句变为一般疑问句，则只需把was\were提于句首，并大写开头字母即可。Was/Were+主语+v-ing主语

writingat9:00yesterday?肯定回答否定回答

WasIYes,youwere.No,youweren’t.sheYes,shewas..No,shewasn’t..heYes,hewas..No,hewasn’t..itYes,Iwas..No,Iwasn’t.WereweYes,youwere.No,youweren’t..you（你们）Yes,wewere.No,weweren’t.you(你)Yes,Iwas.No,Iwasn’t.theyYes,theywere.No,theyweren’t.(五）一般将来时1、结构：am(1)主语+beis+goingto+v-原形are(2)主语+will+v-原形（用于所有的人称和数）(3)主语+shall+v-原形（只限于主语为we和I）(4）therebe结构的将来时态结构：某地将会有某物TherewillbeTherewillbeafootballmatchthisevening.今晚会有一场足球赛。Therewillberobotsinthefuture.将来会有机器人。Thereis\aregoingtobeThereisgoingtobeateachingbuildinginourschool.我们学校会有一栋教学楼。Therearegoingtobefewertreesinthebigcities.大城市里的树将会更少。2用法：表示将来某一时刻计划、打算、决定要做的事情，常与nextweek,thisevening,in2017,tomorrow,inthreeweeks,thedayaftertomorrow,inthefuture,beforelong（不久），soon，等表示将来的时间状语连用。IamgoingtoswimnextSunday.下星期天我打算去游泳。Sheisgoingtocometomybirthdaypartythisevening.今晚她打算来参加我的生日晚会。Theyaregoingtotakeguitarlessontomorrowmorning.明天早上他们要去上钢琴课。Iwillseeyounextmonth.下个月我来看你。Weshallgohomethedayaftertomorrow.后天我会回家。3、否定句结构(1)主语+beam/is/are+not+goingtov-原形主语否定句肯定句

goingtoplayfootballthisafternoon.I(amnot)amShe(isnot/isn’t)isHeItWe(arenot/aren’t)areYou(你\你们)They

（2）主语+shall+not+v-原形（只限于主语为we和I）(3）主语+will+not+v-原形(用于所有人称和数)主语否定句肯定句playfootballthisafternoon.I\We\will\(won’t)shallnot(shalln’t)will\shallHe\She\He\It\You（你\你们）\They\willnot(won’t)\will

3疑问句结构：*若把肯定句变为一般疑问句，则只需把am/is/are\will\shall提于句首，并大写开头字母即可。（1）Am/Is/Are+主语+goingto+v-原形谓语主语

goingtoplayfootballthisafternoon?肯定回答否定回答AmIYes,youare.No,youaren’t.IssheYes,sheis.No,sheisn’t.heYes,heis.No,heisn’t.itYes,itis.No,itisn’t.AreweYes,youare.’t.you（你）Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.you（你们）Yes,weare.No,wearen’t.theyYes,theyare.No,theyaren’t.

(2)Will+主语+v-原形(用于所有人称和数)(3)Shall+主语v-原形（只限于主语为we和I）

Will\Shall主语

playfootballthisafternoon?

肯定回答否定回答IYes,youwill\shall.No,youwillnot(won’t)\shalln’t.weYes,youwill\shall.No,youwillnot(won’t)shalln’t.

Will

sheYes,shewill.No,shewillnot(won’t).heYes,hewill.No,hewillnot(won’t).itYes,itwill.(won’t).you（你们）Yes,wewill.No,wewillnot(won’t).You(你)Yes,Iwill.No,Iwillnot(won’t).theyYes,theywill.No,theywillnot(won’t).（六）现在完成时1、肯定句：主语+have\has+v-过去分词2、用法：表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，也可以表示过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与already、just、before、recently（肯定句）、never、ever、yet（否定句或疑问句）、sofar、uptonow或以since+一般过去时时间状语从句、since+过去某一时刻以及for+一段时间等时间状语连用。Ihavebeentothezooforalotoftimes.我去过动物园好多次。Hehasturnedoffthelight.他已经把灯关了。WehavestayedinChinasince2001.自2001年以来我们就呆在中国..我们在景谷二中将近有两年了。否定句结构：*若把肯定句变为否定句，则只需在have\has后面加not即可。主语+have\has+not+v-过去分词（可缩写为haven’t\hasn’t)主语否定句肯定句beentoKunmingyet.I\We\You(你\你们）\They\havenot(haven’t)\haveShe\He\It\hasnot(hasn’t)\has疑问句结构：*若把肯定句变为一般疑问句，则只需把have\has提于句首，并大写开头字母即可。Have\Has+主语+v-过去分词+...?

Have主语

beentoKunming?

肯定回答否定回答IYes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.you(你们)Yes,wehave.No,wehaven’t.you(你)Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven’t.weYes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.theyYes,theyhave.No,theyhaven’t.HassheYes,shehas.No,shehasn’t.heYes,hehas.No,hehasn’t.itYes,ithas.No,ithasn’t.

5、动词过去式、过去分词变化规则变化规则词例1、一般动词在词尾加edwork—worked—workedwatch—watched—watchedplay—played—played2、以e字母结尾的动词在词尾加dlove—loved—lovedlike—liked—likedlive—lived—lived3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为iedtry—tried—triedcry—cried—criedstudy—studied—studied4、以一个不发本身音的元音字母（重读闭音节）加一个辅音字母结尾的动词，双写末尾辅音字母，再加ed.stop—stopped-—stoppedplan—planned—plannedshop—shopped—shoppedplan—planned—planned6、不规则动词见七年级下册起每一册课本最后附录不规则动词表(IrregularVerbs)1）与动词原形一致。如：let→let→let;put→put→put;read→read→read2）若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如feel→felt→felt;keep→kept→kept;sleep→slept→slept3)结尾的字母d变t。如：lend→lent→lent;build→built→built;send→sent→sent4)变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy→bought→bought;bring→brought→brought;catch→caught→caught;teach→taught→taught*（七）过去完成时1、结构：主语+had+v-过去分词2、用法：(1)过去完成时表示在过去某个时间或动作之前已经完成的动作或一直存在的状态。它表示动作所发生的时间是“过去的过去”。常与by、before、when、after、until引导的时间状语从句连用。如：bytheendoflastweek、bythattime（到那时为止）、longbefore(很久以前）、bythetime（在......以前，到......的时候）Shehadlearnt2,000Englishwordsbytheendoflastmonth.到上个月月底，她已经学了2，000个英语单词。BythetimeIgotup，mybrotherhadalreadygottonintheshower.在我起床之前，我哥哥就在洗澡了。BythetimeIwalkedintoclass,theteacherhadstartedteachingalready.当我总进课堂的时候，老师已经开始上课了。WhenIgottoclassroom,IrealizedthatIhadfogottenmykeys.当我走进教室的时候，我意识到我忘记带钥匙了。3、否定句结构：*若把肯定句变为否定句，则只需在had后面加not即可。主语+hadnot+v-过去分词即可。（hadnot=hadn’t)

Bythetimeoflastyear主语否定句肯定句

beentoKunmingyet.I\we\you（你\你们)\they\she\he\ithadnot(hadn’t)had

4、疑问句结构：*若把肯定句变为一般疑问句，则只需把had提于句首，并大写开头字母即可。Had+主语+v-过去分词+...?

Bythetimeoflastyear主语

hadalreadybeentoKunming?肯定回答否定回答IYes,youhad.No,youhadn’t.you(你们)Yes,wehad.No,wehadn’t.you(你)Yes,Ihad.No,Ihadn’t.weYes,youhad.No,youhadn’t.theyYes,theyhad.No,theyhadn’t.sheYes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.heYes,he