近十年考研英语阅读与完形整理

2011年英语考研必备10.[A]about[B]for[C]on

11.[A]compared[C]subjected

12.[A]contrarytoconsistentwith[C]

paralleiwithpeculiarto

13.[A]evidenceguidance[C]impIication

年全国顼土研究生入学统一考试英语试题

201014.[A]disputableenlightening[C]reliable

15.[A]IncontrastForexample[C]Inconsequence

闻

SectionIUseofEnglish16.[A]duly⑻accidentally[C]unpredictably

17.[A]failedceased[C]started

20.[A]breakingclimbing(01surpassing

Directions：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreach

numberedblankandmark[A],[B],[C]or[D]onANSWERSHEET1.Section11ReadingComprehension

(10points)

PartA

In1924America'sNationalResearchCounciIsenttwo

engineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsataDirections：

largetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthornePlantnearReadthefollowingfourtexts.Answerthequestionsbeloweach

Chicago.Ithopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floorIightingtextbychoosing[A].[B],[C]or[D].MarkyouranswersonANSWER

Iworkers'productivity.Instead,thestudiesendedSHEET1.(40points)

Text1

2givingtheirnametothe“Hawthorneeffect”,the

extremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3tobeingOfalIthechangesthathavetakenplaceinEnglish-language

newspapersduringthepastquarter-century,perhapsthemost

experimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.

far-reachinghasbeentheinexorabledeciineinthescopeand

Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomen

seriousnessoftheirartscoverage.

intheHawthorneplant.Accordingto5oftheexperiments,ItisdifficulttothepointofimpossibiIityfortheaverage

readerundertheageoffortytoimagineatimewhenhigh-quaIity

theirhourlyoutputrosewhenIightingwasincreased,butalso

artscriticismcouldbefoundinmostbig-citynewspapers.Yet

whenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot6whatwasdoneintheaconsiderablenumberofthemostsignificantcollectionsof

criticismpubIishedinthe20thcenturyconsistedinlargepart

experiment;7somethingwaschanged,productivityrose.

ofnewspaperreviews.Toreadsuchbookstodayistomarvelat

A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtothefactthattheirlearnedcontentswereoncedeemedsuitable

forpubIicationingeneraI-circulationdaiIies

be9toalterworkers'behavior10itself.Yleareevenfartherremovedfromtheunfocusednewspaper

reviewspubIishedinEngIandbetweentheturnofthe20thcentury

Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere11to

andtheeveofY/orIdWar11,atatimewhennewsprintwas

econometrictheanalysis.Hawthorneexperimentshasanotherdirt-cheapandstylishartscriticismwasconsideredanornament

surprisestore12thedescriptionsonrecord,notothepubIicationsinwhichitappeared.Inthosefar-offdays,

itwastakenforgrantedthatthecriticsofmajorpaperswould

systematic13wasfoundthatIeveIsofproductivitywere

writeindetaiIandatIengthabouttheeventstheycovered.

relatedtochangesinIighting.Theirswasaseriousbusiness,andeventhosereviewerswhowore

ItturnsoutthatpeculiarwayofconductingtheexperimentstheirlearningIightly,IikeGeorgeBernardShawandErnest

Newman,couldbetrustedtoknowwhattheywereabout.Thesemen

maybehaveletto14interpretationofwhathapped.

beIievedinjournalismasacalIing.andwereproudtobe

15,IightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkpubIishedinthedailypress."Sofewauthorshavebrainsenough

orIiterarygiftenoughtokeeptheirownendupinjournaIism,"

startedagainonMonday,output16rosecomparedwiththe

Newmanwrote,“thatIamtemptedtodefineJournalism*as

previousSaturdayand17toriseforthenextcoupIeof'atermofcontemptappliedbywriterswhoarenotreadto

writerswhoare.'"

days.18.acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasUnfortunately,thesecriticsarevirtuallyforgotten.

NeviIIeCardus,whowrotefortheManchesterGuardianfrom1917

noexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday,

untiIshortlybeforehisdeathin1975,isnowknownsolelyas

workers19tobediIigentforthefirstfewdaysofthe

awriterofessaysonthegameofcricket.DuringhisIifetime,

weekinanycase,before20aplateauandthenslackeningthough,hewasalsooneofEngland'sforemostclassical-music

critics,astyIistsowidelyadmiredthathisAutobiography(1947)

off.Thissuggeststhatthealleged"Hawthorneeffect"ishard

becameabe$t-seller.Hewasknightedin1967.thefirstmusic

topindown.

critictobesohonored.Yetonlyoneofhisbooksisnowinprint,

andhisvastbodyofwritingsonmusicisunknownsaveto

1.[A]affected[B]achieved[Oipextahbtbsl[D]restored

2.[A]at[B]up[C]withthereanychancethatJDQarofifc'scriticismwi11enjoya

3.[A]truth[B]sight[C^e«btal?Theprospectseems[Djeip(rt)©fJournalistictasteshad

4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing[Ojhariiseiftilenaiseforehisdeath.画如bSferoodernreadershavelittle

5.[A]requirements[B]explanationfC]accounts[D]usefortherichlyupholsteredVicwardianproseinwhichhe

assessmentsspecialized.Moreover,theamateurtraditioninmusiccriticism

6.[A]conclude[B]matter[QjaGrktecatSheadlongretreaUD]work

7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[D]solongas

8.[A]awareness[B]expectation吗1sepf嗜哈dicatedinPara&pNs'Pa桶2that

9.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant

2大家版词典级31年考研英语真题及答案

[A]artscriticismhasdisappearedfrombig-cityofonlinetransactions.Later,moveestabIishedcompaniesraced

newspapers.toaddsuchpatentstotheirfiles.ifonlyasadefensivemove

[B]English-languagenewspapersusedtocarrymoreartsagainstrivalsthatmightbeatthemtothepunch.In2005,IBM

reviews.notedinacourtfilingthatithadbeenissuedmorethan300

[C]high-qualitynewspapersretainalargebodyofbusiness-methodpatentsdespitethefactthatitquestionedthe

readers.legalbasisforgrantingthem.Similarly,someWalIStreet

[D]youngreadersdoubtthesuitabiIityofcriticismoninvestmentfiImsarmedthemseIveswithpatentsforfinancial

daiIducts,evenastheytookpositionsincourtcasesopposing

thepractice.

TheBiIskicaseinvolvesaclaimedpatentonamethodfor

22.NewspaperreviewsinEngIandbeforeWorldWar11were

hedgingriskintheenergymarket.TheFederalcircuitissued

characterizedby

anunusuaIorderstatingthatthecasewouldbeheardbyalI12

ofthecourt'sjudges,ratherthanatypicalpanelofthree,and

[A]freethemes.thatoneissueitwantstoevaluateiswhetheritshouId

[B]casualstyle."reconsider"itsstatestreetBankruling.

[C]elaborateIayout.TheFederalCircuit'sactioncomesinthewakeofaseries

[D]radicalviewpoints.ofrecentdecisionsbythesupremeCourtthathasnarrowedthe

scopeofprotectionsforpatentholders.LastApril,forexample

23.WhichofthefollowingwouldShawandNewmanmostprobablythejusticessignaIedthattoomanypatentswerebeingupheId

agreeon?for"inventions"thatareobviousThejudgesontheFederal

circuitare"reactingtotheanti-patenttrendattheSupreme

Court”,saysHaroldC.Wegner,apatentattorneyandprofessor

[A]Itiswriters'dutytofulfilljournalisticgoals.

atGeorgeWashingtonUniversityLawSchooI.

[B]Itiscontemptibleforwriterstobejournalists.

[C]Writersarelikelytobetemptedintojournalism.

[D]NotalIwritersarecapabIeofjournaIisticwriting.26.Business-methodpatentshaverecentlyarousedconcern

becauseof

24.WhatcanbelearnedaboutCardusaccordingtothelasttwo

paragraphs?[A]theirIimitedvaluetobusiness

[B]theirconnectionwithassetallocation

[C]thepossiblerestrictionontheirgranting

[A]HismusiccriticismmaynotappeaItoreaderstoday.

[D]thecontroversyoverauthorization

[B]Hisreputationasamusiccritichaslongbeenin

dispute.

[C]Hisstylecaterslargelytomodernspecialists.27.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheBiIskicase?

[D]HiswritingsfaiItofoilowtheamateurtradition.

[A⑻lItsrulingcompIieswiththecourtdecisions

25.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?⑹Itinvolvesaverybigbusinesstransaction

IthasbeendismissedbytheFederalCircuit

[DIItmaychangethelegalpracticesintheU.S.

[A]NewspapersoftheGoodOldDays

[B]TheLostHorizoninNewspapers

[C]MournfulDeciineofJournalism28.Theword“about-face”(Line1.Para3)mostprobablymeans

[D]ProminentCriticsinMemory

[A]Iossofgoodwi11

Text2[B]increaseofhost!Iity

[C]changeofattitude

[D]enhancementofdignity

Overthepastdecade,thousandsofpatentshavebeengranted

forwhatarecalledbusinessmethods.Amazon,comreceivedone

forits“one-click“onIinepaymentsystem.MerrillLynchgot29.Ylelearnfromthelasttwoparagraphsthatbusiness-method

legalprotectionforanassetallocationstrategy.Oneinventorpatents

patentedatechniqueforliftingabox.

Nowthenation'stoppatentcourtappearscompIeteIyready[A]areimmunetolegalchailenges

toscalebackonbusiness-methodpatents,whichhavebeen[B]areoftenunnecessarilyissued

controversialeversincetheywerefirstauthorized10yearsago[C]lowertheesteemforpatentholders

InamovethathasintelIectuaI-propertylawyersabuzztheU.S.[D]increasetheincidenceofrisks

courtofAppeaIsforthefederalcircuitsaiditwouldusea

particularcasetoconductabroadreviewofbusiness-method

30.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethesubjectofthetext?

patents.InreBiIski.asthecaseisknown.is“averybigdeal",

saysDennisD.CrouchoftheUniversityofMissouriSchoolof

law.It"hasthepotentialtoeliminateanentireclassof[A]AIoomingthreattobusiness-methodpatents

patents.w[B]Protectionforbusiness-methodpatentholders

Curbsonbusiness-methodclaimswouldbeadramatic[C]Alegalcaseregardingbusiness-methodpatents

about-face,becauseitwasthefederalcircuititselfthat[D]AprevaiIingtrendagainstbusiness-methodpatents

introducedsuchpatentswithis1998decisionintheso-ca11ed

stateStreetBankcase,approvingapatentonawayofpooIing

Text3

mutual-fundassets.Thatrulingproducedanexplosionin

business-methodpatentfiIings,initiallybyemerginginternet

companiestryingtostakeoutexclusiverightstospecifictypesInhisbookTheTippingPoint.MalcolmGladwelIarguesthat

$ociaIepidemicsaredriveninlargepartbytheactingofatiny33Whattheresearchershaveobservedrecentlyshowsthat

minorityofspecialindividuals,oftencalledinfluentials.who

areunusuallyinformed,persuasive,orwe11-connected.Theidea

[A]thepowerofinfluencegoeswithsocialinteractions

isintuitivelycompelIing.butitdoesn'texplainhowideas

[B]interpersonaIIinkscanbeenhancedthroughthemedia

actuallyspread.

[C]influentialshavemorechannelstoreachthepublic

Thesupposedimportanceofinfluentialsderivesfroma

[D]mostcelebritiesenjoywidemediaattention

plausiblesoundingbutlargelyuntestedtheorycalledthe”two

stepflowofcommunication"：Informationflowsfromthemedia

，z

totheinfluentialsandfromthemtoeveryoneelse.Marketers34.TheunderIinedphrase“thesepeopIeinparagraph4refers

haveembracedthetwo-stepflowbecauseitsuggeststhatiftheytotheoneswho

canjustfindandinfluencetheinfluentials.thoseselected

peopIewi11domostoftheworkforthem.Thetheoryalsoseems[A]stayoutsidethenetworkofsocialinfIuence

toexplainthesuddenandunexpectedpopularityofcertainlooks,[B]havelittlecontactwiththesourceofinfluence

brands,orneighborhoods.Inmanysuchcases,acursorysearch[C]areinfluencedandtheninfluenceothers

forcausesfindsthatsomesmalIgroupofpeopIewaswearing,[D]areinfluencedbytheinitialinfluential

promoting,ordevelopingwhateveritisbeforeanyoneelsepaid

attention.AnecdotaIevidenceofthiskindfitsnicelywiththe

35whatistheessentialeIementinthedynamicsofsociaI

ideathatonlycertainspecialpeopIecandrivetrends

influence?

Intheirrecentwork,however,someresearchershavecome

upwiththefindingthatinfluentialshavefarlessimpacton

socialepidemicsthanisgenerallysupposed.Infact,theydon't[A]Theeagernesstobeaccepted

seemtoberequiredofalI.[B]TheimpuIsetoinfluenceothers

Theresearchers'argumentstemsfromasimpleobserving[C]Thereadinesstobeinfluenced

aboutsociaIinfluence,withtheexceptionofafewcelebrities[D]Theinclinationtorelyonothers

IikeOprahWinfrey-whoseoutsiz