北京师范大学2018年Jessup招新题目

北京师范大学2018年Jessup招新题目TheCaseConcerningtheSistersoftheSunAtaniav.RahadQuestion:YouarethelawyerwhowillpresentbeforethehonourablebenchofInternationalCourtofJustice.Pleasecarefullyreadthroughthefacts,chooseoneparty(eitherAtaniaorRahad)andsummityourissue-spottingoutlinefortheissuebelow.Pleaseseeasampleofissue-spottingoutlinesfollowingthefacts.TheoutlineshouldbeinEnglish.Thereisnopagelimit,howeverlengthisnotwhatwearelookingfor.PleaseuseTimesNewRoman,fontsize12pt,doublespaceand12ptofspacebeforeandaftereachparagraph.PleaseuseAandRtorespectivelyrefertoAtaniaandRahad.Recommendedmaterialsareinthesecondattachment.Pleasefeelfreetousealltherecommendedmaterialsandalsoconductyourownresearch.Issue(thequestionthatyouaregoingtoanswerinyouroutline):DoRahad’sSavaliPipelineoperationsviolateanylegalobligationsrelatingtotheKinCanyonComplex?Facts:Applicant,theFederationoftheClansoftheAtan(“Atania”),andRespondent,theKingdomofRahad(“Rahad”),areneighboringstatesthatoccupytheNomadCoast.TheNomadCoast,characterizedbyaridandsemi-aridlands,isboundedtothenorthbytheGreatGarnetDesertandisotherwisesurroundedbytheEmeraldOcean.Ataniaisanewly-industrializingstatelocatedintheeasterntwo-thirdsoftheNomadCoast.Asof1January2015,Ataniahadapopulationofjustover22million.Seventy-fivepercentoftheGDPofAtaniaisbasedontheextractionandexportationofhydrocarbons;thecountry’sothermajorsourcesofrevenuearetourismandgrainexports.InJanuary2010,thecountry’sGDPwasUS$102billion,althoughbyJanuary2016,ithadfallentoUS$80billion.TheKingdomofRahad,aconstitutionalmonarchy,occupiesthewesternthirdoftheNomadCoast.ThecurrentQueen,TeresaSavaliII,hasexecutiveauthoritytocommandthenation’sarmedforces,toconveneanddissolvethenationalparliament,andtoappointanddismissgovernmentministers.Rahad’slargestexportisnaturalgas.Rahad’sGDPinJanuary2016wasestimatedatUS$11billion.AccordingtotheFebruary2014census,itspopulationwas3.5million.TheGreaterInataAquifer(“theAquifer”)isthelargestundergroundsourceoffreshwaterintheNomadCoastandisoneofthelargestaquifersintheworld.PeopleoftheNomadCoasthavereliedupondischargefromtheAquiferformanygenerations,butadefinitivemapoftheAquiferitselfwasnotproduceduntil1990.TheKinCanyonComplex(“theComplex”)isagroupofthreecanyonscutbylong-extinctriversstraddlingtheborderbetweenAtaniaandRahad.TheComplexcoversapproximately300squarekilometers.ThecanyonsthatconstitutetheComplexarelocatedatthedeepestpartofagreaterwadisystem.Eachisoverfourkilometersdeep,consistinglargelyoflayersofbrightlycoloredsandstoneandlimestone.AmongthemanyhistoricsiteslocatedwithintheComplexisawalledfortressknownas“theStronghold,”anarchitecturallyandarchaeologicallysignificantassemblyofancientdwellingsandceremonialstructures.AlsoofgreatinteresttoarcheologistsandtouristsistheSunriseMesa,afreestandingsandstonebutteapproximately160meterstallpositioned250metersnorthoftheStronghold.Whentherisingsunstrikesit,thebutteappearstosparklewithredlight.TwoofthethreecanyonsarewithinthebordersofAtania;thethirdcanyonandtheSunriseMesaarewithintheterritoryofRahad.FirstsettledintheNeolithicEra,theKinCanyonsarearichsourceofarchaeologicaltreasures.TheComplexwasdescribedina2015issueofNationalGeographicmagazineas“acontinuingsourceofsomeofthemostfascinatinginsightsintoearlyhumancivilizations.”CriticalarcheologicaldiscoverieswithintheComplexincludeterracottafigurines,flintaxes,andjewelryalldatingfrombetween10,000and5,000BCE.ThepeopleofbothRahadandAtaniadescendfromtheAtan,theoriginalinhabitantsoftheComplex.Whentheriversthatcarvedthecanyonsdriedupmorethan3,000yearsago,mostoftheAtaninhabitantsmigratedtocoastalregionsandseparatedinto17clans.Oneoftheclans,ClanKin,remainedintheComplexandprovidedfortheprotectionoftheCanyons,whichtheyveneratedasthebirthplaceoftheirancestors.Accordingtolegend,in500CE,Teppa,awarrioroftheClanKin,uncoveredaplotbyawarlord,IfantheDesertFox,toinvadetheNomadCoast.TodefendtheKinCanyons,Teppapersuadedall17AtanclanstostandtogetheragainstIfan’sraiders,andunderherleadership,theunitedclansdefeatedtheinvaders.Humbledbyhisdefeat,IfanofferedhislifetoTeppa.TeppaforgaveIfan,raisedtheRubySipar,aceremonialshieldladenwithjewels,anddeclaredpeace.Teppadiedahero.Herexploitswerethesubjectofpoetry,andherimagewasfeaturedinpottery,mosaics,andcoinageoftheera.InrecognitionofherpivotalroleinsavingthesacredcanyonsandunitingthepeopleoftheNomadCoast,theKinhonoredTeppa’smemorybyestablishing“theSistersoftheSun,”anorderofwomendedicatedtoprotectingandpreservingthecultureandtraditionsoftheKin.Althoughmuchoftheirhistoryhasbeenlostthroughtheages,theSistersoftheSuncontinuetoserveassocialandculturalleaderswithinKinsocietyandasmediatorsinlocaldisputes.ThememberswearminiaturereplicasoftheRubySipararoundtheirnecksasasymboloftheirloyaltytotheSistersandtothefounderoftheorder.AfterinitialhostilecontactwithEuropeanexplorersinthelateeighteenthandearlynineteenthcenturies,the17Atanclansheldapeacefulceremonialgatheringin1863.Anticipatingfuturecontactwithothernationsandinanattempttouniteinperpetuity,16oftheclanselectedtoenterintotherepublicanfederation,Atania,whichstillexiststoday.ClanRahadchosetoremainindependentandestablishedtheKingdomofRahad.Permanentboundariesbetweenthetwostateswereestablishedatthegathering.TheKinlivedintheComplexuntiltheformationofthetwonewstates,whentheymigratedtolandseastoftheComplexinAtania.TheyremainlargelyculturallyandpoliticallyisolatedfromtherestofAtaniansociety,avoidingmoderntechnologyandlivingoffthelandthroughfarming,hunting,andgathering.Asof1January2013,theKinaccountedfor98%ofsubsistencefarmersinAtania.Forcenturies,theoriginalRubySiparwasbelievedtohavebeenlostforever.In1903,Dr.GenaLogres,anarchaeologistfromtheUniversityofAtanagrad,conductinganexcavationintheComplexwithintheterritoryofAtania,discoveredwhatappearedtobetheoriginalRubySiparfeaturingmorethan100preciousgemssurroundingalargesunmadeentirelyofrubies.Dr.LogrestooktheobjecttotheUniversityofAtanagrad,whereitwasplacedonpublicdisplay.Subsequentarchaeologicalresearchconfirmeditsauthenticity.In1990,AtaniaandRahadjointlyproposedthattheComplexbeincludedonUNESCO’sWorldHeritageListasaculturalandnaturalheritageproperty.Thejointproposalincludedatwo-kilometer“bufferzone,”extendingfromtheedgeoftheComplexinalldirections.TheWorldHeritageCommitteeacceptedtheproposalandlistedtheKinCanyonComplexasamixedheritagesiteon2May1994.In1996,theRubySipar,identifiedas“onloanfromtheUniversityofAtanagrad,”wasmovedtoanewlyconstructedCulturalCenterontheAtaniansideoftheComplex.TheComplexandtheCulturalCenterhavedrawnonaverage350,000visitorseachyear.Asaresultofrecordlowrainfall,theentireNomadCoastexperiencedsustaineddroughtconditionsineachyearfrom1983to1988.BothAtaniaandRahadwereforcedtoimportwaterfromothercountriesatgreatexpense.Inordertoreduceitsrelianceonimportedwater,Rahadpermittedthedrillingofwellsonpubliclandforprivate,agricultural,andcommercialuse.In1988,theRahadiMinistryofWaterandAgriculturehiredateamofhydrologistsfromAlberta,Canadatomapthesourcesofitssubterraneanfreshwater.Usingground-penetratingradar,thehydrologistsconductedthefirstin-depthstudyoftheGreaterInataAquifer.Theirinitialreport,publishedin1990,includedadetailedmapandconcludedthattheAquifercoveredmorethan274,000squarekilometerswithintheNomadCoast,ofwhich65%waslocatedinRahadand35%inAtania.TheMinistrythencommissionedthehydrologiststoundertakeamorein-depthstudytomonitortherechargerateandsalinizationoftheAquiferoverthenext10years.OnthefirstUNWorldWaterDay,22March1993,QueenTeresaandtheAtanianPresident,AlexanderVhen,appearedtogetherataceremonyinAtanagrad,theAtaniancapital,torecognizeandcelebratetheimportanceofwatertoallpeoples.Inanationally-televisedaddress,theRahadiMinisterofWaterandAgriculturesaid:ThepeopleofRahadtodayjoinourAtanianneighborsandtheworldinrecognizingtheimportanceofwatertoallwholiveontheNomadCoast.InhonorofthisWorldWaterDay,RahadpromisestomakeeveryreasonableefforttopreserveandprotectthesharedfreshwaterresourcesofourNomadCoastandtoensuretheirequitableuse.Futuregenerationsmustbeassuredthattheywillneverbedeniedaccesstothesevaluable,uniqueresources,onwhichlifeandprosperitydepend,andwithoutwhichwecannotsurvive.TheMinister’sAtaniancounterpartrespondedwithamessagecommunicatingthe“appreciationoftheAtanianpeopleforthisneighborlygestureofcooperationandbrotherhood.”Inaspeechonthe5thWorldWaterDayin1998,UNSecretaryGeneralKofiAnnanrecalledtheRahadiMinister’sstatement:Rahad’scommitmenttopreserveandprotectthewaterresourcesitshareswithAtaniaandtomakesurethattheyareusedequitablyisatestamenttotheinspirationthatliesbehindtheUNWorldWaterDay.Theworldmightwellemulatethismodelofcooperation.Recognitionmustbeuniversalthathumandignity,indeedhumansurvival,cannotbeassuredwithoutaccesstofreshandcleanwater.In2000,thefollow-upreportfromtheteamofhydrologistsfoundthattheAquifercontainedapproximately35cubickilometersofextractablefreshwater.ThereportindicatedthatthemajordepositoftheAquifer’swatersoccurredmorethan10,000yearsago;becauseofthearidclimateoftheNomadCoast,therechargerateoftheAquiferisnegligible,andanywaterextractedfromitwouldnotbereplenishedformanygenerations.Droughtconditionsreturnedtotheregion,beginningin1999andcontinuingtothepresentday,withrecord-lowrainfallrecordedthroughouttheNomadCoast.In2001,meteorologistsintheAtanianStateWeatherServicereportedthattherehadbeena1.6-degreeCelsiusaveragetemperatureincreasethroughouttheNomadCoastduringtheperiod1970to2000.TheheadoftheServicerepeatedlyexpressedconcernthat“thecombinedimpactofthesemeteorologicalandclimatologicalchangesonfreshwatersourcesintheNomadCoastislikelytoresultinalong-termshortageofwaterforthepeoplesofbothRahadandAtania.”Inherannualbirthdayaddresson16June2002,QueenTeresastatedthatitwashergovernment’sdesiretoimproveaccesstothewatersoftheAquifer,toensurethattheneedsoftheRahadipeoplecouldbemet.ShedescribedtheAquiferas“afundamentalnaturalresourceofourcountry,”anddeclaredthat,“asadevelopingnationsufferingtheeffectsofextremedroughtandclimatechanges,Rahadhastherightandindeedtheobligationtoseekoutwaysofusingthatresourcetosustainourpeople.”Onthenextday,sheformallydirectedtheInataLogisticandScientificAssociation(“ILSA”),aRahadigovernment-fundedscientificorganization,tostudythefeasibilityandlong-termeffectsofdirectlytappingtheAquifertomeetRahad’sdomesticneedforwater.ILSAreleaseditsreporton17January2003.Itconcludedthat,inlightofprojectedconsumption,growthanddevelopment,completelyendingRahad’srelianceonimportedwaterandre-establishingself-sufficiencywouldrequireanalternativesupplyofapproximately1.2cubickilometersofwaterperyear.ExtractionofwaterfromtheAquiferatthisratewoulddepleteitstotalextractablefreshwaterreserveinapproximately30years.ThereportwassubjectedtoblindindependentpeerreviewbeforebeingacceptedforpublicationintheInternationalJournalofHydrology.Thestudynotedthat,becausetheKinCanyonswerelocatedneartheAquifer,carewouldneedtobetakentoensurethatanydepletionoftheAquiferwatersdidnotharmthestructuralintegrityoftheComplex.On2February2003,QueenTeresamadeatelevisedappearancetothenation,settingoutherplanstoaddresstheincreasinglyseriouswatercrisisinRahad.Amongotherthings,sheannounced:Ournationisconfrontedwithaverygravedilemma,andIwantallofourpeopletounderstandhowyourgovernmentisproposingtodealwithit.Wesimplydonothaveenoughwatertosustainourfarmers,whogrowourfoodandprovideoursustenance,andthereisnoobvioussolutiontothisproblemthatiseconomicallyviableandpracticallypossible.None,thatis,exceptone.IamtodayorderingtheBureauoftheInteriortobeginimplementationofacomprehensiveprogramtoextractwaterfromtheGreaterInataAquifer.Icertainlyrealizethatthisisashort-termsolution.IfweexhausttheAquifer,weriskbankruptingourfuturegenerations.Butwemustdosomething.Allofourpeopleareaffectedbythiscrisis.Sowewillexploremeansoftakinglife-givingwaterfromtheAquifersolongasdroughtconditionscontinue,andsolongaswehavenootherwayofpreservingthelifeandcultureofthegreatRahadination.PresidentVhenrespondedbythankingtheQueenforherremarksbutnotinghisongoingconcernaboutthe“equitabledivisionofthewatersoftheInataAquifer,”and“theintegrityoftheKinCanyonComplex,whichisofenormousculturalandeconomicimportancetobothcountries.”PresidentVhenremindedtheRahadigovernmentofitsobligationtorespectthecommitmentitmadeon22March1993,“whencarryingoutanyplantotapthelargestsourceoffreshwaterontheNomadCoastforitsownexclusivedomesticuse.”Heconcluded,“unlessanduntilmyGovernmentisassuredthatanyRahadiextractionofAquiferwaterswillnotnegativelyaffectouruseofthesharedresource,wemustexpressourseriousconcernsaboutthepotentialdangersthatthisunilateralactionmayprovoke.”HecalledontheQueentostopplanstotapthewatersoftheAquiferimmediatelyandtoseekalternativesources.TheBureauoftheInteriorpreparedaplanforanetworkof30pumpwellslocatedinRahad’snorthernterritoriestobeconnectedbyasubterraneanpipelinesystem(“theSavaliPipeline”),whichwouldprovideareliablesourceofwatertoRahad’sfarmlandsandnaturalgasindustry.GiventheconcernsaboutitspotentialimpactontheComplex,RahadsubmittedtheSavaliPipelineplantotheWorldHeritageCommitteeon30September2004.TheCommittee’sdecisiononthesubmission,publishedon12July2005,“note[d]withconcern”potentialissuesregardingpossiblesubsidenceoflandssuperjacenttotheAquifer,and“stronglyurge[d]RahadtoensurethattheproposedSavaliPipelineprojectdevelopsandimplementstargetsforimprovingtheconservationoftheKinCanyonComplex,andthatallplans,policies,andproposalspotentiallyaffectingitdemonstratethattheywillmakeapositivecontributiontotheachievementofthosetargetswithoutriskingharmtositesofoutstandinguniversalvalue.”WorkingtocomplywiththedecisionoftheWorldHeritageCommittee,Rahadlimiteddrillingfortheextractionofwatertoareasmorethan15kilometersoutsideoftheComplex’sbufferzone.TheSavaliPipelineprojectwascompletedon20February2006,andpumpingfromtheAquiferbegan.Since2006,70%ofthewaterwasusedforagricultureand22%bythenaturalgasindustry(theremaining8%wenttoavarietyofotheruses).TheSavaliPipelinecontinues,asofthedateofthisSpecialAgreement,topumpwaterfromtheAquiferataconsistentrateof1.2cubickilometersperyear.In2009,AtanianfarmersintheregionsouthoftheComplexreportedthatwells,springs,andsmallstreamsweredryingup,andlandthathadbeenrichandarablefiveyearsearlierwasbecomingdryanddifficulttofarm.Alarmedbythelossofimportantfarmland,theAtanianMinistryofWaterandAgriculturecommissionedaninternationalpanelofclimatologists,geologists,andhydrologiststodeterminewhetherthechanginghydrologyoftheregionwastheresultoftheSavaliPipelineproject.ThepanelreleasedastudyinJune2010thatconcludedthatoperationoftheSavaliPipelinehadcausedapermanentloweringofthewatertableintheregion.Asaresult,dischargefromtheAquifercouldnolongerprovideasufficientnaturalsourceofwaterforAtanianagriculture.Thestudyfoundthat20%ofwhathadbeenAtanianfarmlandcouldnolongerbefarmed,andthatwithin10yearsanadditional30%wouldbelostifextractioncontinuedatthesamerate.PresidentVhenaddressedthefindingsinaParliamentaryspeechgivenon6July2010,inwhichhesaid:Notlongago,ourRahadineighborsagreedthatthewatersoftheGreaterInataAquiferareasharedresource.ItiswithgreatsadnessthatwemustnowobservetheplunderingofthisresourcetobenefiteconomicinterestsinRahad,withscantregardfortheharmtheyaredoingtothepeopleofAtania.ThedestructionofourfarmlandhasalreadycostAtaniamorethanUS$300millionannuallyinthelossoffoodandotheragriculturalproducts.Ifthisterribletrendcontinues,theselosseswilldoublein10years.WemustimplorethegovernmentofRahadtostaytruetoitscommitmenttoensuretheequitableuseofsharedwaterintheNomadCoast,andtoendthedisastrouspipelineexperiment.Meanwhile,bylate2010,foreigntouristsbeganpostingphotographsonTwitterandInstagramusingthehashtag#kincanyonscrumbling.TheseimagesshowedwhatappearedtobeenvironmentaldegradationinremotesectionsoftheComplex.On4February2011,PresidentVhenorderedapanelofgeologiststoinvestigatetheveracityoftheimages.Weekslater,thegeologistsunanimouslyagreedthattherehadbeenclearstructuraldegradationoftheCanyonsandtheStrongholdwithinAtania.TheyattributedtheproblemtosubsidenceduetodepletionoftheAquifer,butofferednoopinionregardingwhethercontinuedextractionwouldleadtofurtherdamage.On1June2011,TheAtanianHeraldreportedthattwoBhutanesetouristshadbarelyescapedfallingintoamassivesinkholethatappearedwhenabusypathwayintheComplexcollapsed.TheAtaniangovernment’swebsiteannouncedthatsectionsoftheComplexwerebeingclosedtovisitorsimmediatelytoensuretheirsafety.PresidentVhensentacommuniquétotheUNESCOWorldHeritageCommitteeon7July2011,requestingthattheComplexbeaddedtotheListofWorldHeritageinDanger“duetotheimpactoftheSavaliPipeline.”AnnexedtoPresidentVhen’smessageweretheresultsofthegeologists’investigation.Atits37thconferenceinSaintPetersburginJune2012,theUNESCOWorldHeritageCommitteegrantedPresidentVhen’sapplicationandaddedtheKinCanyonComplextotheListofWorldHeritageinDanger.FollowingtheCommittee’sdecision,PresidentVhenrequestedameetingwithQueenTeresatopropose“theimmediatesuspensionofSavaliPipelineoperationsuntilthesituation,includingpotentialhazards,maybebetterunderstood.”TheQueendeclinedtheinvitation,andon19July2012thePalaceissuedapressrelease:WerespecttheculturalheritageoftheKinCanyonComplexthatwesharewithourAtanianbrothersandsisters,andforthatmatterwithallofhumanity.OurpumpingofwatersfromtheAquiferisbeingconductedinaccordancewiththehighestpossiblestandardsofcare,inconformitywithourobligationsasstewardsofthismarveloustreasure.Wevoluntarilycommittoundertakeregularstudiesofthelong-termimpactofthisprojectontheregioningeneralandontheComplexinparticular.Butwehavenointentionofsurrenderingoursovereignrighttodevelopthenaturalresourceswithwhichourterritoryisblessed.FacedwiththecontinuedlossoffarmablelandduetotheabsenceofwaterseepagefromtheAquifer,theAtaniangovernmentdeterminedthatadditionalwaterneededtobeallocatedtoagriculturalproduction.On28September2012,theAtanianParliamentenactedthe2012WaterResourceAllocationProgram(WRAP)Act,whichsetaquotaonwatersuppliedbytheAtanianPublicWaterWorks(agovernmentagency)toeveryhousehold,farm,andbusinessinAtania,tobeineffectfrom1January2013untilfurthernotice.TheWaterWorkswasorderedtoprovidethegovernmentwithquarterlyreportsofwaterconsumption.UndertheWRAPAct,allfarmingoperationswerealsorequiredtopurchaselicensestoutilizepublicwater.WRAPofferedlicenseexemptionsforfarmsthatsoldmorethanUS$75,000worthofcropsperyear.Nearly86%offarmingoperationsinAtaniaqualifiedforthisexemption.LicensesweremadeavailableforpurchaseonlineoratlocalWRAPoffices.TheWRAPActempoweredtheBureauofAgriculturetoprosecuteanyonewhousedover-quotawaterandfarmingoperationsthatfailedtoobtainlicensesunderAtanianCriminalCodeprovisionsfor“theftofpublicproperty.”Fewerthan5%ofKinfarmersappliedforlicensesbeforetheendof2012,asrequiredbylaw.TheBureauofAgricultureinvestigationsalsoshowedthatinthefirsttwoquartersof2013,morethan80%ofKinhouseholdsandfarmsusedwaterinexcessoftheirquotas.InJuly2013,allviolatorsweresentnotificationoftheirfailuretocomplywithWRAP.InAugust2013,inaccordancewiththeWRAPAct,theDepartmentofJusticebegantheprosecutionoftwoKinfarmersforuseofover-quotawaterandfailuretoobtainalicense.Bothdefendantsassertedthattheirculturaltraditionspreventedthemfromseekingpermissionfromthestatetomakeuseofnaturalresources.TheyalsoarguedthatthelawdiscriminatedagainsttheKinbecauseitfavoredprofit-generatingfarms,eitherbecausetheyqualifiedforanexemptionorbecausetheywereabletopayforlicenses.Thetwodefendantswereconvictedoftheftofpublicpropertyandwereorderedtopayafine.Neithercomplied,andbothwerethereaftersentenced,inaccordancewithprovisionsoftheapplicableCriminalCode,toprisontermsoffiveyears.AlthoughtheDepartmentofJusticedistributedflyersacrossKinlandspublicizingtheresultsofthetrialsandwarningthatmoreprosecutionsmightfollow,overthefollowingfourmonthstherewasneitheranoticeableincreaseinthenumberoflicensespurchasednoradetectabledecreaseintheoverallconsumptionofwaterinKinareas.InOctober2013,theAtanianParliamentamendedtheWRAPActtoprovidethatfarmsusingwaterinviolationoftheActweresubject,inadditiontotheexistingcriminalpenalties,totheterminationoftheirstate-controlledwatersupply.Invokingthoseprocedures,bytheendof2013,thegovernmentofAtaniacutoffwatertothemajorityoffarmsinKinlands.UnitedNationsFoodandAgricultureOrganization(“FAO”)Director-GeneralJoséGrazianodaSilvacondemnedtheeffectsofWRAPinaspeechtotheGeneralAssemblyon2February2014.HedescribednumerousreportsreceivedfromKinvillagesinAtaniaclaimingthatsmallfarmerswhosewatersupplieshadbeenterminatedforfailuretocomplywithWRAPandthereforehadtoabandonfarminghadnoothermeansofsecuringsufficientfoodandweresufferingseveredeprivation.Dr.GrazianoimploredthegovernmentofAtaniatostopthedenialofaccesstowaterandtoprovideassistancetoKinvillagersalreadyaffectedbythechangestothewaterrightsregimeinthecountry.On28June2014,theInternationalFederationoftheRedCrossandRedCrescentreleasedareportentitled“It’saWRAP:StarvationandIllnessamongtheKin.”BasedonsixmonthsofinterviewsandsurveysofKinvillagersbyIFRCstaffintheregion,thereportfoundrapidlyrisingratesoffood-deprivation-relatedillnessessuchasscurvyandberiberiamongtheKinpopulation.Italsoindicatedthat,ofthe1.1millionKinthenlivinginAtania,morethan500,000wereundernourished.ThereportconfirmedtheFAO’sconclusionthattheterminationoftheKin’swatersupplywasdeprivingthemoftheabilitytocontinuethetraditionalfarmingthathadbeentheirprimarysourceofsustenance.On17July2014,CarlaDugo,oneoftheeldersoftheSisteroftheSun,chainedherselftoaflagpoleintheplazaoutsidethePresident’sresidenceinAtanagrad.Shetoldreportersthatshewasengaginginahungerstriketoprotest“theAtaniangovernment’spersecutionoftheKin”throughwhatshecalled“thetheftofourwater,ourfood,andourwayoflife.”ShealsocalledonherfellowSistersto“standtogether”and“rememberTeppa,andthetruemeaningoftheSiparthatweproudlywear.”Withintwoweeks,over5,000SistersoftheSun,hundredsofKin,andtheirsupportershadcongregatedintheplaza.Theprotestwaswidelyreportedininternationalmedia,whichnotedthatnumerouspublicbuildingsandotherstructures,includingtheseatoftheParliament,hadbeentaggedwithhand-paintedSiparsymbols.ManyinternationalhumanrightsNGOstweetedmessagesofsolidaritywiththeSistersoftheSun.Thousandsofdemonstratorsandonlookersbegantoassembleintheplazaandtheimmediatevicinity.Sistersledprotesterstoformhumanchainsacrossmajorroadsintothecity,blockingtrafficandpreventingemployeesfromenteringmunicipaloffices.SisterDugospokewithreportersatthesceneandusedthemediaspotlighttoraiseherSipar,invoking“thememoryofTeppa,”callingonallSistersoftheSunandtheentireClanKinto“standtogetheragainstthepersecutionofourpeople”bythegovernment.Otherspeakers,allofwhomworeorcarriedreplicasoftheRubySipar,calledfor“strongerandmoreresoluteactionuntilourrepresentativeslistentoourcries.”Thecrowdsrefusedorderstodisperse,andon2August2014,themayorofAtanagraddescribedconditionsinhiscityas“chaotic,unsanitary,dangerous,andentirelyunsustainable.”On5August2014,PresidentVhenissuedthefollowingorder:Theongoingunrestandtheseditiousprotestsled