2015‘外研社杯’全国英语阅读大赛样题紧凑排版

实用文案PartIReadandKnowInthispart,youwillreadsomequestionsaboutyourabilitiesorpersonalities.Readasfastasyoucanandchoosetheanswerthatyouthinkbestdescribesyourself.AreYouCharismatic?Charismaisthemagneticpowerthatattractspeopletoyou.Itwon’taffectthequalityofyourworkorprovideyouwithwonderfuloriginalideas,butitremainsoneofthemostvitaltalentsifyouwanttomakeitbiginlife.Ifpeoplewhodohtevenunderstandwhatyou’retalkingaboutbelievethatyouareagenius,youwillhavemadeit.Thefollowingtestwilldecidewhetheryou’vegotwhatittakes.Dopeoplefindthemselvesattractedtoyou?Yes,itcanbeembarrassingsometimes.No,nomorethanotherpeople.Isupposetheydoabit.Doyoufindthatpeopleagreewithyouregardlessofthequalityofyourarguments?A. No,never.Notthatoften.Allthetime.Wouldyoufinditeasytoattractfollowers?No,notatall.Notveryeasy.Yes,it’sreallyno problem.Doyoufindcasualacquaintancesopenupandtellyoutheirlifestoriesinintimate标准文档实用文案detail?Occasionally.Never.Happensallthetime.SometimesIjustcan’tgetaway.PartIIReadandReasonInthispart,youwillreadtextsofdifferentformsandgenres.Readtheinstructionscarefullyandanswerthequestionsbasedonyourcomprehension,analysisandinferencesofthetexts.Amongthefourstatementsbelow,onestatementisthemainpoint,andtheotherthreearespecificsupportforthepoint.IdentifythemainpointwithPandthespecificsupportwithS.___A.Hungrybearssearchingforfoodoftenthreatenhikers.___B.Hikingonthatmountaintrailcanbeverydangerous.___C.Severeweatherdevelopsquickly,leavinghikersexposedtostormsandcold.___D.Whenitrains,thetrail,whichisverysteepatsomepoints,becomesslippery.Readthefollowingcartoon.Putatickbythethreestatementsthataremostlogicallybasedontheinformationsuggestedbythecartoon.___A.Lucyhasjustcriticizedtheboy,Linus.___B.LinusfeelsLucy’scriticismisvalid.标准文档实用文案___C.LucyfeelsveryguiltythatLinushastakenhercriticismbadly.___D.Lucydoesn’tseemtorealizethatpeoplemayacceptconstructivecriticismbutrejectdestructivecriticism.___E.Thecartoonistbelievesweshouldnevercriticizeothers.___F.Thecartoonistbelievesit’sbesttocriticizeothersinaconstructiveway.Readanextractofanadvertisement.Choosetheanswerwhichyouthinkfitseachquestionbestaccordingtothetext.YoungEnvironmentalJournalistCompetitionHowtoEnter:Ifyou’reaged16-25,we'relookingfororiginalarticlesof1,000words(orless)withanenvironmentalorconservationtheme.Theclosingdateforentriesis30December,2015.Yourarticleshouldshowproofofinvestigativeresearch,ratherthanrelyingsolelyoninformationfromtheInternetandphoneinterviews.Youdonthavetogofar.Areportonpollutioninalocalstreamwouldbeasvalidasapieceabouttheremotestrainforest.Yourarticleshouldshowyouarepassionateandknowledgeableaboutenvironmentalissues.Itshouldalsobeobjectiveandaccurate,whilebeingcreativeenoughtoholdthereader7sinterest.Wearenotlookingfor“thinkpieces”oropinioncolumns.Youraimshouldbetoadvanceunderstandingandawarenessofenvironmentalissues.Youshouldbeabletoconveycomplexideasofreadersofthisgeneralinterest标准文档实用文案magazineinanengagingandauthoritativemanner.Factsorinformationcontainedinshort-listedarticleswillbechecked.Readtherulescarefully.Beforeenteringforthecompetition,youngpeoplemusthave.conductedsomerelevantresearchintheirlocalareagainedaqualificationinexperimentalresearchuncoveredsomeoftheevidenceintheresearchbythemselvesconsultedanumberofspecialistsonthesubjectunderresearchThearticlessubmittedmust.focusonstraightforwardconceptsincludearangeofviewsbeaccessibletonon-specialistrevealthewriter’sstandpoint4.Readthepassagebelow.Thenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionthatfollows(1)JohnnyAppleseed,oneofthegentlestandmostbelovedofAmericanfolkheroes,wasbornin1774inLeominster,Massachusetts.(2)HisrealnamewasJohnChapman.(3)Chapman’searlylifewasfullofmisfortune.(4)First,hisfatherlefthometofightintheRevolutionaryWar.(5)ThenJohn’smotherandbabybrotherdiedbeforeJohn’ssecondbirthday.(6)However,John'sfortunesimprovedwhenhisfatherreturnedandremarried,andbythetimeJohnwasinhisteens,hehadtenbrothersandsisters.标准文档实用文案(7)Asayoungman,Johnbegantravelingwestonfoot,stoppingtoclearlandandplanttheappleseedshealwayscarriedwithhim.(8)SettlerswhofollowedJohnspathweredelightedtofindyoungappleorchardsdottingthelandscape.(9)Johnwasafriendlyfellowwhooftenstoppedtovisitwithfamiliesalonghisway,entertainingthemwithstoriesofhistravels.(10)TalesofhisexploitsfollowedhimthroughPennsylvania,Ohio,andIndiana.(11)Manyofthestoriesweretrue.(12)Forinstance,Johnreallydidtravelbarefootthroughthesnow,livedonthefriendliestoftermswithIndiantribes,andrefusedtoshootanyanimal.(13)OthertalesaboutJohn,however,wereexaggerations.(14)Settlerssaid,forexample,thathesleptinthetreetopsandtalkedtothebirdsorthathehadoncebeencarriedoffbyagianteagle.(15)JohnnyAppleseedneverstoppedtravelinguntilhisdeathinFortWayne,Indiana,in1845.Sentence1isastatementof.factopinionfactandopinionThedetailsinsentences4and5supportthepointorpointsin.sentence1sentence2sentence3sentence6Therelationshipbetweensentences3and6isoneof.标准文档实用文案contrastadditioncauseandeffectcomparisonWecanconcludethatJohnnyAvidedapplesfornumeroussettlerswasquicklyforgottenbythesettlersgrewwealthybysellinghisappletreeslefthomebecauseofproblemswithhisfamilyThepassagesuggeststhatJohnnyAppleseed.grewwearyoftravelinghadgreatrespectforotherpeopleandanimalslivedaveryshortbutrichlifeplantedmanytreesotherthanappletreesThetoneofthepassageis.pessimisticbitterandimpassionedamusedandexcitedstraightforwardwithatouchofadmirationWhichisthemostappropriatetitleforthisselection?ThePlantingofAmericanAppleOrchardsFolkHeroesofAmerica标准文档实用文案SettlersRecallJohnnyAppleseedTheLifeandLegendofJohnChapman5.Readthepassagebelow.Thenchoosethebestanswertoeachquestionthatfollows.(1)TelevisionhastransformedpoliticsintheUnitedStatesbychangingthewayinwhichinformationisdisseminated,byalteringpoliticalcampaigns,andbychangingcitizens’patternsofresponsetopolitics.(2)Bygivingcitizensindependentaccesstothecandidates,televisiondiminishedtheroleofthepoliticalpartyintheselectionofthemajorpartycandidates.(3)Bycenteringpoliticsonthepersonofthecandidate,televisionacceleratedthecitizens’focusoncharacterratherthanissues.(4)Televisionhasalteredtheformsofpoliticalcommunicationaswell.(5)Themessagesonwhichmostofusrelyarebrieferthantheyoncewere.(6)Thestumpspeech,apoliticalspeechgivenbytravelingpoliticiansandlasting11/2to2hours,whichcharacterizednineteenth-centurypoliticaldiscourse,hasgivenwaytothe30-secondadvertisementandthe10-second“soundbite”inbroadcastnews.(7)Increasinglytheaudienceforspeechesisnotthatstandinginfrontofthepoliticianbutrathertheviewingaudiencewhowillhearandseeasnippetofthespeechonthenews.(8)Intheseabbreviatedforms,muchofwhatconstitutedthetraditionalpoliticaldiscourseofearlierageshasbeenlost.(9)In15or30seconds,aspeakercannotestablishthehistoricalcontextthatshapedtheissueinquestion,cannotdetailtheprobablecausesoftheproblem,andcannotexaminealternativeproposalstoarguethatoneispreferabletoothers.(10)Insnippets,politiciansassertbutdonotargue.标准文档实用文案(11)Becausetelevisionisanintimatemedium,speakingthroughitrequiresachangedpoliticalstylethatwasmoreconversational,personal,andvisualthanthatoftheold-stylestumpspeech.(12)Relianceontelevisionmeansthatincreasinglyourpoliticalworldcontainsmemorablepicturesratherthanmemorablewords.(13)Schoolsteachustoanalyzewordsandprint.(14)However,inaworldinwhichpoliticsisincreasinglyvisual,informedcitizenshiprequiresanewsetofskills.(15)Recognizingthepoweroftelevision’spictures,politicianscrafttelevisual,stagedevents,calledpseudo-event,designedtoattractmediacoverage.(16)Muchofthepoliticalactivityweseeontelevisionnewshasbeencraftedbypoliticians,theirspeechwriters,andtheirpublicrelationsadvisersfortelevisedconsumption.(17)Soundbitesinnewsandanswerstoquestionsindebatesincreasinglysoundlikeadvertisements.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?CitizensintheUnitedStatesarenowmoreinformedaboutpoliticalissuebecauseoftelevisioncoverage.CitizensintheUnitedStatesprefertoseepoliticiansontelevisioninsteadofinperson.PoliticsintheUnitedStateshasbecomesubstantiallymorecontroversialsincetheintroductionoftelevision.PoliticsintheUnitedStateshasbeensignificantlychangedbytelevision.Theword“disseminated”insentence1isclosestinmeaningto.analyzed标准文档实用文案discussedspreadstoredItcanbeinferredthatbeforetheintroductionoftelevision,politicalparties.hadmoreinfluenceovertheselectionofpoliticalcandidatesspentmoremoneytopromotetheirpoliticalcandidatesattractedmoremembersreceivedmoremoneyTheauthormentionsthe“stumpspeech”insentence6asanexampleof.aneventcreatedbypoliticianstoattractmediaattentionaninteractivediscussionbetweentwopoliticiansakindofpoliticalpresentationtypicalofthenineteenthcenturyastyleofspeechcommontotelevisedpoliticaleventsTheword“that”insentence7refersto.audiencebroadcastnewspoliticianadvertisementAccordingtothepassage,ascomparedwithtelevisedspeeches,traditionalpoliticaldiscoursewasmoresuccessfulat.allowingnewscoverageofpoliticalcandidatesplacingpoliticalissueswithinahistoricalcontext标准文档实用文案makingpoliticsseemmoreintimatetocitizensprovidingdetailedinformationaboutacandidate’sprivatebehaviorTheauthorstatesthat“politiciansassertbutdonotargue”insentence9inordertosuggestthatpoliticians.makeclaimswithoutprovidingreasonsfortheclaimstakestrongerpositionsonissuesthaninthepastenjoyexplainingtheissuetobroadcastersdislikehavingtoexplaintheirownpositionsonissuestocitizensThepurposeofparagraph4istosuggestthat.politicianswillneedtolearntobecomemorepersonalwhenmeetingcitizenspoliticianswhoareconsideredveryattractivearefavoredbycitizensoverpoliticianswhoarelessattractivecitizenstendtofavorapoliticianwhoanalyzedtheissueoveronewhodidnotcitizenswillneedtolearnhowtoevaluatevisualpoliticalimagesinordertobecomebetterinformedWhichofthefollowingstatementsissupportedbythepassage?Politicalpresentationstodayaremorelikeadvertisementsthaninthepast.Politicianstodaytendtobemorefamiliarwiththeviewsofcitizensthaninthepast.Citizenstodayarelessinformedaboutapolitician’scharacterthaninthepast.Politicalspeechestodayfocusmoreondetailsaboutissuesthaninthepast.PartIIIReadandQuestion标准文档实用文案Inthispart,youwillreadaboutrelatedorcontradictoryviewsonavarietyofissues.Youwillberequiredtoidentifythewriteifspositionandevaluatetheeffectivenessofthewriter’sarguments.Readthefollowingtwopassagesandanswerthequestions.PassageAWhileOntheoriginofSpeciescreatedagreatstirwhenitwaspublishedin1859,Darwinianthoughtwasalmostcompletelyoutofvoguebytheturnofthetwentiethcentury.IttookRonaldFisher7s“GreatSynthesis”ofthe1920s,whichcombinedthegeneticworkofGregorMendelwithDarwin’sideasaboutnaturalselection,andTheodosiusDobzhansky’s“ModernSynthesis”ofthe1930s,whichwasbuiltuponFisher’sworkwithgeneticswithinaspeciesbyfocusingonhowgeneticvariationcouldcausetheoriginofanewspecies,tobegintorehabilitateDarwin.Yet,whatisremarkableishowveryprescientDarwin,workingwithoutknowledgeofthemechanismsofheredity,provedtobe.AsprominentbiologistErnstMayrnotes,whatmadeDarwiniantheorysoremarkablewashisemphasison“populationthinking”.ThiscontraststoJean-BaptisteLamarck’stheoryofevolution,popularthroughoutthenineteenthcentury,whichpositedthatindividualschangedpersonalactionsandwill.Lamarckiantheoryisoftenexemplifiedbyagiraffeconstantlyreachinguptoeatleavesoffhighbranchesandpassingonitslengthenednecktoitschildren.Suchexplanationsboreastrongresemblancetochildren7sfables(andindeedRudyardKipling’slate-nineteenth-centuryJustSoStorieswasbuiltuponLamarckiantheories).WhereDarwindifferedwashisinsistencethatsignificantvariationwasnotbasedwithin标准文档实用文案oneparticularindividual,butratherinthebreedingpopulationasawhole.Naturalselectionwasnotbasedontheactionsorgoalsofoneindividual,butvariationsintheaveragecharacterofthespecies.PassageBAsPeterBowlerpointsoutinhisaptlynamedTheNon-DarwinianRevolution:ReinterpretingaHistoricalMyth,nineteenth-centuryDarwinismwasquitedifferentfromtheDarwinismoftoday.ThomasHuxley,“Darwin’sBulldog”,socalledbecauseofhistirelesspubliccampaigningforDarwinianthought,exemplifiesthisdifference.Asaresultofhisadvocacy,bytheendofthenineteenthcenturyHuxleywasthevehicleforDarwinianthought.NotedsciencefictionwriterH.G.Wells,forinstance,garneredallofhisinformationaboutnaturalselectionandevolutionthroughHuxley’slectures.YetHuxley’stheoryvariedsignificantlyfromthatofDarwin,focusingonthewillofhumankind.IntheprefacetoEvolutionandEthicsHuxleywrotethat“Wecannotdowithoutourinheritancefromtheforefatherswhowerethepuppetsofthecosmicprocess;thesocietywhichrenouncesitmustbedestroyedfromwithout.Stilllesscanwedowithtoomuchofit;thesocietyinwhichitdominatesmustbedestroyedfromwithin.”AccordingtoHuxley,humankindhasmovedpastphysicalevolutiontotherealmofself-directedmoralevolution.Huxley,then,acknowledgesthathumankindhasevolvedunderthepressureofnaturalselectionandmustremainawareofthefactorbe“destroyedfromwithout”,buthearguesthatasocietythatcontinuesinthepaththatNaturehasplaceditwillbe“destroyedfromwithin”becauseitwillnolongerbe标准文档实用文案adaptedtoitself.Basedontheinformationinthepassage,RudyardKiplingmostlikelywrotestoriesdedicatedtoenlighteninghumansbyusinganimalsaspositiveexamplesofproperbehaviorbasedonfuturisticworldswhichwerepopulatedbyevolvedsubjectsfeaturingindividualsdevelopingvariationthroughthepoweroftheirdesiresseekingtoexhibittheeffectsofpopulationthinkinginbreedingpopulationsportrayingtheeffectsofparentalinheritancethroughexaminingthelivesofchildrenWhichofthefollowingbestrepresentsHuxley’sbeliefs?Focusingonphysicalevolutionleavesmanasnothingmorethana“puppet”offorcesbeyondhiscontrol;tosucceedinlifeitisnecessarytorejectphysicalevolutioninfavorofmoralchange.TheideasofCharlesDarwinneededtobecarefullydelineatedthroughlecturessothathisideasaboutindividualvariationcouldbefullyunderstood.Byexertingpersonalwill,humankindwillbeabletoenactsignificant,lastingvariationwhichwillbedemonstratedthroughthebodiesofthechildrenofthosewhoseekchange.Whilehumankindisinescapablylinkedtoitsphysicalpastandthematerialconditionsofitsevolution,itmustbewaryofbeingtooattachedtothepathdictatedbynaturalselection.标准文档实用文案CertainelementsofDarwin’stheoryaboutevolutionhadtobediscardedsothatthepublicwouldbewillingtoacceptthethrustofthetheoryasawhole.WhichofthefollowingwouldtheauthorsofPassageAandPassageBmostlylikelyagreetobemostcloselyalignedintheirthinking?LamarckandHuxley.KiplingandWells.MayrandBowler.MendelandHuxley.DobzhanskyandWells.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutDarwinissupportedbybothpassages?Darwindifferedsignificantlyfromothertheoristsofevolutionbecausehefocusedonbreedingpopulationsasawhole.ThemodernunderstandingofDarwinvariessignificantlyfromnineteenth-centurybeliefsabouthistheories.ItwasnotuntiltheearlytwentiethcenturythatDarwinismasweknowitbegantoemerge.FictionwriterswereparticularlyinterestedindisseminatingideasaboutDarwin.Delineatingthespecificinheritanceofthechildiscrucialtounderstandinghownaturalselectionproceeds.Whichofthefollowingbestrepresentsthedifferencebetweenthetwopassages?ThefirstpassagebeginswithcurrentunderstandingsofDarwinismandmovesbackintime,whilethesecondpassagebeginswitholderunderstandingandmoves标准文档实用文案forwardintime.Whilethefirstpassagefocusesonthedifferencebetweentwotheoriesofevolution,thesecondparagraphtracesdifferencesbetweentwoindividualinterpretersofevolution.Thefirstpassageintroducesageneraltheory,offersspecificevidence,andthenconsiderstheramificationsofthattheory,whilethesecondpassagedoesnotconsidertheramificationsoftheevidenceitrepresents.ThefirstpassageisconcernedwithdemonstratingawayinwhichDarwiniscloselylinkedwithmodernthinkers,whilethesecondpassageisfocusedonhowhedifferedfromoneofhiscontemporaries.ThefirstpassageprovidesahistoricalretrospectiveoftheprimaryinterpretersofDarwin,andthesecondpassagecentersononeparticularinterpreter.BasedontheinformationinPassageB,whichofthefollowingclaimsinPassageAwouldThomasHuxleybemostlikelytoobjectto?Itisimpossibletotrulyunderstandnaturalselectionwithoutthebenefitofmoderngenetictheory.Itislikelythatthegiraffedevelopedalongneckduetothefactthatitconstantlystretchedittogainaccesstofood.Therearedifferentwaystounderstandhowevolutionfunctionstochangeindividuals.Variationsintheaveragecharacterofapopulationarethemostcrucialfactorintheproperevolutionofman.标准文档实用文案Allowingnaturalselectiontodominateoursocietywillleadtothedestructionofhumankind.WhichofthefollowingsituationsismostcloselyanalogoustotheLamarckianmodeofvariation?Anadultbirdtriestochangetheenvironmentforthebenefitofitschildren.Seekingtomorallyadapttoitsenvironment,achimpanzeechangesthewayitwoositsmate.Agiraffe’sbodilyshapechangesbecauseitisunabletofitintothecavesittraditionallysleepsin.Becauseofachangeintheenvironment,anumberofchimpanzeesdieoutwhileothersthriveandpassontheirgenes.Becauseithuntsforsalmonwithitsmouthwideopen,abeargraduallydevelopsastrainingmechanismbetweenitsteeth.PartIVReadandCreateInthispart,youwillberequiredtowriteashortessayonagiventopicbasedonyourgeneralreading.Youshouldwritewithclarity,logicandcreativity.Writeanessayofabout200wordsononeofthefollowingtopics.Hamletischaracterizedbyhismelancholicmoodanddelayinaction.GiveacharacteranalysisofHamletandlistthepossiblereasonsforhismelancholyanddelay.ATaleofTwoCitiescanberegardedasahistoricalnovel,amoralnovelandanovelstronglyconcernedwiththemesofresurrection,redemptionandpatriotism,aswellasofguilt,shameandlove.Whatisyourunderstandingofthethemesofthe标准文档实用文案novel?Readtheessaybelow.Answeroneofthefollowingquestionsbywritinganessayofabout200words.OfStudiesStudiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Theirchiefusefordelight,isinprivatenessandretiring;forornament,isindiscourse;andforability,isinthejudgmentanddispositionofbusiness.Forexpertmencanexecute,andperhapsjudgeofparticulars,onebyone;butthegeneralcounsels,andtheplotsandmarshallingofaffairscomebestfromthosethatarelearned.Tospendtoomuchtimeinstudiesissloth;tousethemtoomuchforornamentisaffection;tomakejudgmentwhollybytheirrulesisthehumorofascholar.Theyperfectnatureandareperfectedbyexperience:fornaturalabilitiesarelik