Afghanisan未来城市战略发展框架

阿富汗五座城市的战略发展框架StrategicDevelopmentFrameworksforFiveCitiesinAfghanistan对战略性和可实施的催化性项目和政策框架的基础上，对阿富汗城市未来的大胆而全面的构想AboldandholisticvisionforAfghanistan’surbanfuture,groundedinastrategicandimplementableframeworkofcatalyticprojectsandpolicies业主CLIENT：世界银行，阿富汗城市发展和土地部（MUDL）WorldBank,AfghanistanMinistryofUrbanDevelopmentandLand(MUDL)位置LOCATION：赫拉特，贾拉拉巴德，坎大哈，霍斯特和阿富汗马扎尔Herat,Jalalabad,Kandahar,Khost,andMazar,Afghanistan专业领域SERVICES：规划与城市设计PlanningandUrbanDesign现况STATUS：2020年6月完成CompletedJune2020几个世纪以来，阿富汗城市一直是国际贸易和文化的枢纽。如今，在三十年的动荡之中，该国正在努力利用经济和文化资产来创造繁荣的城市，并满足该国不断增长的城市人口的基本需求。Forcenturies,Afghancitieswerehubsofinternationalcommerceandculture.Today,amidstthreedecadesofinstability,thecountryisstrugglingtoleverageeconomicandculturalassetstocreateprosperouscitiesandmeetthebasicneedsofthecountry’sgrowingurbanpopulation.Sasaki与总统阿什拉夫·加尼（AshrafGhani）和城市发展与土地部紧密合作，致力于制定一个大胆的愿景，以指导阿富汗五个最大城市中的战略发展：赫拉特，贾拉拉巴德，坎大哈，霍斯特和马扎里沙里夫。这些愿景将使地方政府能够在面向未来的同时，应对阿富汗每个城市面临的紧迫挑战：非正式和可负担住房，文化遗产的保护，水资源的保护以及发展弹性基础设施以减轻环境危害。战略发展框架本身作为规划和政策文件，阐明了明确的愿景，并为未来在每个城市的投资制定了路线图。WorkingcloselywithPresidentAshrafGhaniandtheMinistryofUrbanDevelopmentandLand,SasakiworkedtodevelopaboldvisiontoguidestrategicdevelopmentinfiveofAfghanistan’slargestcities:Herat,Jalalabad,Kandahar,Khost,andMazar-e-Sharif.ThesevisionswillenablelocalgovernmentstobuildtowardsthefuturewhileaddressingtheimmediatechallengesthateachAfghancityfaces:informalityandaffordablehousing,thepreservationofculturalheritage,protectionofwaterresources,andthedevelopmentofresilientinfrastructuretomitigateenvironmentalhazards.TheStrategicDevelopmentFrameworksthemselves,asplanningandpolicydocuments,articulateaclearvisionandestablisharoadmapforfutureinvestmentineachcity.Together,theydefineacohesiveapproachtourbanplanningatthenationalscalewhilebuildingmanagementcapacityatthelocallevel.前所未有的地方参与努力确保了公平的计划流程，整合了现有举措和众多利益相关者的观点Anunprecedentedlocalengagementeffortensuredanequitableplanningprocess,integratingexistinginitiativesaswellasviewsraisedbyawiderangeofstakeholders与社区焦点小组进行的一系列咨询研讨会补充了每个城市的800多项家庭调查Aseriesofconsultationworkshopswithcommunityfocusgroupscomplementedmorethan800householdsurveysineachcity包容性的国家和地方政策AnInclusiveApproachtoNationalandLocalPolicy跨部门分散和地方一级缺乏能力是许多发展中国家面临的挑战。在阿富汗，自卫队旨在支持更大的努力来建立各个城市的管理能力，并围绕一个具有凝聚力的总体愿景团结各部委。在最高政府机构中，佐佐木幸幸能够与总统阿什拉夫·加尼（AshrafGhani）以及城市发展与土地部，地方治理独立局，商业和工业部，农业，灌溉部的领导紧密合作。和生计。这些领导人中的每一个都强调了让地方政府和民间社会领导人参与的包容性方法的重要性，并反映了最脆弱的阿富汗人的经验和需求。Fragmentationacrosssectorsandalackofcapacityatthelocallevelisachallengefacedbymanydevelopingcountries.InAfghanistan,theSDFswereintendedtosupportamuchlargerefforttobuildthemanagementcapacityofindividualcitiesandtounitedifferentministriesaroundacohesiveoverarchingvision.Atthehighestlevelsofgovernment,SasakiwasfortunateenoughtoworkcloselywithPresidentAshrafGhaniandtheleadershipoftheMinistryofUrbanDevelopmentandLand,theIndependentDirectorateofLocalGovernance,theMinistryofCommerceandIndustry,theMinistryofAgriculture,Irrigation,andLivelihoods.Eachoftheseleadersemphasizedtheimportanceofaninclusiveapproachthatengagedlocalgovernmentandcivilsocietyleaders,andreflectedtheexperiencesandneedsofthemostvulnerableAfghans.Sasakiworkedcloselywithateamoflocalplanninganddevelopmentconsultantstodevelopacomprehensiveoutreachandengagementprocess,withanemphasisonwomen,IDPs,andyouth:4,000多项家庭调查Over4,000HouseholdSurveys超过250项关键信息访问Over250KeyInformantInterviews超过40个焦点小组讨论Over40FocusGroupDiscussions在每个城市还与主要利益相关者和实施合作伙伴举行了利益相关者研讨会。每个研讨会的第一部分着重于通过SWOT会议以及确定主要驱动因素和关键主题来获取有关城市的信息。然后要求利益相关者确定目标，行动和实施的潜在承诺的优先级。在每个讲习班结束时，举行了一次公开演讲和远景会议，其中包括更多的社区领导人和民间社会利益相关者。Astakeholderworkshopwasalsoheldineachcitywithkeystakeholdersandimplementationpartners.ThefirstcomponentofeachworkshopfocusedonelicitinginformationaboutthecitiesthroughaSWOTsessionandtheidentificationofkeydriversandcriticalthemes.Stakeholderswerethenaskedtoprioritizegoals,actions,andpotentialcommitmentsforimplementation.Attheconclusionofeachworkshop,anopenhousepresentationandvisioningsessionwasheld,toincludealargergroupofcommunityleadersandcivilsocietystakeholders.关键主题根据每个城市的未来愿景的关键组成部分组织战略发展框架CriticalThemesorganizestrategicdevelopmentframeworksalongkeycomponentsofafuturevisionforeachcity以实施为导向的框架将关键主题与可行的战略目标和推动性项目联系在一起Animplementationdrivenframeworktiescriticalthemestoactionablestrategicobjectivesandcatalyticprojects弹性和公平的城市增长策略ResilientandEquitableStrategiesforUrbanGrowth赫拉特，贾拉拉巴德，坎大哈，霍斯特和马扎尔是阿富汗各自地区的政治，经济和文化枢纽。《战略发展框架》跨部门和跨部门；它们超越了市政界限，并考虑到了阿富汗阿富汗城乡统筹中每个城市运作方式的复杂现实。每个SDF被组织为五个主题领域，强调需要跨部门合作，同时确定具体实施者。Herat,Jalalabad,Kandahar,Khost,andMazararepolitical,economicandculturalhubsfortheirrespectiveregionswithinAfghanistan.TheStrategicDevelopmentFrameworkscrossscalesandsectors;theylookbeyondmunicipalboundariesandtakeintoaccountthecomplexrealitiesofhoweachcityfunctionswithinAfghanistan’surban-ruralcontinuum.EachSDFwasorganizedintofivethematicareas,highlightingtheneedtoforcross-sectoralcooperationwhileidentifyingspecificactorsforimplementation.主题1：城市增长与发展解决了阿富汗城市经历的人口快速增长的问题，并为每个城市制定了可持续战略，以在未来20年内吸收这些新人口Theme1:UrbanGrowthandDevelopment

addressedtherapidpopulationgrowthexperiencedbyAfghancitiesandarticulatedasustainablestrategyforeachcitytoabsorbthisnewpopulationoverthenext20years主题2：复原力社区

开发了应对阿富汗城市面临的最紧迫挑战的方法，从基本基础设施到妇女权利Theme2:ResilientCommunities

developedapproachestothemostpressingchallengesfacedbyAfghanistan’scities,frombasicinfrastructuretowomen’srights主题3：遗产和文化景观力图保护和利用每个城市的大量自然和建筑遗产Theme3:HeritageandCulturalLandscapes

soughttoprotectandleveragetheconsiderablenaturalandbuiltheritageineachcity主题4：生计和农业经济确定了每个城市的竞争优势，制定了加强经济价值链的战略，并构想了每个城市作为国际贸易和投资的门户。Theme4:LivelihoodsandtheAgriculturalEconomy

identifiedthecompetitiveadvantagesofeachcity,developedstrategiestostrengtheneconomicvaluechains,andenvisionedeachcityasagatewayforinternationaltradeandinvestment.主题5：包容性计划和治理

重点是在地方和国家两级加强机构能力的政策和倡议Theme5:InclusivePlanningandGovernance

focusedonpoliciesandinitiativestostrengtheninstitutionalcapacityatthelocalandnationallevels对遗产区域进行严格的制图，可以保护和整合每个城市具有文化意义的遗址Rigorousmappingofheritageareasallowedforthepreservationandintegrationofsitesofculturalsignificanceineachcity阿富汗城市以以历史悠久的的核心地区为为特征Afghancitiesarecharacterizedbydensehistoriccoreareas赫拉特老城再再生策略HeratOldCityregenerationstrategies赫拉特旧城的的战略干预措措施改善了居居民的生活质质量并促进了了节约型经济济StrategicinterventionsintheOldCityofHeratimprovesqualityoflifeforresidentsandfostersaconservationeconomy重新定义Herat的增长轨迹以以进行结构化化扩张RedefiningthegrowthtrajectoryofHeratforstructuredexpansion邻里升级和结结构化扩张保保护了穆沙拉拉（Musallah）建筑群和宣宣礼塔等重要要遗产NeighborhoodupgradeandstructuredexpansionprotectskeyheritagesitesliketheMusallahcomplexandminarets通过社区综合合设施和增加加的社会住房房升级社区Neighborhoodupgradewithintegratedcommunityfacilitiesandincrementalsocialhousing景观和生态分分析根据环境境和农业意义义建立了重点点保护区Landscapeandecologyanalysisestablishedkeyconservationareasbasedonenvironmentalandagriculturalsignificance开发了一套算算法来模拟城城市扩展方案案，以适应预预期的人口增增长，同时保保护关键的开开放空间系统统Asetofalgorithmsweredevelopedtosimulateurbanexpansionscenariosthatcouldaccommodateprojectedpopulationgrowthwhileprotectingcriticalopenspacesystems由此产生的发发展框架可确确保为每个城城市的发展采采取平衡的方方法，在支持持城市和农村村生计的基础础设施，交通通和社区服务务方面建立一一系列资本投投资（此处为为贾拉拉巴德德）Aresultingdevelopmentframeworkensuresabalancedapproachforthegrowthofeachcity,settinguparangeofcapitalinvestmentsininfrastructure,mobility,andcommunityservicesthatsupportsurbanandrurallivelihoods(Jalalabadpicturedhere)景观实施工具具包说明了要要在不同景观观类型中采取取的一系列举举措Alandscapeimplementationtoolkitillustratesahostofinitiativestobeundertakenacrossdifferentlandscapetypes贾拉拉巴德河河滨（JalalabadRiverfront）等催化项目目将社区利益益与城市防灾灾能力投资联联系在一起Catalyticprojects,suchastheJalalabadRiverfront,tiecommunitybenefitstoinvestmentsinurbanresilience贾拉拉巴德（（Jalalabad）滨河公园在在季节性洪水水事件中保护护城市核心，，同时创造了了混合基础设设施的新范例例TheJalalabadriverfrontparkprotectsthecoreofthecityfromseasonalfloodeventswhilecreatinganewparadigmofhybridinfrastructure风险评估建立立了一系列策策略，以保护护脆弱的社区区免受滑坡和和山洪的侵害害Ariskassessmentestablishedarangeofstrategiestoprotectvulnerablecommunitiesfromlandslidesandflashflooding贾拉拉巴德一一个脆弱社区区的综合社会会和弹性基础础设施IntegratedsocialandresiliencyinfrastructureinavulnerablecommunityinJalalabad每个省会都是是枢纽，必须须支持更大城城市地区的生生计Eachprovincialcapitalisthehubandmustsupportthelivelihoodsofmuchlargercity-regions建议建立一个个农业中心网网络，以促进进区域经济发发展并加强价价值链AnetworkofAgriculturalHubsareproposedtopromoteregionaleconomicdevelopmentandstrengthenvaluechains在坎大哈新兴兴地区的投资资使城市发展展与经济机遇遇保持一致InvestmentinanemergingdistrictofKandaharalignsurbangrowthwitheconomicopportunity一个新的城市市节点为坎大大哈创造了强强大的区域经经济支柱AnewurbannodecreatesastrongregionaleconomicanchorforKandahar诸如马扎里沙沙里夫（Mazar-e-Sharif）之类的快速速发展的城市市将促进沿新新的公交快速速通道发展FastgrowingcitieslikeMazar-e-SharifwillpromotedevelopmentalongnewBusRapidTransitCorridors在交通和发展展方面的协调调投资促进了了紧凑，可持持续发展的城城市Coordinatedinvestmentsinmobilityanddevelopmentpromoteacompact,sustainablecity催化公共领域域项目和公交交一体化改善善了马扎尔市市中心的生活活质量CatalyticpublicrealmprojectsandtransitintegrationimprovequalityoflifeinthecentralcoreofMazar像Khost这样的二线城城市通过对主主要城市走廊廊的催化性投投资来增强其其身份Second-tiercitieslikeKhostreinforcetheiridentitywithcatalyticinvestmentsinprimaryurbancorridors具有可衡量结结果的数据驱驱动方法AData-DrivenApproachwithMeasurableOutcomesSasaki除了通过利益益相关者外展展建立共识之之外，还采用用了基于证据据的方法来制制定每个城市市的投资和决决策路线图。。在一个自1970年代以来就没没有进行过全全国人口普查查的国家，收收集和验证数数据绝非易事事。Sasaki利用所有可用用资源-从全球土地使使用数据集到到我们自己的的家庭调查，，开发了基线线数据评估来来绘制每个城城市的地图并并制定基准。。这些数据为为与利益相关关者的参与提提供了一个通通用的信息基基础，并推动动了战略发展展框架战略和和目标的评估估。Inadditiontobuildingconsensusthroughstakeholderoutreach,Sasakiusedanevidence-basedapproachtodeveloparoadmapforinvestmentanddecisionmakingineachcity.Inacountrythathasnothadanationalcensussincethe1970s,collectingandverifyingdatawasnoeasytask.Drawingoneverysourceavailable––fromgl