硕士研究生入学考试-英语二参考答案

2014年硕士研究生入学考试英语二参考答案

说明：由于2014年试题为一题多卷，因此现场试卷中的选择题部分，不同考生有不同顺序。

请在核对答案时注意题目和选项的具体内容。

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblackandmarkA,B,CorD

onANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Thinnerisn'talwaysbetter.Anumberofstudieshave_l_thatnormal-weightpeoplearein

factathigherriskofsomediseases,comparedtothosewho釭eoverweight.Andtherearehealth

conditionsforwhichbeingoverweightisactually_2_.Forexample,heavierwomenarelesslikely

todevelopcalciumdeficiencythanthinwomen._3_,amongtheelderly,beingsomewhat

overweightisoftenan_4_ofgoodhealth.

Ofevengreater_5_isthefactthatobesityturnsouttobeverydifficulttodefine.Itisoften

defined_6_bodymassindex,orBMI.BMI_7_bodymassdividedbythesquareofheight.An

adultwithaBMIof18to25isoftenconsideredtobemoralweight.Between25and30is

overweight.Andover30isconsideredobese.Obesity,_8_,canbedividedintomoderatelyobese,

severelyobese,andveryseverelyobese.Whilesuchnumericalstandardsseem_9_,theyarenot.

Obesityisprobablylessamatterofweightthanbodyfat.SomepeoplewithahighBMIareinfact

extremelyfit,_10_otherswithalowBMImaybeinpoor_11_.Forexample,manycollegiateand

professionalfootballplayers_12_asobese,thoughthe订percentagebodyfatislow.Conversely,

someonewithasmallframemayhavehighbodyfatbuta_13_BMI.Todaywehavea(n)_14_to

labelobesityasadisgrace.Theoverweightaresometimes_15_inthemediawiththeirfaces

covered.Stereotypes_16_withobesityincludelaziness,lackofwillpower,andlowerprospects

forsuccess.Teachers,employers,andhealthprofessionalshavebeenshowntoharborbiases

ag扣nsttheobese._17_veryyoungchildrentendtolookdownontheoverweight,andteasing

aboutbodybuildhaslongbeenaprobleminschools.

Negativeattitudestowardsobesity,_18_inhealthconcerns,havestimulatedanumberof

anti-obesity_19_.Myownhospitalsystemhasbannedsugarydrinks仕omitsfacilities.Many

employershaveinstitutedweightlossandfitnessinitiatives.MichelleObamahaslauncheda

high—visib山tycampaign_20_childrenobesity,evenclai1ningthatitrepresentsourgreatest

nationalsecuritythreat.

1.(A)concluded(B)ensuredCC)doubted(D)denied

2.(A)dangerous(B)protective(C)sufficient(D)troublesome

3.(A)InsteadCB)However(C)Likewise(D)Therefore

4.(A)objective(B)indicatorCC)originCD)example

s.CA)impactCB)relevance(C)assistanceCD)concern

6.(A)infavorof(B)incaseof(C)intermof(D)inrespectsof

7.(A)equals(B)determines(C)measures(D)modifies

8.(A)inturn(B)incontrast(C)inessence(D)inpart

9.(A)complicatedCB)conservative(C)variable(D)straightforw缸d

10.(A)so(B)unless(C)since(D)while

11.(A)shapeCB)spirit(C)balanceCD)taste

12.(A)start(B)qualify(C)stay(D)retire

13.(A)strangeCB)constantCC)normal(D)changeable

14.(A)option(B)tendency(C)opportunity(D)reason

15.(A)employedCB)pictured(C)iinitated(D)monitored

16.(A)compared(B)combined(C)settled(D)associated

17.(A)Yet(B)Still(C)Even(D)Only

18.(A)despised(B)ignored(C)corrected(D)grounded

19.(A)discussionsCB)businesses(C)policiesCD)studies

20.(A)against(B)for(C)without(D)with

完形填空参考答案

l.(A)concluded

2.(B)protective

3.(C)Likewise

4.(B)indictor

5.(D)concern

6.(C)intermof

7.(A)equals

8.(A)intum

9.(D)straightforward

10.(D)while

11.(A)shape

12.(B)qualify

13.(C)normal

14.CB)tendency

15.(B)pictured

16.(D)associated

17.(C)Even

18.(D)grounded

19.(C)policies

20.(A)against

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD

MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Whatwouldyoudowith$590m?ThisisnowaquestionforGloriaMacKenzie,an

84-year-oldwidowwhorecentlyemergedfromhersmall,tin-roofedhouseinFloridatocollectthe

biggestundividedlotteryjackpotinhist01yTheblogosphereisfullofadviceforthislucky

Powerballpensioner.Butifshehopeshernew-foundlucrewillyieldlastingfeelingsoffulfilment,

shecoulddoworsethanread"HappyMoney"byElizabethDunnandMichaelNorton.

Thesetwoacademics—sheteachespsychologyattheUniversityofBritishColumbia;he

lecturesonmarketingatHarvardBusinessSchool-useana订ayofbehaviouralresearchtoshow

thatthemostrewardingwaystospendmoneycanbecounterintuitive.Fantasiesofgreatwealth

ofteninvolvevisionsoffancycarsandpalatialhomesonremotebluffs.Yetsatisfactionwiththese

materialpw·chaseswearsofffairlyquickly.Whatwasonceexcitingandnewbecomesold-hat;

remorsecreepsin.Itisfarbettertospendmoneyonexperiences,sayMsDunnandMrNorton,

likeinterestingtrips,uniquemealsorevengoingtotl1ecinema.Thesepurchasesoftenbecome

morevaluablewithtime—asstoriesormemories—particularlyiftheyinvolvefeelingmore

connectedtoothers.

Thisslimvolumeispackedwithtipstohelpwageslavesaswellaslotterywinnersgetthe

most"happinessbangforyourbuck".Itseemsmostpeoplewouldbebetteroffiftheycould

shortentheircommutestowork,spendmoretimewithfriendsandfamilyandlessofitwatching

television(somethingtheaverageAmericanspendsawhoppingtwomonthsayeardoing,andis

hardlyjollierforit).Buyinggiftsorgivingtocharityisoftenmorepleasurablethanpurchasing

thingsforoneself,andluxuriesaremostenjoyablewhentheyareconsumedsparingly.Thisis

apparentlythereasonMcDonald'srestrictstheavailabilityofitspopularMcRib—amarketing

gimmickthathasturnedtheporksandwichintoanobjectofobsession.

Readersof"HappyMoney"areclearlyaprivilegedlot,anxiousaboutfulfilment,nothunger.

Moneymaynotquitebuyhappiness,butpeopleinwealthiercountriesaregenerallyhappierthan

thoseinpoorones.Yetthelinkbetweenfeelinggoodandspendingmoneyonotherscanbeseen

amongrichandpoorpeoplearoundtheworld,andscarcityenhancesthepleasureofmostthings

formostpeople.Noteveryonewillagreewiththeauthors'policyideas,whichrangefrom

mandatingmoreholidaytimetoreducingt.axincentivesforAmericanhomebuyers.Butmost

peoplewillcomeawayfromthisbookbelievingitwasmoneywellspent.

21.AccordingtoDunnandNorton,whichofthefollowingisthemostrewardingpurchase?

[A]A1ichmeal[B]Aspecialtour[C]astylishcar[D]Abighouse

22.Tl1eauthor'sattitudetowardAmericans'watchingTVis

[A]critical[B]supportive[C]sympathetic[DJambiguous

23.McRibismentionedinParagraph3toshowthat_.

[A]popularityusuallycomesafterquality

[B]consumersaresometimesirrational

[C]marketingtricksareofteneffective

[DJraritygeneraJlyincreasespleasure

24.Accordingtothelastparagraph,HappyMoney_.

[A]mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

[B]hasleftmuchroomforreaders'criticism

[C]haspredicatedawiderincomegapintheUS

[D]maygiveitsreadersasenseofachievement

25.Thistextmainlydiscusseshowto_.

[A]balancefeelinggoodandspendingmoney

[B]spendlargesumsofmoneywoninlotteries

[C]obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

[D]becomemorereasonableinspendingonluxmies

Text2

AnarticleinScientificAmericanhaspointedoutthatempiricalresearchsaysthat,actually,

youthinkyou'remorebeautifulthanyouare.Wehaveadeep-seatedneedtofeelgoodabout

ourselvesandwenaturallyemployanumberofself-enhancing(tousethepsychological

ternlinology)strategiestoachievethis.Socialpsychologistshaveamassedoceansofresearchinto

whattheycallthe"aboveaverageeffect",or"illusorysuperiority",andshownthat,forexample,

70%ofusrateourselvesasaboveaverageinleadership,93%indriving(acrosstheagesand

genders)and85%atgettingonwellwithothers-allobviouslystatisticalimpossibilities.

Werose-tintourmemoriesandputourselvesintoself-aftu·mingsituations.Webecome

defensivewhencriticized,andapplynegativestereotypestootherstoboostourownesteem.We

sti·utaroundthirtkingwe'rehotstuff.

PsychologistandbehavioralscientistNicholasEpleyoversawakeystudyinto

self-enhancementandattractiveness.Ratherth叩havepeoplesimplyratetheiJ·beautycompared

withothers,heaskedthemtoidentifyanoriginalphotographofthemselvesfromalineup

includingversionsthathadbeenmorphedtoappearmoreandlessattractive.Visualrecognition,

readsthestudy,is"anautomaticpsychologicalprocess,occurringrapidlyandintuitivelywithlittle

ornoapparentconsciousdeliberation".Ifthesubjectsquicklychoseafalselyflatteringimage-

whichmostdid-theygenuinelybelieveditwasreallyhowtheylooked.

Epleyfoundnosignificantgenderdifferenceinresponses.Norwasthereanyevidencethat

thosewhoself-enhancedthemost(thatis,theparticipantswhothoughtthemostpositively

doctoredpictureswerereal)weredoingsotomakeupforprofoundinsecurities.Infact,thosewho

thoughtthattheimageshigheruptheattractivenessscalewererealdirectlycorrespondedwith

thosewhoshowedothermarkersforhavinghigherself-esteem."Idon'tthinkthefindingsthatwe

haveareanyevidenceofpersonaldelusion,"saysEpley."It'sareflectionsimplyofpeople

generallythinkingwellofthemselves."Ifyouaredepressed,youwon'tbeself-enhancing

KnowingtheresultsofEpley'sstudy,itmakessensethatmanypeoplehatephotographsof

themselvessoviscerally—ononelevel,theydon'tevenrecognizethepersoninthepictureas

themselves.Facebook,therefore,isaself-enhancer'sparadise,wherepeoplecanshareonlythe

flukiestofflatteringphotos,thecreamoftheirwit,style,beauty,intellectandlifestyles.It'snot

thatpeople'sprofilesaredishonest,saysCatalinaTomaofWisconsin-MadisonUniversity,"but

theyportrayanidealizedversionofthemselves".(Peoplearemuchmorelikelytoout-and-outlje

ondatingwebsites,toanaudienceofstrangers.

26.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,socialpsychologistshavefoundthat_.

[A]ourself-ratingsareumealisticallyhigh

[BJillusorysuperiorityisabaselesseffect

[C]self-enhancingstrategiesareineffective

[D]ourneedforleadershipisunnatural

27.Visualrecognitionisbelievedtobepeople's_.

[A]rapidmatching[BJintuitiveresponse

[C]automaticself-defense[D]consciouschoice

28.Epleyfoundthatpeoplewithhigherself-esteemtendedto_.

[A]underestimatetheirinsecttrities

[BJcoveruptheirdepressions

[CJbelieveintheirattractiveness

[D]oversimplifytheirillusions

29.Theword"viscerally"(Line2,Paragraph5)isclosestinmeaningto_.

[A]occasionally[B]instinctively[C]particularly[D]aggressively

30.ItcanbeinferredFacebookisaself-enhancersparadisebecausepeoplecan_.

[A]presenttheirdishonestprofiles

[B]withholdstheirunflatteringsides

[C]definetheirtraditionallifestyles

[D]sharetheirintellectualpursuits

Text3

Theconceptofmanversusmachineisatleastasoldastheindustrialrevolution,butthis

phenomenontendstobemostacutelyfeltduringeconomicdownturnsandfragilerecoveries.And

yet,itwouldbeamistaketothinkwearerightnowsimplyexperiencingthepainfulsideofa

boomandbustcycle.Certainjobshavegoneawayforgood,outmodedbymachines.Since

technologyhassuchaninsatiableappetiteforeatinguphumanjobs,thisphenomenonwill

continuetorestt·uctureoureconomyinwayswecan'timmediatelyforesee.

Whenthereisexponentialimprovementinthepriceandperformanceoftechnology,jobs

thatwereoncethoughttobei1rununefromautomationsuddenlybecometlu·eatened.This

argumenthasattractedalotofattention,viathesuccessofthebookRaceAgainsttheMachine,by

ErikBrynjolfssonandAndrewMcAfee,whobothhailfromMIT'sCenterforDigitalBusiness.

Thisisapowerfulargument,andascaryone.Andyet,JohnHagel,authorofThePowerof

Pullandotherbooks,saysBrynjolfssonandMcAfeemissthereasonwhythesejobsareso

vulnerabletotechnologyinthefirstplace.

HagelsayswehavedesignedjobsintheU.S.thattendtobe"tightlyscripted"and"highly

standardized"onesthatleavenoroomfor"individualinitiativeorcreativity."Inshort,theseare

thetypesofjobsthatmachinescanperformmuchbetteratthanhumanbeings.Thatishowwe

haveputagianttargetsignonthebacksofAmericanworkers,Hagelsays

It'stimetoreinventtheformulaforhowworkisconducted,sincewearestillrelyingona

ve1-y20thcenturynotionofwork,Hagelsays.Inourrapidlychangingeconomy,wemorethan

everneedpeopleintheworkplacewhocantakeinitiativeandexercisetheirimagilrntion"to

respondtounexpectedevents."That'snotsomething

machinesaregoodat.Theyaredesignedtoperformverypredictableactivities.

AsHagelnotes,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeeindeedtouchedonthispointintheirbook.We

needtoreframeraceagainstthemac血easracewiththemachine.Inotherwords,weneedto

lookatthewaysinwhichmachinescanaugmenthumanlaborratherthanreplaceit.Sothenthe

problemisnotreallyabouttechnology,butrather,"howdoweinnovateourinstitutionsandour

workpractices?"

31.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,economicdownturnswould_.

[A]easethecompetitionofmanvs.mac怕ne

[B]highlightmachines'threattohumanjobs

[C]provokeapainfultec血ologicalrevolution

[D]outmodeourcurrenteconomicstructure

32.TheauthorsofRaceAgainsttheMachinearguethat_.

[A]technologyisd皿nishingman'sjobopporturuties

[B]automationisacceleratingtechnologicaldevelopment

[C]certainjobswillremainintactafterautomation

[D]manwillfinallywintheraceagainstmachine

33.HagelarguesthatjobsintheU.S.areoften_.

[A]performedbyinnovativeminds

[B]scriptedwithanindividualstyle

[C]staodardizedwithoutacleartarget

[D]designedagainsthumancreativity

34.Accordingtothelastparagraph,BrynjolfssonandMcAfeediscussed_.

[A]thepredictabilityofmachinebehaviorinpractice

[B]theformulaforhowworkisconductedefficiently

[C]thewaysmachinesreplacehumanlaborinmoderntimes

[D]thenecessityofhumaninvolvementintheworkplace

35.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethemostappropriatetitleforthetext?

[A]HowtoInnovateOurWorkPractices

[B]MachjneswillReplaceHumanLabor

[C]CanWeWintheRaceAgainstMachines

[DJEconomicDownturnsStimulateInnovations

Text4

Whenthegovernmenttalksaboutinfrastructurecontributingtotheeconomythefocusis

usuallyonroads,railways,broadbandandenergy.Housingisseldommentioned.

Whyisthat?Tosomeextentthehousingsectormustshouldertheblame.Wehavenotbeen

goodatcommunicatingtherealvaluethathousingcancontributetoeconomicgrowth.Thenthere

isthescaleofthetypicalhousingproject.Itishardtojostleforattentionamong

multibillion-poundinfrastructureprojects,soitisinevitablethattheattentionisfocusedelsewhere.

Butperhapsthemostsignificantreasonisthattheissuehasalwaysbeensopoliticallycharged.

Thisgovernmentdoesnotwanttoseearetw11tolarge-scaleprovisionofcouncilhousing,soitis

naturallywaryofmeasuresthatwillleadusdownthatroute.

Nevertheless,theaffordablehousingsituationisdesperate.Waitinglistsincreaseallthetime

andwearesimplynotbuildingenoughnewhomes.Thecomprehensivespendingreviewoffersan

opportunityforthegoverrunenttohelprectifythis.Itneedstoputhistoricalprejudicestooneside

andtakesomestepstoaddressoururgenthousingneed.

Therearesomeindicationsthatitispreparingtodojustthat.Thecommunitiesminister,Don

Foster,hashintedthatGeorgeOsbornemayintroducemoreflexibilitytothecurrentcaponthe

amountthatlocalauthoritiescanborrowagainsttheirhousingstockdebt.Thecap,introducedin

2012aspartoftheHousingRevenueAccountreform,hasbeenamajorissueforthesector.

Evidenceshowsthat60,000extranewhomescouldbebuiltoverthenextfiveyearsifthecap

werelifted,increasingGDPby0.6%.Ministersshouldalsolookatcreatinggreatercertaintyinthe

rentalenvironment,whichwouldhaveasignificantimpactontheabilityofregisteredprovidersto

fundnewdevelopmentsfromrevenues.

Butitisnotjustdowntothegovernment.Whilethesemeasureswouldbewelcomeinthe

shortterm,wemustfaceuptothefactthattheexisting£4.Sbnprogra1nmeofgrantstofundnew

affordablehousing,settoexpirein2015,isunlikelytobeextendedbeyondthen.TheLabour

partyhasrecentlyannouncedthatitwillretainalargepartofthecoalition'sspendingplansifit

returnstopower.Thehousingsectorneedstoacceptthatweai·everyunlikelytoeverreturntothe

eraoflarge-scalepublicgrants.Weneedtoadjusttothischangingclimate.

36.Theauthorbelievesthatthehousingsector_.

[A]hasattractedmuchattention

[B]haslostitsrealvalueineconomy

[C]shoulderstoomuchresponsibility

(D]involvescertainpoliticalfactors

37.Itcanbelearnedthataffordablehousinghas_.

[A]sufferedgovernmentbiases

[B]increaseditshomesupply

[C]offeredspendingopportunities

[D]disappointedthegovernment

38.AccordingtoParagraph5,GeorgeOsbornemay_.

[A]preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

[B]releasealiftedGDPgrowthforecast

[C]allowgreatergovernmentdebtforhousing

[D]stoplocalauthoritiesfrombuildinghomes

39.Itcanbeinferredthatastablerentalenvironmentwould

[A]lowerthecostsofregisteredproviders

[B]relievethe1ninisterofresponsibilities

[C]contributetofundingnewdevelopments

[D]lessentheimpactofgovernmentinterference

40.Theauthorbelievesthatafter2015,thegovernmentmay_.

[A]implementmorepoliciestosupporthousing

[B]stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

[C]renewtheaffordablehousinggrantsprogramme

[D]reviewtheneedforlarge-scalepublicgrants

阅读理解A节参考答案

TEXTl

21.(B)Aspecialtour

22.(A)critical

23.(D)raritygenerallyincreasespleasure

24.(A)mayprovetobeaworthwhilepurchase

25.(C)obtainlastingsatisfactionfrommoneyspent

TEXT2

26.(A)ourself-ratingsareumealisticallyhigh

27.(B)intuitiveresponse

28.(C)believeintheirdepression

29.(B)insinstitinetively

30.(B)withholdstheirunflatteringsides

TEXT3

31.(B)highlightmachines'threattohumanjobs

32.(A)technologyisd血inishingman'sjobopportunities

33.CD)designedagainsthumanactivity

34.(B)theformulaforhowworkisconductedefficiently

35.(C)CanWeWintheRaceAgainstMachines

TEXT4

36.(D)involvescertainpoliticalfactors

37.(A)sufferedgovernmentbiases

38.(A)preparetoreducehousingstockdebt

39.CC)contributetofundingnewdevelopments

40.(B)stopgenerousfundingtothehousingsector

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbyfindinginformationfromtherightcolumn

thatcorrespondstoeachofthemarkeddetailsgivenintheleftcolu1nn.Therearetwoextra

choicesintherightcolumn.MarkyouransweronANSWERSHEET.(]0points)

EmerginginthelateSixtiesandreachingapeakintheSeventies,LandArtwasoneofa

rangeofnewforms,includingBody知，PerformanceArt,ActionA11andInstallationArt,which

pushedartbeyondthetraditionalconfinesofthestudioandgallery.Ratherthanportraying

landscape,landartistsusedthephysicalsubstanceofelanditselfastheirmedium.

TheBritishlandartist,typifiedbyRichardLong'spiece,wasnotonlymoredomestically

scaled,butalotqu叶;jerthanitsAmeticancounterpart.rndeed,whileyoumightassumethatan

exhibitionofLandArtwouldconsistonlyofrecordsofworksratherthantheworksthemselves,

Long'sphotographofhisworkisthework.Sincehis"action"isinthepastthephotographisits

soleembodiment.

Thatmightseemratheranobscurepoint,butitsetsthetoneforanexhibitionthatcontainsa

lotofblack-and-whitephotographsandrelativelyfewnaturalobjects.LongisBritain's

best-knownLandArtistandhisStoneCircle,aperfectringofpurplishrocksfromPortishead

beachlaidoutonthegalleryfloor,representstheelegant,rarefiedsideoftheform.TheBoyle

Family,ontheotherhand,standsforitsdirty,urbanaspect.ComprisingartistsMarkBoyleand

JoanHillsandtheirchildren,theyrecreatedrandomsectionsoftheBritishlandscapeongallery

walls.TheirOlafStreetStudy,asquareofbrick-strewnwasteground,isoneofthefewworkshere

toembracethemundanitythatcharacterizesmostofourexpetienceofthelandscapemostofthe

time.

Parksfeature,particularlyintheearlierworks,suchasJohnHilliard'sveryfunnyAcrossthe

Park,inwhichalong-hairedstrolJerisvariouslysmiledatbyaprettygirlandunwittingly

assaultedinasequenceofimagesthatturnouttobedifferentpartsofthesamephotograph.

GenerallyhoweverBritishlandartistspreferredtogetawayfromtowns,gravitatingtowards

landscapesI.hataretraditionallyconsideredbeautifulsuchastheLakeDistrictortheWiltshire

Downs.Whileitprobablywasn'tapparentatthetime,muchofthisworkispermeatedbyaspirit

ofromanticescapismthatthelikesofWordsworthwouldhavereadilyunderstood.DerekJarman's

yellow-tintedfilmTowardsAvebury,acollectionoflong,mostlystillshotsoftheWiltsh匹

landscape,evokesatraditionofEnglishlandscapepaintingstretchingfromSamuelPalmerto

PaulNash.

InthecaseofHamishFulton,youcan'thelpfeelingthattheScottishartistbassimplyfound

awayofmakinghisloveofwalkingpay.Atypicalwork,suchasSevenDays,consistsofasingle

beautifulblack-and-whitephotographtakenonanepicwalk,withthemileageandnumberofdays

takenlistedbeneath.BritishLandArtasshowninthiswellselected,butrelativelymodestly

scaledexhibitionwasn'taboutimposingonthelandscape,moreakindoflandscape-orientated

lightconceptualartcreatedpassingthrough.Ithaditsoriginsinthegreatoutdoors,buttheresults

wereasgallery-boundasthepaintingsofTurnerandConstable.

[A]originatesfromalongwalkthattheartisttook.

41.StoneCircle(B]illustratesakindoflandscape-orientatedlightconceptualart.

42.OlafStreetStudy[C]rem.indspeopleoftheEnglishlandscapepaintingtradition.

43.AcrossthePark[D]representstheeleganceoftheBritishlandart.

44.TowardsAvebury[E]depictstheordinarysideoftheBritishlandart.

45.SevenDays(F]embodiesaromanticescapeintotheScottishoutdoors.

[G]containsimagesfromdifferentpaitsofthesamephotograph.

阅读理解B节参考答案

41.(0)representstheeleganceoftheBritishlandart.

42.(E)depictstheordinarysideoftheBritishlandart.

43.(G)containsimagesfromdifferentpartsofthesamephotograph.

44.(C)remfodspeopleoftheEnglishlandscapepaintingtradition

45.(A)originatesfromalongwalkthattheartisttook.

46.Direction:

InthissectionthereisatextinEnglish.TranslateitintoChinese,writeyourtranslationon

ANSWERSHEET.(15points)

Mostpeoplewoulddefineoptimismasbeingendlesslyhappy,withaglassthat'sperpetually

halffull.Butthat'sexactlythekjndoffalsecheer和lnessthatpositivepsychologistswouldn't

reco1runend."Healthyoptimismmeansbeingintouchwithreality",saysTaiBen—Shahar,a

Harvardprofessor.AccordingtoBen-Shahar,realistic

optimistsarethosewhomakethebestofthingsthathappen,butnotthosewhobelieve

everythinghappensforthebest.

Inhisownlife,Ben-Shaharusesthreeoptimisticexercises,whichhecallsPRP.Whenhe

feelsdown-say,aftergivingabadlecture-hegrantshimselfpermission(P)tobehuman.He

re1nindshimselfthatnoteverylecturecanbeaNobelwinner;somewillbelesseffectivethan

others.Nextisreconstruction(R).Heanalyzestheweaklecture,learninglessonsforthefuture

aboutwhatworksandwhatdoesn't.Finally,thereisperspective(P),whichinvolves

acknowledgingthatinthegrandschemeoflife,onelecturereallydoesn'tmatter.

翻译参考答案

大多数人可能把乐观定义为无休止的快乐，就像水杯中永远有半杯水一样。但是这确实

是对欢乐错误的定义，这是积极的心理学家们所不推崇的。“健全的乐观意味着要与事实相

结合。“哈佛大学的教授塔尔·班夏哈这样说道。根据塔尔·班夏哈的观点，现实的乐观主

义者是指能够充分利用既定事实的人们，而不是认为所有的事情都会有最好的结果。

在他本人的生活中，塔尔·班夏哈运用了乐观三步骤。首先，当他感觉不好的时候，比

如，在结束一场糟糕的演讲之后，他坦然承认自己只是很普通的人。他提醒自己，并不是每

次演讲都能获得诺贝尔奖，一些演讲可能没有其他的有效（并不是所有演讲都有效）。其次，

就是自我重建，他分析差的演讲，为以后的演讲学习哪些可以有助千演讲而哪些不行。最后，

就是透视法，那就是必须承认在宏伟的人生蓝图中，一次演讲真的什么都不算。