2022年全国新高考I卷高考英语试卷真题答案及知识点详解（深度解读）

绝密★启用前试卷类型：A2022年高考英语真题深度解读（新高考全国卷I）本试卷共10页，满分120分。考试用时120分钟。注意事项：1.答卷前，考生务必用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔将自己的姓名、考生号、考场号和座位号填写在答题卡上。用2B铅笔将试卷类型（A）填涂在答题卡相应位置上。将条形码横贴在答题卡右上角“条形码粘贴处”。因笔试不考听力，选择题从第二部分的“阅读”开始，试题序号从“21”开始。2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目选项的答案信息点涂黑；如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案，答案不能答在试卷上。3.非选择题必须用黑色字迹钢笔或签字笔作答，答案必须写在答题卡各题目指定区域内相应位置上；如需改动，先划掉原来的答案，然后再写上新的答案；不准使用铅笔和涂改液，不按以上要求作答的答案无效。4.考生必须保持答题卡的整洁：考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并交回。第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AGradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiteratureGradingScale90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.Essays（60%）Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartofthegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2=15%;Essay3=15%;Essay4=20%GroupAssignments（30%）Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments（作业）duringthecourse.AlltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbytheassigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcoursemanagementsystem.DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework（10%）Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroupworktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobecompletedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Atextbook. B.Anexampaper. C.Acourseplan. D.Anacademicarticle.22.Howmanypartsisastudent'sfinalgrademadeupof?A.Two. B.Three. C.Four. D.Five.23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A.Youwillreceiveazero. B.Youwilllosealettergrade.C.Youwillbegivenatest. D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.语篇解读主旨概要本文是一篇应用文。介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。语言知识词汇默写1.policy 2.introduction 3.literature4.scale 5.essay 6.combine7.assignment 8.submit 9.vary10.additionally 11.excuse 12.absence词汇答案1.policy n.

政策；方针 2.introductionn.

介绍；引进；序言；导论 3.literaturen.

文学；文献；<口>印刷品4.scalen.

刻度；等级，规模；音阶；量程；天枰，磅秤；鳞片，鳞状物v.

攀登；按比例决定；称重；刮鳞；剥落 5.essay n.

论文；短评；散文；试图vt.

尝试 6.combinev.

联合；使结合；结合n.

集团；联合收割机；联合企业7.assignmentn.

分配；任务；功课；委派；被指定的(课外)作业;(分派的)任务 8.submitvt.

使服从；使屈服；提交；递交；认为vi.

屈从 9.varyv.

改变；变化；使多样化10.additionallyadv.

另外；同时；此外 11.excusevt.

原谅；辩解n.

理由；辩解；借口 12.absencen.

缺席；缺乏重点短语1.fromtimetotime不时地；偶尔2.ontheduedate在到期日3.turnin上交4.asaresultof(作)为…的结果长难句分析Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbereadytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectlyfromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotesduringclass.句意为：课堂活动每天都会有所不同，但学生必须准备好完成课堂短文写作或测试，这些测试直接从指定阅读材料或前一节课的讲座/讨论笔记中所提取，因此在课堂上认真记笔记很重要。句型分析：这是一个并列句，but前面是一个简单句“Classactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday”，but后面是一个复合句，其中由“so”引导的结果状语从句。【答案与解析】21【答案】C 推理判断题。此题考查文章来源，根据文章标题“GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature(文学概论课程评分办法)”和下面的小黑体标题Essays(60%)，GroupAssignments(30%)，DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)，LateWork（作文（60%）、小组作业（30%）、日常作业/课堂写作和测试/小组作业/家庭作业（10%）、迟到作业）可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法，可得出本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。22【答案】B 细节理解题。根据小黑体标题Essays(60%)，GroupAssignments(30%)，DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTests/GroupWork/Homework(10%)，LateWork——作文（60%）、小组作业（30%）、日常作业/课堂写作和测试/小组作业/家庭作业（10%），可知学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。23【答案】A 推理判断题。根据题干关键词“aftertheduedate”定位到原文“LateWork”部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.(如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。选项中的“receiveazero”和原文中的“earnazero”是同义转换。故选A项。BLikemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula（芝麻菜）wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth'scoverstory.It'sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly"（butquiteeatable）vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,"iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld."Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let'skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it'smorelike12bonesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished（有瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon'tthink."Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon'teat,"Curtinsays.24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste. B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat. D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.25.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetest?A.Moraldecline. B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage. D.Worldwidestarvation.26.WhatdoesCurtin'scompanydo?A.Itproduceskitchenequipment. B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.27.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A.Buyonlywhatisneeded. B.Reducefoodconsumption.C.Goshoppingonceaweek. D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.语篇解读主旨概要本文是一篇说明文。介绍了日常生活中的食物浪费现象以及华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官科廷为解决食物浪费而采取的努力。原文出处来源于2016年3月国家地理杂志。语言知识词汇默写1.stuck 2.freezer 3.unthinkingly4.moral 5.jaw-dropping 6.reject7.grocer 8.resource 9.donated10.recover 11.rot 12.obvious13.unintentionally 14.decline 15.shortage16.starvation 17.equipment 18.consumption词汇答案1.stickn.

手杖；枝；杆vt.

刺入；插于；竖起vi.

钉住；坚持，遵守；粘贴；生效，起作用2.freezern.

冰箱；冷冻室3.unthinkingly轻率地4.moraladj.

道德的；精神上的n.

寓意；道德；品行；伦理5.jaw-droppingadj.

使人十分惊奇的；惊人的6.rejectvt.

拒绝；排斥；驳回；丢弃n.

不合格产品；被拒之人7.grocern.

食品杂货商；杂货店8.resourcen.

资源；机敏；才略；寄托；消遣9.donatedv.

(动词)捐献（器官），捐赠，赠给，送，赠送10.recoverv.

恢复；复原；重获11.rotn.

腐烂；腐蚀；败坏；胡话v.

腐烂；使...枯朽；消瘦12.obviousadj.

明显的；显然的13.unintentionallyadv.

非故意地14.declinev.

下降；减少；变弱；拒绝；倾斜n.

衰微；跌落；晚年15.shortagen.

不足；缺少，短缺16.starvationn.

饿死；饥饿17.equipmentn.

设备；装备；器材18.consumptionn.

消费；消耗；肺痨重点短语1.bemindfulof注意,留心,不忘却2.roundout偏心距;完成;舍入;发胖;3.endupdoing最终成为;做完某事;结束;4.asdayspassed日子一天天过去5.gobad变坏；变酸；腐败6.evenworse跟糟糕的是7.threwout扔掉8.takedonations接受捐赠9.sidedish配菜长难句分析1.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.句意为：生产无人食用的食物会浪费水、燃料和其他用于种植的资源。句型分析：此句是复合句，主句“Producingfoodwastesthewater,fuel,andotherresources”为主谓宾结构，“thatnooneeats”是定语从句，修饰前面的名词“food”；“usedtogrowit”过去分词做后置定语，修饰“otherresources”。2.Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat.句意为：每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周购物时不购买超过需要的食物，还是要求餐厅不要提供你不会吃的配菜。句型分析：此句为简单句，其中“whetherbydoingorbydoing”属于whether加介词短语的结构，表示一种选择。【答案与解析】24【答案】B 推理判断题。根据题干关键词“thearugulastory”可定位到原文的第一段。由“Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.(像我们大多数人一样，我努力关注那些被浪费的食物)”以及“Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;couldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.(但随着时间的推移，芝麻菜变坏了。更糟糕的是，我不假思索地买了太多东西；我扔掉的东西可以做六份沙拉)”可推知，作者想通过讲述芝麻菜的故事来表明我们有时会无意间浪费食物。选项中的“wastefoodunintentionally”和原文中的“unthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch”是同义转换。故选B。25【答案】B 细节理解题。根据题干关键词“foodwaste”可定位到原文第三段。第三段“Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andother,resourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”(生产没人吃的食物会浪费用于种植食物的水、燃料和其他资源。这使得食物浪费成为一个环境问题。事实上，罗伊特写道，“如果食物浪费是一个国家，它将是世界上第三大温室气体排放国。”)”可知，根据文中的说法，浪费食物的一个后果是对环境有危害。选项中的“Environmentalharm”和原文“makesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem”是同义转换。故选B。26【答案】D 细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Curtin’scompany”可定位到原文倒数第二段。根据“CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)produce,thatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.(科廷是华盛顿DC中央厨房的首席执行官，该公司把食物复原，变成健康的食物。去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集有瑕疵的农产品，收回了超过807500磅的食物，否则这些农产品就会在地里腐烂。至于草莓呢？志愿者们将清洗、切割、冷冻或干燥它们，以便在路上的餐食中使用)”可知，DCCentralKitchen是回收食物并将其转化为健康的膳食的一家公司。选项中的“makesmealsoutofunwantedfood”是原文中的“recoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals”的同义转换。故选D。27【答案】A 细节理解题。根据题干关键词“Curtin”可定位到原文最后一段Curtin说的话。根据““Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.(“每个人都可以在减少浪费方面发挥作用，无论是在每周的购物中不购买不必要的食物，还是要求餐馆不包括你不吃的配菜，”科廷说)”可知，科廷建议人们只买需要的东西来避免浪费食物。选项中的“Buyonlywhatisneeded”是原文中的“notpurchasingmorefoodthannecessary”同义转换。故选A。CTheelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善组织）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing,Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuthXavier.Shesaid:“IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerandhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwenttoschool."Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegonetobed."It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful."Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere."LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes. B.Toprovidepart-timejobsfortheaged.C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch. D.Topromotetheelderlypeople'swelfare.29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills. B.Shehasgainedasenseofachievement.C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory. D.Shehasdevelopedastrongpersonality.30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"embarkon"meaninparagraph7?A.Improve. B.Oppose. C.Begin. D.Evaluate.31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwoparagraphs?A.Itiswellreceived. B.Itneedstobemorecreative.C.Itishighlyprofitable. D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.语篇解读主旨概要本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。原文出处来源帮助老年人的一个公益网站，该机构提倡解决老年人孤独的问题。语言知识词汇默写1.resident 2.charity 3.loneliness4.wellbeing 5.dementia 6.staff7.reduction 8.financial 9.support10.session 11.benefit 12.Shared13.harmony 14.Promote 15.Wfitable词汇答案1.residentn.

居民；住客；住院医生adj.

居住的2.charityn.

慈善；宽厚；慈善机关(团体)；仁慈3.lonelinessn.

孤独；寂寞4.wellbeingn.

幸福，康宁，安宁；健康；福利5.dementian.

痴呆6.staffn.

员工；全体人员；拐杖；棒；7.reductionn.

减少；降低；减价；(化学)还原反应；(数学)约分8.financialadj.

金融的；财政的；<非正式>有钱的9.supportvt.

支持；承受；支撑；供养；资助；证实；支援；担任演出嘉宾n.

支持；支撑；援助；供养；依据；助演嘉宾10.sessionn.

会议；会期；开庭期；学期；一段时间11.benefitn.

利益；津贴；义演；保险金；借助vt.

有益于；得益12.sharedadj.

共享的；共用的13.harmonyn.

和谐；协调；调和；和声14.Promotevt.

促进；提升；升迁；发起；促销，推销15.Welfaren.

福利；福利事业；幸福16.profitableadj.

有益的；有利可图的重点短语1.carehome护理院2.bedreamedupby是······的创意3.rollitout推广长难句分析Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengivenfinancialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.句意为：目前，东北部20家养老院有700名老年人在照顾母鸡，该慈善机构已获得财政支持，将其推广到全国。句型分析：此句为“and”连接的并列句，“lookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast”为后置定语，修饰“people”;“and”后是一个简单句，使用了被动语态。【答案与解析】28【答案】D 推理判断题。根据题干关键词“theproject”定位到原文第二段。根据“Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity(慈善组织)toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing(该项目是当地一家慈善机构的创意，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。选项中的“promotetheelderlypeople’swelfare”是原文中的“reducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople’swellbeing”同义转换。故选D。29【答案】B 推理判断题。根据题干关键词“RuthXavier”定位到文章第五段。根据““It’sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.I’menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful.”(有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，RuthXavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。选项中的“gainedasenseofachievement”是原文中的“itfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful”的同义转换。故选B。30【答案】C 词义猜测题。根据题干关键词“embarkon”定位到文章倒数第二段。根据“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“oneofthefirst(第一批人之一)”可知WendyWilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin(开始)”含义相近。故选C。31【答案】A 推理判断题。根据题干关键信息“thelasttwoparagraphs”定位到原文最后两段。根据文章倒数第二段“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.(居民们非常欢迎该项目想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”(“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。选项中的“Itiswellreceived”是原文中的“Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.”的归纳总结。故选A。DHumanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,fromthecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthernAfricanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommonthanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"and"v",weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamiánBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned（对齐）,makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure（结构）,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.TheteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwiththedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Foodbecameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thavetodoasmuchworkandsodidn'tgrowtobesolarge.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof"f"and"v"increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,"saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamiánBlasi'sresearchfocuson?A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproducelabiodentals?A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhumanspeechsounds?A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuchtoculturaldiversity.C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolutionofhumanbeings.语篇解读主旨概要本篇是一篇说明文。主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在从世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。原文出处选自2019年3月新科学家杂志。语言知识词汇默写1.contain 2.click 3.ground-breaking4.diet-related 5.scholar 6.note7.arise 8.overbite 9.confirm10.remarkably 11.hunter-gatherer 12.overturn13.evolve 14.appearance 15.variety16.distribution 17.conveniently 18.structure19.evidence 20.potential 21.cess 23.complex 24.dynamic词汇答案1.containvt.

容纳；包含；抑制；克制vi.

自制2.clickn.

咔嗒声；[计]点击v.

（使）发出咔嗒声；点击3.ground-breakingadj.

具有开拓性的4.diet-related和饮食相关的5.scholarn.

学者；获奖学金的学生6.noten.

笔记；便条；纸币；音符；票据；注解；音调vt.

注意；记录；注解7.arisevi.

出现；升起；上升；发生；起来8.overbiten.

[医](牙齿)覆咬合9.confirmv.

证实；批准；确定10.remarkablyadv.

显著突出地；出乎意外地11.hunter-gatherern.

捕猎者-采集者12.overturnv.

翻倒；推翻；颠覆n.

倾覆；打翻13.evolvev.

(使)逐步形成；(使)逐步演变；进化14.appearancen.

出现；露面；外貌；外表；出场15.varietyn.

多样；种类；多样化n.

杂耍16.distributionn.

分布；分发；分配；散布；销售量17.convenientlyadv.

方便地；合宜地18.Structuren.

结构；构造；建筑物vt.

构造；建造；组织19.evidencen.

证据；证词；根据；迹象v.

证明；证实20.potentialadj.

潜在的；可能的n.

潜力；潜能n.

电位；电势21.reasonableadj.

合理的；通情达理的；公平适度的22.processn.

工序；过程v.

加工；处理；起诉；列队前进23.complexadj.

复杂的；合成的；复合的n.

综合体；复合体；[医]综合症状；[心]情结24.dynamicadj.

动力的；动态的；有活力的；【音】力度变化的n.

动力；动力学重点短语1.leadto导致2.remainstable保持稳定长难句分析1.Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthatdiet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages.句意为：一项为期五年的突破性研究表明，与饮食相关的人类咬东西的变化导致了新的语音，目前世界上一半的语言都有这种语音。句型分析：此句为复合句，其中主句为“Astudyshowsthat”，其中宾语从句“diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsoundsthatarenowfoundinhalftheworld’slanguages”作谓语动词“show”的宾语。2.Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.句意为：30多年前，学者查尔斯·霍克特（CharlesHockett）指出，被称为唇齿音，如“f”和“v”，在吃较软食物的社会的语言中更为常见。句型分析：此句为复合句，主句为“thescholarnotedthat”，宾语从句为“speechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and“v”,weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods”作“note”的宾语。3.Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.句意为：他们发现，古代人类成人的上下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿，唇齿是由下唇接触上牙形成的。句型分析：此句为复合句，主句为“Theydiscoveredthat”，宾语从句“theupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned(对齐),makingithardtoproducelabiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth”作“discovered”的宾语。4.AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.句意为：对语言数据库的分析还证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的声音发生了全球变化，“f”和“v”的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。句型分析：此句为复合句，主句为“Analysesconfirmedthat”，宾语从句“therewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears”作“confirm”的宾语，其中“withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears”作伴随状语。5.Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago.句意为：这项研究推翻了一种流行的观点，即人类在大约30万年前进化时，所有的语音都存在。句型分析：此句为复合句，主句为“Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularview”。同位语从句“allhumanspeechsoundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround300,000yearsago”和“view”是互为同位语。6.Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution.句意为：自人类出现以来，我们使用的语音并不一定保持稳定，但我们今天发现的各种语音是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。句型分析：此句为并列句，“but”前面是一个含有定语从句的复合句，定语从句“weuse”修饰前面先行词“speechsounds”；“but”后面也是一个含有定语从句的复合句，定语从句“thatwefindtoday”修饰前面先行词“speechsounds”。【答案与解析】32【答案】D 细节理解题。根据题干关键词DamianBlasi,定位到文章第二段最后一句NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiattheUniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythistrendarose.（现在，由瑞士苏黎世大学的达米安·布拉西领导的一个研究小组已经发现了这种趋势是如何以及为什么会出现的），根据文章第一段中的“Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthatspeechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas“f”and"v",weremorecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofterfoods.（30多年前，学者CharlesHockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。）”可知DamianBlasi的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。33【答案】C 细节理解题。根据题干关键词“ancienthumanadults”定位到第三段。根据“Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned，makingithardtoproducelabiodentals，whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptotheupperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure,makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.（他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音）”可知，因为古代成年人的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。选项中的“Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured”是原文的“theupperandlowerfrontteethofancienthumanadultswerealigned”以及“Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure”的同义转换。故选C项。34【答案】A 主旨大意题。根据题干关键信息“paragraph5”定位到第五段，根据“AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthesoNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.（对语言数据库的分析还证实，新石器时代之后，世界语言的声音发生了全球变化，“f”和“v”的使用在过去几千年中显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然找不到）”可知，第五段主要是通过列明数据分析结果来进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。35【答案】C 推理判断题。根据题干关键词“StevenMoran”定位到文章最后一段。根据““Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnotnecessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhumanbeings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslikebiologicalchangeandculturalevolution,”saidStevenMoran,amemberoftheresearchteam.（研究小组成员StevenMoran说:“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”）”可知，StevenMoran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。选项中的“complexanddynamicsystem”是原文中的“ratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwefindtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthings”的同义转换。故选C项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled"FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner."Onereasonwas:"You'llactuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthegym,"whileanotherread:"36"Withaworkoutpartner,youwillincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle（微妙）competition.So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.37Ordoyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrengthandflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodowithyourworkoutpartner.Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforonsocialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresultinausefulresponse.38Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,thatpersonmustbelongtothesamegym.Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocalpark.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedtodo,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedtospendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavoritesportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.39Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferentskills.40Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit—yourpartnerwillbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemorephysicallyfit.Thecore（核心）ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwillalwaysbetheretohelpeachother.A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.C.You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?E.Howcanyouwriteagood