(英语)江苏省徐州市2018届高三下学期第一次质量检测英语试题+Word版含答案

.../第一部分：听力〔共两节,满分30分第一节听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1.Whereisthetheater?A.OnMartin’sLane. B.OnMapleStreet. C.OnCravenStreet.2.Whatseemstobetheman’shobby?A.WatchingTV.B.Readingbooks.C.TalkingontheWeChat.3.Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?A.Avoidon-salethings B.Waituntiltheweekend. C.Getbettershampoo.4.Whenwillthespeakersprobablymeet?A.OnWednesdayafternoon.B.OnThursdayafternoon.C.OnFridayafternoon.5.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Colleagues.B.Employerandemployee.C.Customerandmanager.第二节听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷相应位置。听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料,回答第6、7题。6.Whathasthemanbeendoingthisafternoon?A.Mendingthewashingmachine.B.Lookingforalaundryshop.C.Doingsomecleaning.7.Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Friends.B.Husbandandwife.C.Customerandclerk.听第7段材料,回答第8、9题。8.Whicharetoday’sspecials?A.Noodlesandpasta.B.Juicysteakandfriedchicken.C.Noodlesandfreshgardensalad.9.Howdoesthemanlikehissteakcooked?A.Rare.B.Medium.C.Welldone.听第8段材料,回答第10至12题。10.Howmuchwillthewomanpayamonthonaverageifshepaysyearly?A.$270.B.$285. C.$295.11.Howcanthewomanpaytherent?A.Bycreditcard.B.Bycheck.C.Bycash.12.Whatdayisittoday?A.Monday.B.Tuesday.C.Wednesday.听第9段材料,回答第13至16题。13.WheredidthewomanworkinFinland?A.Inalanguagecenter.B.Inarestaurant.C.Inahotel.14.WhydoesthewomancometoEngland?A.Todosomesightseeing.B.TostudyEnglish.C.Toenrichherexperience.15.Whatpositiondoesthemanoffer?A.OrdinaryWaiter.B.HeadWaiter.C.Manager.16.Howlongdoesthemanwantthewomantoworktoshowherability?A.Sometenminutes.B.Aroundhalfanhour.C.Aboutfortyminutes.听第10段材料,回答第17至20题。17.Wheredidthespeakercomefrom?A.Scotland.B.England.C.Switzerland.18.Whatwastheweatherlikeonthefirstdaywhenthespeakerarrived?A.Clearandwarm.B.Warmbutfoggy.C.Windybutcloudless.19.Howdidthespeakerfeelatthefirstsightofthegardens?A.Surprisedattheillmanagement.B.Amazedatthebeautyofthegardens.C.Shockedattheconvenienceofthepaths.20.Whatwastheseasonwhenthespeakercametothecity?A.Earlysummer.B.Earlywinter.C.Earlyspring.第二部分英语知识运用〔共两节,满分35分第一节单项填空<共15小题；每小题1分,满分15分21.Theideaofgreenpackaginghasreceivedwidesincethegovernmentannouncedspecificgoalstogreenthedeliveryindustry.A.currencyB.creativityC.cooperationD.criterion22.—Willyoutakeoveratthenextservicearea?Iwantashortrest.—Sure.Youforoverfourhoursbythen.A.havedrivenB.havebeendrivingC.willbedrivingD.willhavebeendriving23.Saveyourapologyforyoureallymakeeverythingamess.A.unlessB.onceC.whenD.though24.Bigdataisthedrivingforcebehindthiszone’sdevelopment,asteadystreamofnewbigdataconstructionprojectsconstantly.A.beingintroducedB.introducingC.havingintroducedD.tobeintroduced25.Theyear-endseasonisthebesttimenotjusttoreflectonyourpersonalachievementsbutalsotothelessonsyoumissed.A.liveuptoB.splitofffromC.pushaheadwithD.catchupon26.FengXiaogang’slatestfilmYouth,nowaboxofficehit,scheduledforreleaseonSept29,washeldbackfortwomonths.A.casuallyB.originallyC.temporarilyD.eventually27.Chinahasbeenworkingtothelegallandscapeforautonomousvehicles,whichareonahighwaytocommercialavailability.A.clarifyB.accelerateC.transmitD.preserve28.Severalmelonstallswerebelowthewindowandabovethemwithabigclockontopofit.A.wastheTelecomTowerB.weretheTelecomTowerC.theTelecomTowerwasD.theTelecomTowerwere29.Thestaffwerewhenthecompanyannouncedafatbonusforeveryone.A.intheredB.aswhiteasasheetC.tickledpinkD.intheblack30.DuringtheSinglesDayin2017,thesalesofChinesee-commercegiantssuchasAlibabaoutnumberedofBlackFridayandCyberMondayintheUS.A.thatB.thoseC.this D.it31.Imyluggageinalockeratthestation,savingthetroubleofdraggingitaroundwhenshopping.A.drainedB.depositedC.distributedD.delivered32.thefactthatyourpaymentmissesthedeadline,you’llhavetopayafineaccordingtothecontract.A.InpossessionofB.InspiteofC.IncaseofD.Inviewof33.Inwesterncountries,onlythecompletelyinnocentorthedeterminedlyblindcouldbelievethatanygovernmentactivityneartoelectiontimeelectoralimplications.A.hasn’thadB.didn’thaveC.doesn’thaveD.hadn’thad34.—Ihadmycomputerstoleninmyoffice,butluckilythepolicegotitbacktome.—Howunbelievable!Thethiefit.A.needhavesoldB.mighthavesoldC.shouldhavesoldD.musthavesold35.—MycolleagueisalwaystryingtopersuademetobuygoodsIdislikeatYunJiAPP.—Soundsterrible.Imean,.A.lifeisahorse,andeitheryourideitoritridesyouB.thecarwillfinditswayroundthehillwhenitgetsthereC.takecareofthepence,andthepoundswilltakecareofthemselvesD.youmaytakeahorsetothewater,butyoucannotmakehimdrink第二节完形填空<共20小题；每小题1分,满分20分Mymotherhasalwaysbeeninvolvedinearly-childhoodeducation.Sheoftensetthesceneforchildrento36thejoyofphysicalactivity,gettingthemexcitedand37tolearn.MumwassoproudofmeafterI38thetriathlonatthe2000Olympics,butbeforethedust39,shegrabbedme,saying:"Nowthisisyour40.Useit."Shewasn’tspeakingfromaneconomicpointofviewbuttalkingaboutthe41ofmybeingarolemodel,encouragingkidsto42theirdreams.SincetheOlympics,Ihave43morethan100schools.Italktothekidsabout"livingalifeless44,"aconceptpassedontomebymyparents—theideaof45beingaverage.Itellthemthatwhatyoubelieve,youwill46.AsIwasakid,mymothercametoevery47—nottopressuremebutto48me.Oneofmyfavoritesports-relatedmemorieswaswhenIwas49intheCanadianTriathlonChampionships.AsIranbyabigtruck,Isawmymother50ontopofoneofitshugewheels,cheeringforme.Ifinditsadwhenpeoplesaytheirparentshaveneverseenthem51.WhenIwasattheUniversity,Icompletedonlyonesemesterandthendecidedto52soIcouldraceprofessionallyfull-time.MumwasthefirstpersonIcalled.Itwasa53moment.Iwasn’tsurehowshewouldreact."Mum,Ihavethisopportunity,andIthinkI’mgoingtotakeit.Whatdoyouthink?"Shewasas54asever.Itturnedouttobeagood55.Supportingyourchildren,trustingtheirdecisions,givingwell-thought-outadvice—thosearedefinitelyimportantqualities.36.A.experienceB.evaluateC.expressD.expect37.A.afraidB.readyC.relaxedD.reluctant38.A.wonB.choseC.playedD.watched39.A.roseB.settledC.flewD.appeared40.A.luckB.tuneC.crossroadD.opportunity41.A.demandB.happinessC.courageD.importance42.A.displayB.followC.appreciateD.abandon43.A.servedB.attendedC.visitedD.started44.A.energeticB.colorfulC.miserableD.ordinary45.A.neverB.alwaysC.seldomD.usually46.A.neglectB.achieveC.suspectD.assume47.A.practiceB.schoolC.gameD.kindergarten48.A.supportB.rewardC.instructD.comfort49.A.surfingB.jumpingC.joggingD.running50.A.sittingB.speakingC.standingD.performing51.A.competeB.succeedC.separateD.compromise52.A.dropmB.dropoffC.dropoutD.dropback53.A.magicB.nervousC.criticalD.serious54.A.attractiveB.talkativeC.imaginativeD.supportive55.A.considerationB.intentionC.suggestionD.decision第三部分阅读理解<共15小题；每小题2分,满分30分请认真阅读下列短文,从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。TheChocolateMuseumThestoryofchocolatethroughtheages●Experiencechocolate-makingfromcocoabeantochocolatebar●Enjoythesmell,tasteandtextureoffreshlymadechocolateOpeninghoursTues—Fri10amto6pmSat&Sun+publicholidays11amto7amClosedonMondays,ChristmasDayandduringCarnivalweek.EntrancefeesAdults$6.00Concessions<over65yearsold>$3.00Groups<of15peopleormore>$5.00Morethanamuseum!ThePanoramaRestaurantcancaterforallyourcorporateevents:businesslunches,anniversaries,weddingsandparties.Groupsof30—300peoplearewelcome.WelcomeToAucklandMuseum"Naumaihaeremai"AucklandMuseumhasaconstantlychangingfeastoffresheventsandnewexhibitionsreflectingthecultureofNewZealand.Thisyearisnoexception.Clickheretofindoutmore>>LatestnewsBeinspiredbythedaVinciMachinesexhibitionanddesignandbuildyourownoriginalflyingmachine.ThebestentrywillwinthebuddinginventorahelicopterrideoverAucklandforafamilyoffour.Avoidthetraffic,enjoyhassle-freeparkingandviewtheexhibitsinWepeaceandquietonWednesdayevenings!Opentill7:30pm.From28Novemberuntil4MarchtherewillbenopublicaccesstotheReadingRoom.Clickheretofindoutmore>>Museumopeninghours10am—5mdaily<exceptChristmasDay>56.If16adults,including3aged70,plantovisittheChocolateMuseum,howmuchshouldtheypayatleast?A.$69.B.$78. C.$80.D.$87.57.AccordingtotheinformationofAucklandMuseum,weknowthat.A.itopensfrom10amto5pmeverydayB.ithasafeastoffresheventsexceptthisyearC.thewinnerwillflyahelicopterasarewardD.themuseumfocusesonNewZealand’scultureBIusedtothinkthewholepurposeoflifewaspursuinghappiness.Everyonesaidthepathtohappinesswassuccess,soIsearchedforthatidealjob,thatperfectboyfriend,thatbeautifulapartment.Butinsteadofeverfeelingfulfilled,Ifeltanxiousandadrift.Eventually,Idecidedtogotograduateschoolforpositivepsychologytolearnwhattrulymakespeoplehappy.Andwhat’sthedifferencebetweenbeinghappyandhavingmeaninginlife?Manypsychologistsdefinehappinessasastateofcomfortandease,feelinggoodinthemoment.Meaning,though,isdeeper.TherenownedpsychologistMartinSeligmansaysmeaningcomesfrombelongingtoandservingsomethingbeyondyourselfandfromdevelopingthebestwithinyou.Ourcultureisobsessed<痴迷于>withhappiness,butIcametoseethatseekingmeaningisthemorefulfillingpath.Therearefourpillars〔支柱ofameaningfullife.Thefirstpillarisbelonging.Belongingcomesfrombeinginrelationshipswhereyou’revaluedforwhoyouareintrinsicallyandwhereyouvalueothersaswell.Formanypeople,belongingisthemostessentialsourceofmeaning.Forothers,thekeytomeaningisthesecondpillar:purpose.Findingyourpurposeisnotthesamethingasfindingthatjobthatmakesyouhappy.Ahospitalcustodiantoldmeherpurposeishealingsickpeople.Manyparentstellme,"Mypurposeisraisingmychildren."Thekeytopurposeisusingyourstrengthstoserveothers.Withoutsomethingworthwhiletodo,peopleflounder.Thethirdpillarofmeaningisalsoaboutsteppingbeyondyourself,butinacompletelydifferentway:transcendence〔超然.Transcendentexperiencescanchangeyou.Transcendentstatesarethoseraremomentswhenyou’reliftedabovethehustleandbustleofdailylife,yoursenseofselffadesaway,andyoufeelconnectedtoahigherreality.Forme,I’mawriter,andithappensthroughwriting.SometimesIgetsointhezonethatIloseallsenseoftimeandplace.Thefourthpillarisstorytelling,thestoryyoutellyourselfaboutyourself.Creatinganarrativefromtheeventsofyourlifebringsclarity.Ithelpsyouunderstandhowyoubecameyou.Butwedon’talwaysrealizethatwe’retheauthorsofourstoriesandcanchangethewaywe’retellingthem.Yourlifeisn’tjustalistofevents.Youcanedit,interpretandretellyourstory,evenasyou’reconstrainedbythefacts.That’sthepowerofmeaning.Happinesscomesandgoes.Butwhenlifeisreallygoodandwhenthingsarereallybad,havingmeaninggivesyousomethingtoholdonto.58.Whatcanweinferfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Lifecanbefulfilledbylandingidealjob.B.Lifedilemmaiseasyforustogetoutof.C.Happinessisthecorevaluesinourculture.D.Happinessiswhatmostpeoplepursue.59.Fromthefourpillarsofameaningfullife,wecanknowthat_.A.nothingisasessentialasourceofmeaningasbelongingB.purposeisJessaboutwhatyouwantthanwhatyougiveC.transcendentfadeseasilyandrarelymakesuscheerfulD.thewayoftellingstoriesguaranteesameaningfullife60.Thepassageaimstotellusthat.A.meaningismoreimportantthanhappinessB.seekingmeaningdoesmoregoodthanbadC.chasinghappinesscanmakepeopleunhappyD.meaninghasdeeperpsychologicalsignificanceCIn2015apaperpublishedinasciencemagazinereportedonthepersonalitytypesofpeoplelivinginvariousLondondistricts.Extroverts<外向的人>,theresearcherswhowroteithaddiscovered,favoredRichmond.ThosewhoweremostopentoexperiencegatheredinHackney.PeopleinBarnetscoredlowerthanaverageonemotionalstability.Whatthisstudydidnotaddresswaswhethersomeone’shomerangereflectstheirpersonalitytraitsorimposesthem.Inotherwords,iswhatisgoingon"nature"or"nurture"<培育>?However,inapieceofresearchjustpublished,Dr.HoltmannofOtagoUniversity,inNewZealand,andhiscolleagueshavefilledthatgap—atleast,theyhavefilleditfordunnocks.ThedunnockisaEuropeanbird.Ithas,though.beenintroducedtoNewZealandanditspopulationhasboomedthere.Itisawell-studiedspecies.and,inparticular,somebeingmeasurablybolder<更大胆的>andmoretolerantofpotentialthreats,suchasnearbyhumanbeings,thanothers.Theteam’sresearchareawastheBotanicGardeninDunedin.Thisisopentothepublic,butsomeareasaremorefrequentedbyvisitorsthanothers.Dunnockshavesmallterritories,soitwaspossibletomeasuretheamountofhumandisturbanceinagiventerritorywithreasonableprecision.And,bywrappingeachofthedunnocksinthegardenwithcolour-codedbandsitwaspossibletoidentifyindividualsbysight.Altogether,theresearcherslookedat99ofthem.Theyworkedoutabird’slevelofthreattolerancebythesimplemethodofwalkingtowardsit,andthenmeasuringhowcloseonecouldgetbeforethebirdflewaway.Theydidthisseveraltimesforeachbirdeverybreedingseason,andrepeatedtheprocessoverthecourseofthreeseasons.Aparticularbird’sflightdistance<ie,howcloselyitcouldbeapproachedbeforeitdeparted>was,theyfound,consistentwithinabreedingseason.Fromseasontoseasonmostbirdsgotalittlebolder—probablyastheylearntmoreabouttheworldandwhattheycouldsafelygetawaywith.ButthisincreaseinboldnesswithagewassmallcomparedwiththedifferentstartingPointsofboldandshybirdswhentheyfirstarrivedinaterritory.Itdidnot,therefore,muchaffectthefactthat,onaverage,birds’flightdistanceswereinverselycorrelatedwiththelevelofhumandisturbanceintheirterritories.Thiswasaconsequenceofdisturbedterritoriesbeingsettledbyboldbirds,andundisturbedterritoriesbyshyones.Inthecaseofdunnocks,then,naturewinsovernurture.Dr.HoltmannwasabletoshowthatPersonalitiesmatchcircumstances,ratherthanbeingcreatedbythem.DunnockscanrecognizeWhichplacessuitthembest,andchoosetosettleinthemshortlyaftertheyarefullyfledged<羽翼丰满>.Mostlikely,thatishappeninginLondondistricts,too.61.Whatdoestheunderlinedwords"thatgap"inthesecondparagraphreferto?A.Whatthepaperpublishedin2015failedtohandle.B.WhyextrovertsfavourcertainareasinLondondistrict.C.HowDr.Holtmanninvolveddunnocksinhisstudy.D.Whattheformerandlatterstudyhaveincommon.62.FromParagraph3,wecanknowthatdunnocks.A.arenativetoNewZealandB.havedistinctpersonalitiesC.arebolderthanhumanbeingsD.canbeeasilyidentifiedbyitscolor63.WhatconclusiondidDr.Holtmanndrawfromhisstudy?A.It’snurtureratherthannaturethatmattersinthecaseofdunnocks’behaviour.B.Birds’flightdistanceswereinproportiontohumandisturbanceintheirterritories.C.Dunnockschoosetheirhabitatswiselyinthefirstplaceratherthanadapttothem.D.Boldbirdsandshybirdsalikesettleinundisturbedterritoriesinthebotanicgarden.64.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.Toarguethatcircumstancescultivatecertainpersonalities.B.Toentertainreaderswithsomefunnyfactsaboutdunnocks.C.Topresentthefindingofascientificresearchaboutdunnocks.D.Toconfirmtheassumptionthatpersonalitiesmatchcircumstances.DI’msittingathomeworking,mindingmybusiness,andthemobilerings.It’sDCLylefromWandsworthpolicestation.HesaysthatmynamewasgiventoCrimestoppersanonymouslyasapotentialwitnesstothe‘PutneyPusher’incident.RememberthatmadmanwhopushedawomanintothepathofabusonPutneyBridgewhileoutforhismorningjog?Well,sixmonthsonandtheystillhaven’tfoundhim—andDCLylewantstomeet.IsayIcouldn’tpossiblyhelpasIwasn’tawitness.DCLylesayshestillneedstomeet.Ireaffirmtherereallywasnopoint,Icouldbeofnovalue;Iwasn’tthere.DCLyleinsists,andindoingsomentionsthathehasmyemailaddress,andthathetriedtoseemeatmyofficeyesterday<Iwasn’tin>.What?Somebodygavethepolicemyofficeaddress,emailaddressandphonenumber.Who?Feelinginvadedandannoyed,ItellDCLylehecouldcomeat10a.m.thenextday.Iputthephonedown,andonlythenthepennydropped.Iwasasuspect.Imustknow.Whowasthepersonwhoputmynameforward?Theyobviouslyknowme,butnotwellenoughtocallmefirstandletmeknowtheyweregoingtoreportmetothepolice.Orperhapstheydoknowmewellandhaveitinforme.That’sforanotherday.Ifranticallysearchforthevideofootageoftheincidentonline.Theimagesaregrainy.Squint<眯眼看>theeyesandevenIcanseesomeresemblance.IlookatthePusher’sjogginggear.Notpremium,ImightbeOK.He’sgotfatcalves.Result.Minearesculpted<mybestfeature>.ThePusher’sgotobviousmoobs.Ohdear.Icarrysomepermanentholidayweight,Iadmitit.Allitwouldtakeisaboredjuryandahalf-decentprosecutionbarrister,andnoneofthiswouldbebeyondreasonabledoubt.Ineedevidenceprovingmyinnocence,soIfireuptheiCaltoseewhatmymovementswereon5May.Thereisnothinginthediary.Thisisnotgoingwell.AfterafitfulnightIwakeearly.9:45a.m.arrives.Thedoorbuzzergoes.It’sDCLyleandhissidekick.Ofcoursethey’reearly,sneakybastards.Lookrelaxed,Joel.Keepyourselftogether.DCLyleandDCSidekickshowmetheirbadges.IshowthemhowextremelyniceandfriendlyIam.Onceinstalledonmysofa<Ididn’toffertea>theyhitmewithit—Iamindeedasuspect."Someoneputyouforwardasthepersonthatdidthis,andwe’reheretoinvestigatewhetheryoudid.Wherewereyouonthemorningof5Maybetweenthehoursof7:30and8:00a.m.?"Ihavenothing.Ilivealone,workfromhomemostdays,nodiaryevents,nowitnessesastomywhereabouts.Sweats."Wait,"Isay."AlmosteverymorningoftheworkingweekIgotoPretAMangertohaveacoffeeatoraboutthetimeofincident."ButdidIthatday?EvenifIdid,whatifitwasadaywhentheygavemeacoffee‘onthehouse’astheyoftendid,mebeingaregular‘n’all.Theremightnotbecreditcardrecords.Moresweats.Igetthecomputer.AmericanExpresslogin.SearchforMay2017expensecalendar<消费明细>.Doubleclick.Getin:5May2017—PretAManger,El.95.I’mintheclear.DCLylepeersovermyshoulderatthescreen.He’ssatisfiedI’mnotthePutneyPusher.ThePretevidenceishelpful,buthealsosaysI’mtallerthantherealPusher.Skinnier,too.Itellhimthat’sbecauseI’vebeenjoggingalotrecently.65.WhydidDCLylecall"me"andinsistonameet?A.Policethought"I"wasthePutneyPusher.B.Thewomanchargedmewiththeincident.C.Someonereportedmetothepolicestation.D."I"accidentallyknewwhothesuspectwas.66.TheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2means.A.moneywaswastedonansweringthephonecallB.moneyshouldbepaidtogetridofmysuspicionC.somethingseriouswouldfollowfordaystocomeD.somethingpuzzlingwasn’tunderstooduntilthen67.Thesentence"Ihavetoclearmyname,andreclaimownershipofmyidentity."shouldbeplacedattheendof.A.Para.2B.Para.3 C.Para.4 D.Para.668.What"I"foundoftheincidentindicatesthat.A."I"wouldn’tbesuspectedwithoutputtingonholidayweightB."I"amexactlythemanwhothepolicehavebeenhuntingforC.itisreasonableforDCLyletoarrest"me"tofinishhisjobD.itisunfavorablefor"me"nottohaveahabitofwritingdiaries69.Whatcanwelearnfrom"my"meetingwithDCLyle?A.Beingextremelyfriendlymakesmemoresuspicious.B.Theexpensecalendarprovidesrelieftomysuspicion.C.DCLyledoesn’tassumeIamthePusherinadvance.D.Recentjoggingisakeytomytallandskinnyfeature.70.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AfalsealarmB.ThePusheratlargeC.MyidentitycrisisD.Carelesspolicemen第四部分任务型阅读〔共10小题；每小题1分,满分10分请认真阅读下列短文,并根据所读内容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一个最恰当的单词。Ownershipusedtobeaboutasstraightforwardaswritingacheque.Ifyouboughtsomething,youownedit.Ifyoubrokeit,youfixedit.Ifyounolongerwantedit,yousolditorthrewitaway.Somefirmsfoundwaysofsqueezingoutmoreprofitintheafter-saleservices,usingauthorizedrepairshops,andstrategiessuchassellingcheapprintersandexpensiveink,which,however,didnotchallengethenatureofownership.Inthedigitalageownershiphasbecomemoreambiguous.Sincethearrivalofsmartphones,consumersareforcedtoacceptthattheydonotcontrolthesoftwareintheirdevices;theyareonlylicensedtouseit.Butasmoredigitaldevicesarespringingup,whoownsandwhocontrolswhichobjectsisbecomingaproblem.Buyersshouldbeawarethatsomeoftheirmostbasicpropertyrightsareunderthreat.Needlesstosay,manufacturersseekingtorestrictwhatownersdowithincreasinglycomplextechnologyhavegoodreasonstoprotecttheircopyright,ensurethattheirmachinesdonotmalfunction<发生故障>,maintainenvironmentalstandardsandpreventhacking.Sometimescompaniesusetheircontroloveraproduct’ssoftwarefortheowners’benefit.WhenHurricaneIrmahitFloridathismonth,Tesla,astart-upforelectricvehicles,remotelyupgradedthesoftwarecontrollingthebatteriesofsomemodelstogiveownersmorerangetoescapethestorm.Themoredigitalstrings<数字串>areattachedtogoods,themorethebalanceofcontroltowardsproducersandawayfromowners.Alreadythishasgivenrisetocontroversy<争议>overowners’propertyrights.Itemsfromsmartphonestowashingmachineshavebecomeincreasinglyhardtofix,meaningthattheyarethrownawayinsteadofbeingrepaired.Privacyisalsoatrisk.UserswerealarmedwhenitcameoutthatiRobot,aroboticvacuumcleaner,notonlycleansthefloorbutcreatesadigitalmapOfthehome’sinteriorthatcanthenbesoldonadvertisersthoughthemanufacturersaysithasnointentionofdoingso.Suchissuesshouldremindpeoplehowdesperatelytheyoughttoprotecttheirpropertyrights.InAmericathisideahasalreadytakenrootinthe"righttorepair"movement.InFranceappliance-makersmusttellbuyershowlongadeviceislikelytolast—asignofhowrepairableitis.Regulatorsshouldencouragecompetitionby,forinstance,insistingthatindependentrepairshopshavethesameaccesstoproductinformation,sparepartsandrepairtoolsasmanufacturer-ownedones.Ownershipisnotabouttogoaway,butitsmeaningischanging.Devices,byandlarge,aresoldonthebasisthattheyempower<授权>peopletodowhattheywant.Totheextenttheyarecontrolledbysomebodyelse,thatfreedomiscompromised.FightingBackControlofOwnershipFightingBackControlofOwnershipOwnershipovertimeThoughprofitusedtobesqueezedoutthrough