大学英语外报外刊阅读教参

大学英语外报外刊阅读教程教学参考手册第一版端木义万主编Lesson1AnswerstotheQuestions1.B2.B3.D4.AAccordingtoMs.Wellington,GenX,ersareattractedtotheirorganizationsforutterlytraditionalreasons:reputationoftheorganization,opportunitiestoadvance.Catalystandotherresearchorganizationscautionthatthisagegrouphashighdemandsforemployers.Iftheirdemandsarenotmet,theywillleave.Andtheyarehighlysensitivetothewayinwhichtheyaretreated.IftheGenX,erbelievesthathisemployerisnotmakingacommitmenttohim,hewillleave.Thesurveyfoundthatmorethan70percentofthemratedcompanionship,alovingfamilyandenjoyinglifeasextremelyimportant.Incontrast,fewerthan20percentofthemsaidearningalotofmoneyandbecominganinfluentialleaderwereextremelyimportantgoals.AccordingtoRobertMorgan,thecorporateloyaltyisrisinginthecurrenteconomicclimatepartlybecauseofjobinsecurities.Besides,thereisthewarfortalent.Aslaborshortagesintensifiedinrecentyears,employershaveworkedhardatretaininggoodworkers.Outline（1）SummaryleadIncreasingjobloyaltyofGenX,ers（2一6）Catalyst,ssurveyaboutjobloyaltyofGenX,ersGeneralsituationofthejobloyaltyFindingsaboutthesimilaritiesbetweenGenX,ersandthepreviousgenerationsOld-fashionedgoalsTraditionalattractionsFindingsaboutthedifferencesbetweenGenX,ersandthepreviousgenerationsHighdemandsforemployersHighsensitivenesstothewaytheyaretreated（7一8）SpecificexampleofColleenGalleReasonsforstaying:jobsatisfactionjobloyalty（9一11）MoredetailsofthesurveyScope,objectsandfocusofthesurveyFindingsaboutthefactorsinjobloyalty:Companionship,lovingfamily,enjoyinglifeStatisticsshowingjobloyalty（12一15）AnalysisofjobloyaltyNotsurprisinginthecurrenteconomicclimateComparisonbetween1999and2001injobloyaltyReasonsfortheincreaseofjobloyaltyPresentjobinsecurityEmployers,effortsatretainingthetalentedLesson2AnswerstotheQuestions1.A 2.A 3.B4.DThepurposeofthedebatebetweenMateoandMartinezistofocusonthespecificneedsofLatinosthatbothpartiesarecourting.TheproblemspointedoutbyMartinezarebadeducation,unemploymentandlackofhealthinsurance.TheauthorsaysLatinoturnoutandpreferencewillbedecisiveintheelectionbecausetheyarethemajorityminorityandmoreofLatinosthaneverbeforeareexpectedtogotothepolls,andalargenumberofthosepeoplearenottiedtoeitherpoliticalparty.Accordingtothearticle,acandidatewhofigureouthowtotalktoLatinosabouteducationandhealthcareinacompellingwaycanlockupLatinos'vote.Theterm“Hispanic”cameintoofficialusein1973,whentheNixonadministrationformallydividedAmericansintofiveraces.Liberalsprefertheterm“Latino”onthegroundsthattheSpaniardsweretheverypeoplewhodestroyedtheindigenousculturesofLatinAmericans）Theauthorthinksthattheterm“Hispanic”isamarketingtermandit'satermusedbypoliticiansatelectiontime.Theauthorthinksthattheterm“Hispanic”isamarketingtermandit'satermusedbypoliticiansatelectiontime.Itcannotreflectculturalrealities.Outline（1一2）DebatebetweenMateoandMartinezMainissuesforthedebateandthepurposeofthedebateAudience'sresponse:louderopponents'voices（3一5）Latinos'importanceinelectionDecisiveroleofLatinovoterturnoutandpreferenceReasonfortheimportanceofLatinovote:Latinos'ascenttothemajorityminorityin2003FactorslimitingLatinos'votingstrengthManyofthemarenotyetUScitizens.OnethirdofLatinosareunder18.（6一8）Latinos'primeconcernsImportanceofeducationandhealthcaretoLatinosReasonsfortheimportanceofthoseissuesU.S.一bornLatinosformthemajority.It'smorelikelyforLatinostolackhealthcareandeducation.（9-10）Discussionabouttheterm“Hispanic”TheoriginofthetermandtheproblemswiththetermRichdiversityofLatinos（11）IncreasedvisibilityofLatinosLesson3AnswerstotheQuestions1.C 2.D 3.C 4.AWWIIledtowomen’sentryintotheworkforce.Asmenmarchedofftofight,womentooktheirhusbands,placesinfactoriesandonthefarms.Theyneverlookedback.Mostnowtakeitforgrantedthatwomenhaveasmuchtoofferatworkasmendo.No,itismorethanafinancialissuebecauseitraisessocialaswellaseconomicquestionsanditsresolutionwillinvolvegovernments,employersandpeople.Thebabyboomgenerationisfarlargerthanthegenerationthatfollowsitoranythatprecededit.Itsachievementwillcastashadowoverthecompaniesitissettoleave.Thepresentwaysofdealingwithafallingsupplyoflaborareshiftingworkoffshore,laxerimmigrationrulesanduseofnewequipment.Iftheywereofferedthechanceofstayingonatwork,manyolderemployeeswouldjumpatthechancebecausetheywillnolongerbeabletoretireinthestyletheyhavebeenledtoexpect.Corporatepensionschemesandhealthbenefitsarebecomingevenlessgenerous.Besidestheneedformoney,manyelderlypeoplewanttocontinueworkingformentalstimulation.TheauthorthinksthatolderworkersneedtoadaptandacceptarelativedeclineinsalaryandstatusThesignificanceofbabyboomers,changingtheworldofworkwillbemoreprofoundandlongerlastingthanthechangestheyhavebroughtsincethe1960s.Outline（1一2）SocialchangesinwesterncountriesafterWWII.Women,sentryintotheworkforce.Retirementpensionsfortheelderly（3一4）ProblemscausedbythepresentretirementpensionsHeavyburdenoffinancingretirementpensionsforbabyboomersCompanies,shortageofskilledworkers（5一7）NeedtokeeptheelderlyatworkPresentwaysofdealingwithafallingsupplyoflabourElderlypeople,sdesireforworkElderlypeople,sneedformoneyElderlypeople'sdesireformentalstimulation（8一10）SuggestionstogovernmentsandcompaniesabouthowtokeeptheelderlypeopleatworkSeparationofpensionfromtheirfinalsalariesFreeinguplabormarketsinsteadoffocusingonlegislatingtobandiscriminationongroundsofageOfferingflexibleworkschedule（11）SuggestiontotheelderlyworkersNeedtoadapttoarelativedeclineinsalaryandstatus（12）Significanceofbabyboomers,changingtheworldofworkLesson4AnswerstotheQuestions1.D 2.A 3.D 4.BAccordingtothenewgovernmentfigures,Britishfemalefulltimeworkerswillbepaid£369,000lessthantheircounterpartsovertheirlifetime.Thatlifetimedisparitywouldbeenoughtopayfor31yearsofchildcareor22newcars,ortopayofftheaveragestudentdebt18timesover.Britain,sgenderpaygapof2008waslargerthanthatof2007.Menwerepaid17.1%morethanwomenforfull-timeworkwhilethedisparityinpart-timewageswas36.6%,upfrom35.8%in2007.TheFawcettSocietyhascalledonthegovernmenttoincludemandatorypayauditingintheequalitiesbill,scheduledtobeintroducedinnextmonth'sQueen,sspeech.Accordingtothearticle,SriLankaisjudgedthefifthmostequalintheworldonpoliticalempowermentbecauseofthelongincumbenciesasprmeministerandpresidentofSirimavoBandaranaikaandChandrikaKumaratunga.AccordingtoYvonneGalligan,youngerparliaments,ingeneral,wereoftenmuchmorerepresentative.Dr.SelviThriuchandranfeltpuzzledbytheWEFfindings,pointingoutthatasidefromtheBandaranaikes,SriLankahadtheworstrecordinSouthAsiaintermsofrepresentationinthelegislatureandexecutive.Outline（1一4）ONS'sfindingaboutgenderpaygapinBritainLifetimepaygapforfemalefull-timeworkersGenderpaygap'swideningin2008ConcretevalueofthelifetimedisparityRake'scommentonthepaygap'swidening（5一7）WEF'sfindingaboutUKwomen'sstatus.UK'sdropfrom11thto13thintermsofeconomic,political,healthandeducationalstatus.UK'srankingintermsofprogressonequalpay.Sectorswithwidegenderpaygaps（8一9）EffortsmadetoaddresstheproblemFawcettSociety'scallfortheinclusionofmandatorypayauditingintheequalitybillHarrietHarman'sannouncementofarequirementtopublishgenderpaygaps（10一12）Analysisofwomen'spoliticalempowermentAnalysisofSriLanka'shighrankingonpoliticalempowermentYvonneGalligaifsanalysisofUKwomen'spoliticalempowermentLowpercentageintheHouseofCommonsHealthiergenderbalanceintheScottishparliamentandtheWelshassemblyWomen'shigherrepresentationinyoungerparliaments（13一14）Dr.SelviThriuchanara'sviewonwomen'sstatusinSriLankaDisputingWEF’sconclusionProblemsfacedbywomeninSriLankaLesson5AnswerstotheQuestions1.A 2.B3.D 4.BThefirstpowershiftisarebalancingofmoralauthority.Themajorfactorintheshiftistherecedingmoralsuperiorityofthewest.ThedoublestandardinParagraph3referstotheUSdifferentrulesforthetwofinancialcrises.DuringtheAsianfinancialcrisis,theUSbashedHongKongwhenitsgovernmentintervenedinAugust1998inthestockmarkettofendoffthewesterninvestmentbanksandhedgefundsbentondestroyingthecity’scurrency.Yetonlyamonthlater,theUSintervenedinthemarkettobailoutLTCM.TheauthorthinksthattheminoradjustmentinvotingrightsintheWorldBankandInternationalMonetaryFundissymbolicoftheincreaseoftheeast,ssayindecisionmakinginglobaleconomicaffairs.Reminbihasgainedanelevationinstatus.Overtime,somecountrieswillkeepmoreReminbi,makingitmorelikereservecurrency.Therecentcrisisshowsthatblindlyseekinggrowthisdangerous.Tomanywealthycountries,itisunrealistic.Thefivepowershiftsareforthemostpartdesirable.Theyprovideamorebalancedandstableworld.Outline.(1)Appearanceofglobalrebalancing.(2一6)RebalancingofmoralauthorityDoublestandardmaintainedbytheWesttofinancialcrisisManyconflictsofinterestinherentintheWesfsinvestmentbankingTheWest,smoraldilemmaindealingwithChinaEqualfootingofthetwosides(7一8)TheWest,slossofdominationinglobaleconomicaffairsIncreaseoftheEast,ssayinglobaleconomicaffairsApproachofrelativebalancebetweentheEastandtheWest(9)ShiftinthecenterofeconomicgravityfromtheAtlantictothePacificEarlierriseofJapanChina,sgrowthmomentumandincreasedeconomicpower(10)DeclineoftheUSdollar'sstatus(11)Mostdevelopedeconomies,switchtotheattempttomaintainpresentgrowth(12)EffectsofthefivepowershiftsLesson6AnswerstotheQuestions1.D2.C 3A4.ATheletterswhichmillionsofAmericansgotwerequarterlyreportstellingthemwhathadhappenedtotheirsavingsinvestedinthestockmarket.Theyhavebeenmoreeffectivethananycampaignad.AccoringtotheWisconsinAdvertisingProject,73%ofMcCain’sadsand61%ofObama’sadsarenegative.Hethinksthatnegativecampaignadsaremoreinformativethanpositiveones.Obama,sadsattackMcCainforthemanywaysheplanstomakelifewretchedfornearlyeveryone.McCain,sattacksonObamafocusonhisslenderresume,hisdodgyassociatesandthepossibilitythathewillraisetaxes.SomeDemocratscomplainthatMcCain'sattacksarestokingupviolentracialhatredagainstObama.Theauthorthinksthattheyareunfounded.Outline(1)EffectsoffactualadsHelpingObamadoublehisleadoverMcCain(2一4)Bothsides'useofnegativecampaignadsAttackads'percentageandJohnGeer'sviewontheirfunctionObama'sadattacksonMcCainMcCain'sadattacksonObama(5)Expenditureonattackadsandwaysofrunningthoseads(6一7)Effectsofnegativecampaignads.Worryandcomplaintsaboutadattacks'possibleeffectoffanningupviolence.Author'sview:unfoundedpredictionsLesson7AnswerstotheQuestions1.D2.B3.A4.DTheConservativePartyandtheLiberal-DemocraticPartyhaveformedtheBritishcoalitiongovernment.CleggdecidedthathecouldnotformacoalitionwiththeLabourPartyduetoarevoltinsidetheparliamentaryLabourPartyattheconceptofadeal,aswellasitslikelyterms.Ifthedealworks,itwillchangetheshapeoftheConservativeParty.TheLibDemssecured5cabinetpostsandacommitmentto15otherministerialjobsacrossWhitehall.OntheConservativeside,GeorgeOsbornewillthechancelloroftheexchequerandWilliamHagueforeignsecretary.Theseriousproblemsconfrontingthecoalitiongovernmentareahugedeficit,deepsocialproblemsandapoliticalsysteminneedofreform.Inthenegotiations,theToriesagreedtodroptheirplanstoraisethethresholdforinheritancetaxandprovideextramoneyfordisadvantagedpupils.WhentheLibDem-Condealwassecured,GeorgeBrownwenttotheQueentotenderhisresignation.Later,hetoldpartyworkershewasresigningimmediatelyaspartyleader,leavingHarrietHarmanincharge.Outline(1-4)FormationoftheConservativeParty-theLiberalDemocraticPartycoalitionCoalitionwithCameronasPrimeMinisterandCleggashisdeputyLabourParty,sfailuretoforgeacoalitionwithLibDemsEndoffive-daypowerstruggleCameron,sresolve(5-7)ThedealanditsimpactThedealmakingThedealimpactonthetwopartiesPowerdivisionbetweenthetwoparties(8-10)Thenewgovernment,sresolveAdmissionofsomedeepandpressingproblemsCallonthepeopleforsupportPromisetoformanewkindofgovernment(11-13)NegotiationsandresultsAgreementsandcompromisesreachedinthenegotiations.2.LibDems,endorsementofthederailedconditiondeal(14-16)Brown,sresignationandapologyTenderingtheresignationtotheQueenStatementabouthisresignationaspartyleaderApologyforhisfailuretoforgeacoalition(17-18)RecriminationsbytheLibDemsandtheLabouroneachotherLibDems,attackontheLabourLordAdonis,sattackontheLibDemsLesson8AnswerstotheQuestions1.A2.D3.D4.AAmerica'sstandinginworldopinionisatanall-timelow.EvenitsclosestalliesopposeU.S.policies.Itsunpopularityisdangerousandexpensive.Itleadstohighmilitarycostsabroad,skyrocketingsecuritycostsathome,andthelossoftradeasAmerica,sgoodsbecomeshunnedoverseas.Allthiscausesaneconomicdrain.IfAmericanstravelledmore,they,dbetterunderstandtheirplaceonthiscomplexplanetandfitinmorecomfortably,andeventuallytheU.S.wouldn,tneedtospendasmuchastherestoftheworldcombinedonitsmilitarytofeelsafe.TravelhelpsAmericanscelebrate,ratherthanfear,diversityofculture.TravelgivesAmericansaperspectivethatcantranslate,throughthevotingbooth,intoAmericanpoliciesthatwillnotalienatethemfromthefamilyofnations.Andwhenthathappens,Americans,safetywillbeimproved.OutlineI(1-2)NeedforAmericanstogainabetterunderstandingoftheworldbytravellingII(3-5)America,sunpopularityanditsharmfuleffectsAmerica'slowstandinginworldopinionBeingroutinelyoutvotedattheU.N.onavarietyofissuesIII(6-18)BenefitsofthoughtfultravelGainingabetterunderstandingofAmerica,splaceonthecomplexplanetGettingaclearideaabouthowtheworldseesAmericaGainingabetterunderstandingaboutothersocietiesGettingafirsthandlookatthecomplexityandstrugglesofothersocietiesHelpingAmericanscelebratediversityofcultureHelpingAmericansappreciatethechallengesothersocietiesfaceCombatingethnocentrismHelpingtoensuresoundpoliciesLesson9AnswerstotheQuestions1.C2.D3.B4.B.Itisanon-profitgroupthatpromotestheimportanceoffamilyandfatherhood.ItisbasedinNewYork..Thesexualrevolutionofthe1960sand'70ssweptawayaconceptofdatinginwhichtherewasanimplicitunderstandingthateachpartywasshoppingforamateandnotjustforsex.3.Ifwomenarenothookingup,theyfrequentlyfallintofast-moving,"joined-at-the-hip"relationshipswithmen,spendingnightsinoneanother'srooms.4.Intheauthorsopinion,therulesofcourtshipinthe1950swereclearerthanthoseofthepresent.Buttheyprovedunfulfillingeither,becauseatthattimethosewhowerecourtinggottoknoweachotherunderartificialcircumstances.Theywerewelldressedandputtheirbestfootforward.Thiswasnotthebestwaytogettoknowpeople.Outline⑴NewsleadSummaryofthesurvey,sreport（2—3）ThedatingsceneoncollegecampusesTwochoicesforwomenWomen,sdesireforlong-termrelationshipandmarriage（4）ThesurveyTheagencydoingtheinvestigation;aim,objectsandmeansofthesurvey（5一7）ReasonsfortheappearanceofthedatingsceneThesexualrevolutionWomen,slowerproportionLackofclearrules（8一10）MainformsofsexualrelationshipHook-upFormsofhookup:kissing,oralsexandintercourseIntense,butvaguerelationshipWomen,stendencytoactlikemen（11一12）ImpactofthedatingsceneonmarriageLesslikelytomarryorfindhappinessinmarriageMorelikelytomarrylater（13一14）ThepastdatingsceneRulesofcourtship:ClearerinthepastArtificialcircumstancesVIII.（15）Theproblemwithbothdatingscenes:nottherightwaytoknowmenLesson10AnswerstotheQuestions1.C 2.B3.C4.CTheAmericantraditionalfamilyisafamilymadeupoftwobiologicalparentsandtwoorthreechildrenwiththefatherastheonlybreadwinner.No.Thetraditionalfamilyhaslostitspredominantplace.Todayonlyabout20percentofAmericanfamiliesfitthetraditionalstructure.ThenewAmericanfamilyisahouseholdwithfewerchildren,withbothparentsworking,andwithmothersgivingbirthtotheirchildrenataneverolderage,havingfewerchildren,andspacingthemfurtherapart.Thestablefamilyoftwobiologicalparentsistheidealvesselformoldingcharacter,fornurturing,forinculcatingvalues,andforplanningforachild,sfuture.TheresultofAmerica'sfamilychangesisaseriousnewdivideintheAmericansocietybetweenthechildrenofpoorer,lesseducated,singleparentsandthoseofricher,bettereducated,andmarriedparents.Mother-onlyfamiliesproduceharmfuleffectsonchildren.Theyaremorelikelythanthosewithtwoparentstosufferpoverty,tobesuspendedfromschool,tohaveemotionalproblems,tobecomedelinquent,tosufferfromabuse,totakedrugs,andtoperformpoorlyonvirtuallyeverymeasure.Today,81percentofAmericanwomenthinksheshouldhaveherowncareer,and70percentthinkthatbothhusbandandwifeshouldearnmoney.Thevastmajorityofworkingmotherssaythatevenifthefamilydidnotneedtheincome,theywouldcontinueworking.TheauthorthinksthatAmerica,sSocialSecurityandwelfareshouldbereformedsoastonourishmarriageandraisetheproportionofchildrenwhogrowupintwo-parentfamilies.Outline(1)Traditionalfamily,slossofitspredominance(2)Reasonsfortraditionalfamily,slossofitspredominanceLatemarriageIncreaseddivorceratesCohabitationBirthstounmarriedmothers(3-5)EffectsoffamilychangesImportanceoffamilystabilityforchildrenResultoffamilychangesHarmfuleffectsofsingle-parentfamiliesonchildren(6)Women，schangedconceptsonfamilyroles(7-8)WaystonourishmarriageReformingSocialSecurityandwelfareEducatingpeopleabouttheimportanceofmarriageGivingincentivesforcouplestoformandsustainhealthymarriage(9)FamilytrendandthewaytodealwiththetrendShiftfromtraditionaltocontemporaryfamilyTemperingthetrendbynurturingtheAmericanfamilywithpublicpolicyinfavorofmarriageLesson11AnswerstotheQuestions1.B2.D3.A4.CKaiserPermanenteBellflowerMedicalCenterhadorganizeda52-membermedicalteamfordeliveringthebabieswitheachofthemdesignatedandassignedtonurses,doctorsandsurgicalassistants.At10:43a.m.onJanuary26,theywereallready.Beforethemultiplebirth,NadyaSulemanwasarecently-divorcedsinglemotherwhoalreadyhadsixchildrenranginginagefrom2to7,twoofthem2-year-oldtwinsandoneofthemautistic.Thenewsreportstokedthefurorcreatedbythedeliveryoftheoctuplets.NadyaSulemanusedthelastofherremainingembryosandgotimpregnatedthroughin-vitrofertilization.NadyaSuleman,smotherseesitlessglowingly.Shebelievesthatherdaughterisobsessedandmisguidedforshealreadyhadsixbeautifulchildren.Afterbeingreleasedfromthehospital,NadyaSulemanwillbefacedwithproblemsofchildsupportandchildcare.Outline(1)DeilveryofNadyaSuleman,seightbabiesatKaiserKaiser,spreparationforthedeliveryDeliveryofsevenbabiesDeliveryoftheeighthbabyPresentconditionofNadyaSulemanandhereightbabies(2)ControversyoverNadyaSuleman,smultiplebirthNadyaSuleman,swayofimpregnationHermother'sviewSociety,sresponsesHerneighboursviews(3)NadyaSuleman,sobsessionwithhavingkidsAngelaSuleman,sexplanationofherdaughtersobsessionYolandaNovak,sexplanationofNadya,sobsessionMoreinformationaboutNadya,swayofimpregnation(4)IssueofNadyaSuleman,simpregnationFertilitydoctorsstandNodetailabouttheimpregnationKaiser,sadvicetoNadyaSuleman(5-6)ProblemsfacingNadyaSulemanFinancialsupportproblemChildcareproblemLesson12AnswerstotheQuestions1.C 2.D3.A4.BTheauthorsuggeststhatthehusbandandthewifeshouldoffereachothermorepositivestatements,lessnegativestatements,heart-feltandspecificcomplimentsandthank-yous.Humantouchaidsthereleaseoffeel-goodendorphinsforgiverandreceiver.Tobuildafortressoflove,heorsheshouldfullysupporthisorherspouse,takehisorherspouse,ssidewheneverpossibleiftroublearisesinthe“outsideworld”.Tryingtoimprovethespouseputshim/heronthedefensiveandcastyouinadrearyrole.Theresultisthateveryoneisunhappy.Whenamarriageneedsimprovement,thetruesolutionisthatyoushouldchangeyourselffirst,addressyourownflawsandseekthebestinyourspouse.Goodfeelingscanimprovemarriage.Thehappieryoufeel,thehappieryourmarriagewillbeandtheeasieritwillbetomanageconflicts.Whenconflictishandledwiththerighttoolsandattitude,itbecomesagatewaytodeeperintimacy-thechancetobeseenandlivedforwhoyoutrulyare,toacceptyourmate,sadorable,vulnerablerealselfandbuildastrongunionwithoutcavinginorsilentlyseething.Acoupleshouldavoidtoughtalkswhenthey,renotrestedwell,wellfedandwhendrunk.Outline(1-2)Introductiontothe7secretsofsexymarriage(3-5)BuilduplovebalanceFunctionoflovebalanceWaytobuilduplovebalance(6-7)ReachoutFunctionofhumantouchandthewaytoimproveitFunctionoffortressofloveandthewaytobuildthefortress(8-10)Rememberthatnobody,sperfectDesiretoblameyourspouseandchangehim/herHarmfuleffectsoftryingtochangeyourspouseNeedtochangeyourself(11)AddsomezingFunctionofattractionWaytoenhanceattraction(12-14)AlwaysfightfairlyFunctionofconflictsolutionRightwaytohandleconflicts(15-17)PicktherighttimeandplaceTherighttimefortoughtalksTherightplacefortoughtalks(18)OpenyourearsImportanceoflisteningmoreRightwaytorespondtoacombativetalkLesson13AnswerstotheQuestions1.B2.A3.D4.BSamZellblamed“aperfectstorm”offactorsbehindtheTribuneCompany,sbankruptcyfiling.NewspaperAssociationofAmericafiguresshowthatadvertisingrevenueshavebeenfallingsincethesummerof2006.Itwastheaccelerationofadvertisingrevenues,fall,coupledwiththesheeramountofdebtMrZelltookontobuyTribune,whichledtheLosAngelesTimesandChicagoTribunetothebankruptcycourts.Moody,slastMonthpredicted“direstraits”forsomepublishersin2009.Publishers,optionsareshrinkingbecauseprospectivebuyersstruggletofindacquisitions.ThefactthattheNewYorkTimeswrokedownthevalueofitsnewspapersshowedthatassetsalesmayyieldlessthanoncehoped.AccordingtoPaperCuts,morethan15,000U.Snewspaperpositionshavebeencut.Moodyexpectsmostpublishersthatdefaulttobeabletorestructuretheirdebt,ratherthanclosetitles.Outline(1-4)Newspaperindustry,sdecline..TribuneCompany,sbankruptcyfiling.Causesofnewspaperindustry,sdeclineDebatesaboutthecausesDavidHamburger'sview(5-7)WorseningsituationthisyearAccelerationofthedeteriorationduringthefourquartersBankruptcyoftheLosAngelesTimesandChicagoTribune(8-10)ImpactofthefinancialcrisisTakingatollonnewspapergroupsMoody,spredictionofdirestraitsforsomepublishersin2009Advertisingrevenue%,sharpdropresultingformthecrisis(11-15)Publishers7effortstocopewiththesituationSellingnewspaperstoraisecashShrinkingoptionsforpublishersSharpdeclineofnewspaperassetsinvalueReducingstaffsize(16-17)Newspaperindustry%prospectsMostpublishers,abilitytorestructuretheirdebtratherthanclosetitlesStaffreduction%lastingdamagingeffectsonnewspaperbrandsLesson14AnswerstotheQuestions1.D2.B3.C4.ABecausetheywanttoimprovetheirpublicimage.Theybelievethatreputationsandjobscanbelostbasedonthesmallestslipinrank.Becausetheyintendedtomaketheircollegesmoreselective.Theythoughttopapplicantsmightoptformoreprestigiousinstitutions,loweringtheschoolscrucial“yield”andmakingitappearlessdesirable.Ifaccepted,enrolleestendtoboostaschoolsyieldanditsstatisticalcachet.Buttheprocessdeniesstudentsthebroaderchoicethatcomeswithapplyingtomorethanonecollegeandtiesthemtoaschoolregardlessofitsfinancialaidoffer.Theauthorbelievestherankingshavebecomeanunhealthyforceinhighereducation,becausethetimeandmoneycollegesspendgamingthemagazine,srankingsareresourceslostonimprovingeducationandservingtheirrealconsumers,thestudents.OutlineI.Problemofcollegeofficials,onlyconcernforpollrankinganditsbadeffects(1—3)Theissueofcollegeofficials7effortstopushuptherankingBadeffectsOverlookingeducationimprovementSacrificingstudentstothecollege,svanityColleges,waystopolishimage(4—7)WaystohikethepercentageofalumnfsgivingCornell,sremovalofsomestudentsfromthelistAlumnus'makingamajorgiftinthenamesofhisentireclassTricksforimprovingselectivityrankingSolicitingmoreapplicantsfromlessqualifiedstudentsWaitlistingmanytopapplicantswhileacceptingstudentswithlesscredentialsDeviceforexaggeratingSATaveragescoresDe-emphasizingtheSATscoreWaytoboostaschool'syieldanditsstatisticalcachetEarlydecisionprogramsStudents7viewonthemagazinerankingsFewerthan10%offreshmanratetherankingimportantIV.Colleges7explanationfortheirattemptsManyinsistthatthemotiveiseducationalqualityV.Author%view:ItisawasteoftimeandmoneytodosoLesson15AnswerstotheQuestions1.C2.D3.C4.DThecasualsupremacyofU