外研版选修八module1重点知识与练习

I.单词荟萃exploreradj.探险者fexplorevt.探险；勘探fn.（对某地区的）勘探adj.荒凉的，不适宜居住的fhospitableadj.好客的fhospitalityn.殷勤好客commercialadj.商业的fn.商业；贸易promotev.促进，增进fn.提升；晋升；促进adj.正式的，仪式性的fceremonyn.仪式典礼；礼节；礼仪n.缺乏；没有fabsentadj.缺席的；不在的；缺乏的tiresomeadj.烦人的；令人讨厌的；令人厌倦的f―adj.疲劳的；累的；厌倦的；厌烦的ftiringadj.引起疲劳的;累人的depressingadj.令人沮丧的；令人抑郁的fdepressv.使抑郁；使沮丧；使消沉fadj.沮丧的；消沉的discouragev.阻止；打消 的念头fv.鼓舞；鼓励fcouragen.勇气adj.常规的；普通的fconventionn.常规，习俗n.鼓舞；启示finspirev.鼓舞；激励finspiringadj.鼓舞人心的adapttostandoutsetfootoncomeintosightbetrappedbreakupsetupcampcomeupwithtakeariskkeepone'sspiritsupkeepone'spromiseinparticularincaseofadapttostandoutsetfootoncomeintosightbetrappedbreakupsetupcampcomeupwithtakeariskkeepone'sspiritsupkeepone'spromiseinparticularincaseof.适应.突出；显眼.进入；到达.进入视野.陷入，被困在.（使）破裂，分解.扎营.想出（主意等）.冒险.精神抖擞，保持高昂的情绪.遵守诺言.尤其，特别.万一m.佳句再现YetAntarcticaisfullofwildlife,whichitsextremeconditions.但是南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。Antarcticawasthelastcontinent.南极洲是最后一个被发现的大陆。We'reradioandelectroniccommunications.除了有无线电和电子通信，我们完全是与世隔绝的。Medicalassistanceisavailable.万一有紧急情况你可以获得医疗救助。Notuntilthelate18thcenturyJamesCookcrosstheAntarcticCircle,butheneversawland.直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯•库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。W.单元语法Reviewofsubjects；Reviewofverbsstaten.州，国家，政府；状态，状况；情况，情形vt.(toexpresssth.inspokenorwrittenwords,espcarefully,fullyandclearly)陈述或说明(某事)(尤指仔细、详尽而明确地)inastateof^/ina…state 处于 状况apoorstateofhealth 健康欠佳stateschool 国立学校stateone'sviews陈述自己的见解make/issueastatement 发表声明【活学活用】1)Thehousewas.(state)那房子很脏。

Hepositivelythathehadneverseentheman.(state)他肯定地说他从未见过那个男子。valuen.价值；用途，积极作用vt.评价，估价；重视ofnovaluevalueofnovaluevalue…as…value…at•…valuableadj.invaluableadj.valuelessadj.【易混辨析】price，cost，value，worthgoodvalue(formoney)(钱)花得值；物有所值没有价值的；没有用的重视；珍视估(某物的)价位很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的无价的，非常珍贵的没有价值的；不值钱的charge和expenseprice意为“价钱”，指卖方对物品所要求的价格，高于cost。cost意为“代价，成本”，指对货物所付的一切代价，如制作、包装、运输费用。value意为“价值”，指按人的主观判断，对物品本身内在用途的评价。如：Ipaidhim$500forthepainting，butitsrealvaluemustbeabout$50,000.这幅画我付给他500美元，但它真正的价值大约是50,000美元。worth意为“价值”，指物体本身永远不变的价值，含着一定数量的金额，用法比较特殊。如：tenpounds’worthofapples价值10英镑的苹果charge意为“索价，收费，费用”，指为其提供服务后所要求付的价钱，也可以用作动词。常用短语：chargesb.+钱+forsth.；freeofcharge免费。expense意为“开支，花费”，指对 的实际开支金额。常用短语：attheexpenseof；atone’sexpense(以 为开支或代价)。【活学活用】.根据汉语意思完成句子Hethehouseformeat20,000pounds.那栋房子他替我估价20,000英镑。Iverymuch.我非常重视你的建议。Thiscarisyourmoney.这辆汽车你买得很合算。.根据语境选用price,cost,value,worth,charge或expense填空Marriageandotherhavemademepoor.Whatistheforadayatthehotel?Mostrestaurantsnowincludethetipintheofthemeal.Theuseofcheaplaborhelpedtokeepdown.Thewinnerwillreceivetenpounds'ofbooks.trapv.使陷入圈套，使中计；使陷入困境；卡住，夹住n.圈套；陷阱betrapped_(tobeinabadsituationfromwhichyoucannotescape)被困在……/陷入困境fallintoatrap上当，落入圈套layatrapfor给 设圈套【情景记忆】

OuehaIfellintoatrap!【活学活用】.根据汉语意思完成句子Thefirefightersweretryingtorescuethosetheburninghotel.消防队员们正在努力营救困在燃烧着的旅馆里面的那些人。.单项填空Thefoxfellintothethehuntershadsetforit.A.bush B.trapC.trickD.circle【解析】B本题考查名词辨析。句意为：狐狸落入猎人给它设计的陷阱里。bush树丛；trap陷阱；trick把戏;circle圈，圆圈。4promotevt.促进，推动；促销，推销；提升，晋升promotionn. 提升，提拔；晋级；推广promotesb.from…to…某人从 提升/晋升至 promotegrowth/understanding促进增长/了解【活学活用】Yourjobis.你的工作是促销这一新产品。Theyoungarmyofficertherankofcaptain.这个年轻军官被提升为上尉。5discouragevt.使气馁；阻碍discouragesb.fromdoingsth.劝阻某人别做某事discouragedadj. 感到泄气的discouragingadj. 令人泄气的【活学活用】.根据汉语意思完成句子Hearingtheresult,hefelt.听了这个令人泄气的结果，他感到很泄气。.单项填空ThecollegestudentsinChinaarefromsmokingoncampusbecausethiswilldothemnogood.A.discouraged B.observedC.obeyed D.obtained【解析】A本题考查动词辨析。句意为：中国的大学生被劝阻别在大学吸烟，因为这对他们没有任何好处。相对observe“观察”，obey“遵守"，obtain“获得"，只有discourage表示“劝阻”，符合题意。6riskn.风险；冒险vt.冒……的危险riskyadj. 充满危险或风险的；

有很大危险或风险的riskone’shealth/fortune/life冒丧失健康/财富/生命之险takearisk(risks)/taketheriskofdoingsth.冒险(做可能失败或有危险的事)runtheriskofdoingsth.冒险做某事attheriskofdoingsth.冒做某事的危险atrisk 有危险；冒风险【经典句式】Thereisariskthat…有 的风险。【活学活用】.根据汉语意思完成句子Hetosavemine.他冒着生命危险来救我。Bycriticizingherboss,sherisked.批评老板，她冒着丢掉职位之险。thecrisismayspreadfurther.危机有 进一步蔓延的风险。.单项填空Itwouldbearisktoletthechildgotoschoolbyhimself.A.running B.followingC.passing D.carrying【解析】A句意为：让孩子单独去学校是冒风险的事。runarisk意思是“冒风险短语1standout出色，杰出；更为重要standbystandforstandbystandforstandupstandupforsb./sth.standup(tosth.)Standstill.【活学活用】袖手旁观；支持代表；意指站起来维护，支持经得起(检验)站住，不许动。.根据语境用stand短语的适当形式填空Herworkfromtherestaseasilythebest.Howcanyouandlethimtreathisdoglikethat?.单项填空Ihavenoideawhatthesetwoletters.A.standup B.standbyC.standfor D.standat【解析】C句意为：我不知道这两个字母代表什么。standup起立；standby支持，袖手旁观；standfor代表。breakup(使)断开；(使)破碎；破裂；解散breakaway 突然离开；逃走；脱离；放弃breakout 发生；爆发breakthrough 突破；克服；打破breakdown 失败，落空；出故障；(健康，情绪等)崩溃，垮掉【活学活用】根据语境用break短语的适当形式填空Shefromhimandrantothewindow.What’sworse,hismarriagehasjust.Severaldemonstrators（示威者）thebarriersdespitewarningsfromthepolice.Youwillsoonerorlaterifyougoonignoringyourhealth.I.单词拼写Thepresidentcameunder（严厉的）criticismforhishandlingofthecrisis.ThePrimeMinister'svisitwillpthecooperationbetweenthetwocountries.I’m（极度）sorryforthedelay.We（权衡）theadvantagesoflivinginabigcityagainstthedisadvantagesanddecidedtomovetothecountry.Ifyoumeetwithanydifficultyinyourstudy,don'tbed.II.选词填空failto,onaverage,discouragesb.fromdoing,breakout,datebacktoHeneverwritetohismothereveryweek.ThehistoryofhumanitymaytheIceAge.Shouldanotherworldwar,whatwouldbecomeofhumanbeings?,15pounds'worthofgoodsisstoleneveryday.Wegivingupthejobandhefollowedouradvice.in.单项填空II'msurprisedtohearthatSueandPaulhave.—SoamI.TheyseemedveryhappytogetherwhenIlastsawthem.A.brokenup B.finishedupC.dividedup D.closedup【解析】A本题考查动词短语辨析。breakup断绝关系；finishup结果成为，最终到来；divideup分担，分配，分享；closeup（伤口）愈合。IHowaboutyourjourneytoMountEmei?—Everythingwaswonderfulexceptthatourcartwiceontheway.A．sloweddown B．brokedownC．gotdown D．putdown【解析】B本题考查动词短语辨析。答语的意思是：除了我们的车在途中抛锚了两次外，一切都顺利。breakdown抛锚，出故障；slowdown减速，慢下来；getdown记下，写下；putdown放下，记下，镇压。所以该题的答案为B项。Notuntilthemotorbikelookedalmostnewrepairingandcleaningit.A．hestopped B．didhestopC．stoppedhe D．hedidstop【解析】B本题考查倒装。notuntil位于句首，要求主句部分倒装。IhadtoapologizetoMrSmithfortokeeptheappointment.A．trying B．failingC．tryingnot D．notfailing【解析】B句意为：我因为没能赴约不得不向斯密斯先生道歉。failtodosth.没能做某事。for后面用动名词形式。Doesthiscargiveyougoodforyourmoney?Avalue BpriceCworth Dcost【解析】Agoodvalueformoney值得花那么多的钱。Theofhisclothesindicatedtooclearlythathehadbeenplayingfootball.A.state B.conditionC.oc