2022年湖北武汉工程大学基础英语考研真题7441

2022年湖北武汉工程大学基础英语考研真题PartIGrammarandVocabulary(20minutes)!a20points!bInthispart,youhavetwentymultiplechoicequestions.ForeachquestiontherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.(1*20`20points)1.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasacentraldeterminer（中位限定词）?A.everyB.halfC.suchD.another2.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartexpressthemeaningprobably?A.Hemighthavebeengone.B.Youmustbeverytired.C.Youmightnotgo.D.Youmustfinishitinanhour.3.WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECT?A.WhatIsayandthinkarenobusinessofyours.B.Hamandeggsisagoodbreakfast.C.Thesecretaryandassistantareabsent.D.Nooneexcepttwogirlswaslisteningtotheconcert.4.Frank,whohadbeendrivingallday,suggestedatthenexttown.A.tostopB.stoppingC.stopD.havingstopped5.Whyareyoutakingdownallthepictures?Itheroom.A.amgoingtorepaintB.amtorepaintC.amrepaintD.willrepaint6.Thatsyoursister,?A.isntitB.isntthatC.isntsheD.isnther?7.Asitturnedouttobeasmallhouseparty,wesoformally.A.neednothavedressedupB.mustnothavedressedupC.didnotneedtodressup

D.mustnotdressup8.,Illmarryhimallthesame.A.Washerichorpoor,,B.WhetherrichorpoorC.Wereherichorpoor,,D.Beherichorpoor9.Dositdownandenjoythedrinkwithus,you?A.cant,,B.dont,,C.wouldnt,,D.wont10.HadJudybeenmorecarefulonthemathexam,shemuchbetterresultsnow.A.wouldbegettingB.couldhavegotC.mustgetD.wouldget11.Icouldntfind,andsoItookthisone.A.alargeenoughcoatB.anenoughlargecoatC.alargecoatenoughD.acoatlargeenough12.Wehadapartylastmonth,anditwasalotoffun,soletshaveonethismonth.A.anotherB.moreC.theotherD.other13.Childrenareverycurious.A.atheartB.inpersonC.onpurposeD.bynature14.Thematchwascanceledbecausemostofthemembersamatchwithoutastandardcourt.A.objectedtohavingB.wereobjectedtohaveC.objectedtohaveD.wereobjectedtohaving15.Theteacherdoesntpermitinclass.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.smokingD.tohaveasmoke16.Twentypoundsenoughforsuchapoorfamilyspendforamonth.A.were

B.beingC.havebeenD.was17.Thepresidentofthecollege,togetherwiththedeans,planningaconferenceforthepurposeoflayingdownaseriesofregulations.A.wereB.areC.isD.will18.Choosethemostappropriatewordtocompletethesentencewithanimperativemood.Yousitdown!A.mayB.shouldC.willD.might19.Igottomyofficeontime.Whatifyourcar?A.wouldbrokendownB.brokedownC.breaksdownD.hadbrokendown20.Wearephysicalbeings,andtherestoftheworldbythesurfaceofourskins.A.restricted/setoutB.bounded/setoffC.bonded/setoutD.will/takePartIIReadingComprehension(50minutes)(40points)Thereare4passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoice.(2*20`40points)PassageOneQuestion2125arebasedonthefollowingpassage.TobetterunderstandthenewhistoricalresolutionoftheCommunistPartyofChinaadoptedinthesixthplenarysessionofits19thCentralCommittee,onemustfirstlookbackonthePartyscenturylonghistoricalexperience.WhatweretheendeavorstheCPChascarriedoutoverthepastcentury?Andwhatachievementshasitmade?Insummingupthoseendeavorsandachievements,theresolutionnotesatthebeginningofitspreamble:Sinceitsfoundingin1921,theCommunistPartyofChina(CPC)has

remainedtruetoitsoriginalaspirationandmissionofseekinghappinessfortheChinesepeopleandrejuvenationfortheChinesenation.Stayingcommittedtocommunistidealsandsocialistconvictions,ithasunitedandledChinesepeopleofallethnicgroupsinworkingtirelesslytoachievenationalindependenceandliberation,andthentomakeourcountryprosperousandstrongandpursueabetterlife.Thepastcenturyhasbeenagloriousjourney.Toputitsimply,theCPChassucceededindoingtwogreatthingsoverthepastcentury:First,itfoundedNewChinaafterachievingnationalindependenceandliberation;second,ithassignificantlyenhancedthehappinessofthepeoplenotleastbymakingthecountryricherandstrongerthaneverwithperseveringeffortsbasedonsocialistprinciples.,TheCPCscenturylongendeavorscanbedividedintofourstages.Duringtheperiodofthenewdemocraticrevolution,i.e.,the28yearsfromtheestablishmentofthePartytothefoundingofNewChina,thePartyledthepeoplethroughbloodybattlesandunyieldingstrugglestoachievethecountrysgreattransformationfromamillenniaoldfeudalautocracytoapeoplesdemocracy.TheChinesepeoplehavesincestoodup,shakingoffthecenturyofhumiliation,corroboratingthenotionthatwithouttheCommunistParty,therewouldbenoNewChina.,Followingthatwastheperiodofsocialistrevolutionandconstruction,thatis,the29yearsbetweenthefoundingofthePeoplesRepublicofChinaandtheconventionofthethirdplenarysessionofthe11thCentralCommittee,duringwhichthesocialistsystemwasestablishedandthecountrymanagedtobuildanindependent,relativelycompleteindustrialsystemandnationaleconomicsystemontheruinsofwars,withanewworldinsight.Thencametheperiodofreformandopeningupwithanemphasisonsocialistmodernization,orthe33yearsbetweentheconventionofthethirdplenarysessionofthe11thCentralCommitteeandthe18thNationalCongressoftheCPC,duringwhichelementsofamarketeconomywereintroducedthroughoutthereformandopeningupprocess.ThisraisedthelivingstandardofChinesepeoplefrombaresubsistence

tomoderateprosperityingeneralandmarkedthetremendousadvancementoftheChinesenationfromstandinguptogrowingprosperous.Andthemostrecentperiod,theneweraofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics,usheredinbytheconventionofthe18thNationalCongressoftheCPC,haswitnessedhistoricachievementsandseachangesinthecountry,aswellasthecountrystransitionfromstandingup,growingprosperoustobecomingstrong.Duringthisperiod,thePartytookintoaccountbothdomesticandinternationalimperatives,andsolvedmanytoughproblemsthatwerelongontheagendabutneverresolvedandaccomplishedmanythingsthatwerewantedbutnevergotdone.ThethreeperiodsfollowingthefoundingofthePRCwerededicatedtosocialistconstruction.Whileeachperiodhaduniquefeatures,thePartyhasunwaveringlystayedtrue,allalong,toitsoriginalaspirationofservingthepeoplewell.,TheCPCsendeavorshavetransformedthemodernhistoryofChina,puttinganendtoaneracharacterizedbydisunity,division,weaknessandpoverty,aswellasforeigninvasionandbullying.ThishasfundamentallychangedthefateoftheChinesepeopleandtheChinesenation.Indeed,thecountryssuccessfultransitionfromstandingup,growingprosperoustobecomingstrongisatellingcommentontheCPCsendeavorsandachievementsoverthepastcentury.Astheresolutionputsit,theendeavorsofthePartyandthepeopleoverthepastcenturyrepresentthemostmagnificentchapterinthemillennialonghistoryoftheChinesenation.Theresolutionillustrates,fromfiveperspectives,thehistoricalsignificanceoftheCPCsendeavorsoverthepastcentury:fundamentallytransformingthefutureoftheChinesepeople;trailblazingtherightpathforachievingtherejuvenationoftheChinesenation;demonstratingthestrongvitalityofMarxism;producingapositiveimpactonthecourseofworldhistory;andmakingtheCPCapioneerofthetimes.Inthecontextofhumandevelopment,themodernizationpursuedbytheCPCisofsignificantglobalinfluence.Aseverynationseeksitsuniquepathofmodernization,theCPChasmanagedtotrailblazeapaththatdovetailswithChinasactualconditionsbutisuniquefromthatoftheWest.It

onlytookChinaafewdecadestocompletetheprocessofindustrializationthattookdevelopedcountriesseveralcenturies,whichhasbroughtaboutthetwomiraclesofrapideconomicgrowthandenduringsocialstabilityinChina.Thishasmadeanindeliblecontributiontotheprogressofhumancivilization.,21.WhatisthestageofcontemporaryChinain?A.Stageofnewdemocraticrevolution.B.Stageofsocialistrevolutionandconstruction.C.Stageofreformandopeningupwithanemphasisonsocialistmodernization.D.StageoftheneweraofsocialismwithChinesecharacteristics.22.Accordingtothepassage,endeavorsoftheCPChasendedthefollowingexcept.A.disunityanddivisionB.weaknessandpovertyC.foreigninvasionandbullyingD.QingDynasty23.ThehistoricalsignificanceoftheCPCsendeavorsoverthepastcenturyincludes.A.transformingthefutureoftheChinesepeopleB.trailblazingtherightpathforachievingtherejuvenationoftheChinesenationC.producingapositiveimpactonthecourseofworldhistoryD.Allofabove24.InwhichyearwastheCPCestablished?A.1919.B.1921.C.1949.D.1937.25.WhatisthebestunderstandingofthesentenceAseverynationseeksitsuniquepathofmodernization,theCPChasmanagedtotrailblazeapaththatdovetailswithChinasactualconditionsbutisuniquefromthatoftheWest?A.Everynationhaslearneditsownwaytofindapathwhichisuniqueintheworld.B.TheCPChassetafixmodelforotherdevelopingcountriestofollow.C.TheCPCalwaysputsactualconditionandpracticeinthefirstplace.D.TheCPCdoesntlearnfromtheWest.PassageTwoQuestions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thecacaotree,oncenativetotheequatorialAmericanforest,hassomeexotictraitsforaplantslenderandshrubby.Cacaodoesntflower,asmostplantsdo,atthetipsofitsouteranduppermostbranches.Instead,itssweetwhiteflowershangfromthetrunkandalongafewfatbrancheswhichformwhereleavesdropoff.Thesetinyflowerstransforminto

pulpfilledpodsalmostthesizeofrugbyballs.Thelowhangingpodscontainthebittertasting,magicalseeds.Somehow,morethan2,000yearsago,ancienthumansinMesoamericadiscoveredthesecretofthesebeans.Ifyouscoopthemfromthepodwiththeirpulp,letthemfermentanddryinthesun,thenroastthemoveragentlefire,somethingextraordinaryhappens:theybecomechocolate.Andifyouthengrindandpressthebeans,whicharehalfcocoabutterormore,youwillobtainarich,crumbly,brownpastechocolateatitsmostpureandsimple.TheMayaandAztecsreveredthischocolate,whichtheyfrothedupwithwaterandspicestomakebracingconcoctions.Itwasedibletreasure,offereduptotheirgods,usedasmoneyandhoardedlikegold.LongafterSpanishexplorersintroducedthebeveragetoEuropeinthesixteenthcentury,chocolateretainedanauraofaristocraticluxury.In1753,theSwedishbotanistCarolusLinnaeusgavethecacaotreegenusthenameTheobroma,whichmeansfoodofthegods.Inthelast200yearsthebeanhasbeenthoroughlydemocratized,transformedfromanelitedrinkintoubiquitouscandybars,cocoapowdersandconfections.Todaychocolateisbecomingmorepopularworldwide,withnewmarketsopeningupinEasternEuropeandAsia.Thisisbothgoodnewsandbadbecause,althoughfarmersareproducingrecordnumbersofcacaobean,thisisnotenough,someresearchersworry,tokeeppacewithglobaldemand.Cacaoisalsofacingsomealarmingproblems.PhilippePetithuguenin,headofthecacaoprogramattheCentreforInternationalCooperationinDevelopmentOrientedAgriculturalResearch(CIRAD)inFrancerecentlyaddressedaseminarintheDominicanRepublic.Hedisplayedamapoftheworldrevealinganarrowbandwithin18northandsouthoftheequator,wherecacaogrows.InthefourcenturiessincetheSpanishfirsthappeneduponcacao,ithasbeenplantedallaroundthishothumidtropicalbeltfromSouthAmericaandtheCaribbeantoWestAfrica,EastAsia,andNewGuineaandVanuatuinthePacific.TodaymostchocolatebeanscomefromWestAfricaandCentralAfrica.Inmanypartsgrowerspractisesocalledpioneerfarming.Theystrippatchesofforestofallbut

thetallestcanopytreesandthentheyputincacao,usingtemporaryplantingsofbananatoshadethecacaowhileitsyoung.Withluck,groveslikethismayproduceannualyieldsof50to60podspertreefor25to30years.Thenthegrowersmoveonandclearanewforestpatchunlessfarmersofothercropsgettherefirst.Youcannotkeepcuttingtropicalforest,becausetheforestitselfisendangered,saidPetithuguenin“Worlddemandforchocolateincreasesby3zayearonaverage.Withalackoflandfornewplantingsintropicalforests,howdoyoumeetthat?”26.Theflowersofthecacaoplantappear.A.attheendofitstopbranchesB.alongallofitsbranchesC.closetoitsleavesD.mainlyonitstrunk27.Accordingtothepassagewhatistrueaboutchocolate?A.Chocolateisamanmadefoodmadefromfermentanddriedcocoabeans.B.Chocolateisnaturalfruitofcocoa.C.Chocolateiscocoabutter.D.Humanonlyhas200yearshistoryofmakingchocolate.28.Inparagraph3,whatdoesthewordTheobromamean?A.foodofgodsB.aSwedishgodC.afoodofSwitzerlandD.aSwedishbotanist29.Whichofthefollowingplaceissuitablefortheplantingofcocoa?A.thePacificOceanB.18northandsouthoftheequatorC.AmericaD.Africa30.InAfrica,bananatreesareplantedwiththecacaoplantsinorderto.A.replacethelargesttreesB.protecttheyoungplantsC.provideanextracropD.helpimprovesoilqualityPassageThreeQuestions3135arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Noisecanneverbeonlyanuisance.Peopleshealthcanbegreatlyaffectedbyit.Dayandnight,athome,atwork,andatplay,noisecanproduceseriousphysicalandpsychologicalstress.Nooneisimmunetothisstress.Thoughweseemtoadjusttonoisebyignoringit,

theear,infact,neverclosesandthebodystillrespondssometimeswithextremetension,astoastrangesoundinthenight.Theannoyancewefeelwhenfacedwithnoiseisthemostcommonoutwardsymptomofthestressbuildingupinsideus.Indeed,becauseirritabilityissoapparent,legislatorshavemadepublicannoyancethebasisofmanynoiseabatementprograms.Themoresubtleandmoreserioushealthhazardsassociatedwithstresscausedbynoisetraditionallyhavebeengivenmuchlessattention.Nevertheless,whenweareannoyedormadeirritablebynoise,weshouldconsiderthesesymptomsfairwarningthatotherthingmaybehappeningtous,someofwhichmaybedamagingtoourhealth.Ofmanyhealthhazardstonoise,hearinglossisthemostclearlyobservableandmeasurablebyhealthprofessionals.Theotherhazardsarehardertopindown.Formanyofus,theremaybeariskthatexposuretothestressofnoiseincreasessusceptibilitytodiseaseandinfection.Themoresusceptibleamongusmayexperiencenoiseasacomplicatingfactorinheartproblemsandotherdiseases.Noisethatcausesannoyanceandirritabilityinhealthpersonsmayhaveseriousconsequencesforthesealreadyillinmindorbody.Noiseaffectsusthroughoutourlives.Forexample,thereareindicationsofeffectsontheunbornchildwhenmothersareexposedtoindustrialandenvironmentalnoise.Duringinfancyandchildhood,youngstersexposedtohighnoiselevelsmayhavetroublefallingasleepandobtainingnecessaryamountsofrest.Why,then,istherenotgreateralarmaboutthesedangers?Perhapsitisbecausethelinkbetweennoiseandmanydisabilitiesordiseaseshasnotyetbeenconclusivelydemonstrated.Perhapsitisbecausewetendtodismissannoyanceasapricetopayforlivinginthemodernworld.Itmayalsobebecausewestillthinkofhearinglossasonlyanoccupationalhazard.31.InParagraph1,thephraseimmunetoareusedtomean.A.unaffectedbyB.hurtbyC.unlikelytobeseenbyD.unknownby32.Theauthorsattitudetowardnoisewouldbestbedescribedas.

A.unrealisticB.traditionalC.concernedD.hysterical33.Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthemainideaofthepassage?A.Noiseisamajorproblem;mostpeoplerecognizeitsimportance.B.Althoughnoisecanbeannoying,itisnotamajorproblem.C.Noiseisamajorproblemandhasnotyetbeenrecognizedassuch.D.Noiseisamajorproblemaboutwhichnothingcanbedone.34.Theauthorcondemnsnoiseessentiallybecauseit.A.isagainstthelawB.canmakesomepeopleirritableC.isanuisanceD.isadangertopeopleshealth35.Whatmightbetheconsequencesforthekidswhoareexposedinhighnoiselevels?A.Theyprobablyhavesleepingproblems.B.Theyearnlessmoney.C.Theirearsaredamaged.D.Theyareeasytogetrest.PassageFourQuestions3640arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Certainmentalfunctionsslowdownwithage,butthebraincompensatesinwaysthatcankeepseniorsassharpasyoungstersJake,aged16,hasaterrificrelationshipwithhisgrandmotherRita,whois70.Theylivecloseby,andtheyeventakeaSpanishclasstogethertwiceaweekatalocalcollege.Afterclasstheysometimesstopatacafeforasnack.OnoneoccasionRitatellsJake,Ithinkitsgreathowfastyoupickupnewgrammar.Ittakesmealotlonger.Jakereplies,Yeah,butyoudontseemtomakeasmanysillymistakesonthequizzesasIdo.Howdoyoudothat?Inthatmoment,RitaandJakestumbledacrossaninterestingsetofdifferencesbetweenolderandyoungerminds.Popularpsychologysaysthataspeopleagetheirbrainsslowdown.Theimplication,ofcourse,isthatelderlymenandwomenarenotasmentallyagileasmiddleagedadultsoreventeenagers.However,althoughcertainbrainfunctionssuchasperceptionandreactiontimedoindeedtakelonger,thatslowingdowndoesnotnecessarilyunderminementalsharpness.Indeed,evidenceshowsthatolderpeoplearejustasmentallyfitasyoungerpeoplebecausetheirbrainscompensateforsomekinds

ofdeclinesincreativewaysthatyoungmindsdonotexploit.Justaspeoplesbodiesageatdifferentrates,sodotheirminds.Asadultsadvanceinage,theperceptionofsights,soundsandsmellstakesabitlonger,andlayingdownnewinformationintomemorybecomesmoredifficult.Theabilitytoretrievememoriesalsoquicklyslidesanditissometimeshardertoconcentrateandmaintainattention.Ontheotherhand,theageingbraincancreatesignificantbenefitsbytappingintoitsextensivehoardofaccumulatedknowledgeandexperience.Thebiggesttrickthatolderbrainsemployistousebothhemispheressimultaneouslytohandletasksforwhichyoungerbrainsrelypredominantlyononeside.ElectronicimagestakenbycognitivescientistsattheUniversityofMichigan,forexample,havedemonstratedthatevenwhendoingbasicrecognitionormemorizationexercises,seniorsexploitittheleftandrightsideofthebrainmoreextensivelythanmenandwomenwhoaredecadesyounger.Drawingonbothsidesofthebraingivesthematacticaledge,evenifthespeedofeachhemispheresprocessisslower.Inanotherexperiment,MichaelFalkensteinoftheUniversityofDortmundinGermanyfoundthatwhenelderswerepresentedwithnewcomputerexercisestheypausedlongerbeforereactingandtooklongertocompletethetasks,yettheymade50zfewererrors,probablybecauseoftheirmoredeliberatepace.Oneanalogyfortheseresultsmightbethequestionofwhocantypeaparagraph“better”.A16yearoldwhoglidesalongat60wordsperminutebuthastodoublebacktocorrectanumberofmistakesora70yearoldwhostrikeskeysatonly40wordsperminutebutspendslesstimefixingerrors?Intheend,ifbetterisdefinedascompletingacleanparagraph,bothpeoplemayenduptakingthesameamountoftime.Computerizedtestssupportthenotionthataccuracycanoffsetspeed.Inonesocalleddistractionexercise,subjectsweretoldtolookatascreenwaitforanarrowthatpointedinacertaindirectiontoappear,andthenuseamousetoclickonthearrowassoonasitappearedonthescreen.Justbeforethecorrectsymbolappeared,however,thecomputer

displayednumerousotherarrowsaimedinvariousotherdirections.Althoughyoungersubjectscutthroughtheconfusionfasterwhenthecorrectarrowsuddenlypoppedup,theymorefrequentlyclickedonincorrectarrowsintheirhaste.Oldertesttakersareequallycapableofothertasksthatdonotdependonspeed,suchaslanguagecomprehensionandprocessing.Inthesecases,however,theeldersutilizethebrainsavailableresourcesinadifferentway.NeurologistsatNorthwestUniversitycametothisconclusionafteranalyzing50peoplerangingfromage23to78.Thesubjectshadtoliedowninamagneticresonanceimaging(MRI)machineandconcentrateontwodifferentlistsofprintedwordspostedsidebysideinfrontofthem.Bylookingatthelists,theyweretofindPairsofwordsthatweresimilarineithermeaningorspelling.Theeldestparticipantsdidjustaswellonthetestsastheyoungestdid,andyettheMRIscansindicatedthatintheeldersbrains,theareaswhichareresponsibleforlanguagerecognitionandinterpretationweremuchlessactive.Theresearchersdidfindthattheolderpeoplehadmoreactivityinbrainregionsresponsibleforattentiveness.DarrenGleitman,whoheadedthestudy,concludedthatolderbrainssolvedtheproblemsjustaseffectivelybutbydifferentmeans.36.TheconversationbetweenJakeandRitaisusedtogiveanexampleof.A.thechangesthatoccurinourbrainsovertimeB.thewaywelearnlanguagesC.thefactthatitiseasiertolearnalanguageatayoungageD.theimportanceofyoungandoldpeopledoingthingstogether37.Inparagraph6,whatpointistheanalogyusedtoillustrate?A.Workingfasterisbetterthanworkingslower.B.Accuracyislessimportantthanspeed.C.Workingfasterdoesnotalwayssavetime.D.Accuracycanimproveovertime.38.Inthecomputerizeddistractionexercises,thesubjectshadto.A.typeatextasquicklyaspossibleB.reacttoaparticularsymbolonthescreenC.moveanarrowindifferentdirectionsaroundthescreenD.clickoneveryarrowthatappearedonthescreen39.WhatisaMRImachine?

A.Makingresonanceandimagemachine.B.Machi