2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试(上海卷)

2016年一般高等学校招生全国一致考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：考试时间120分钟,试卷满分150分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。全部答题一定涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考据号和姓名,并将查对后的条形码贴在指定地点上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。第I卷(共103分)DirectionsInSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeaers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeasedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespoenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.Itissatisfactory.B.Itisluurious.C.Itisold-fashioned.D.Itisdisappointing.A.OnAugust5th.B.OnAugust6th.C.OnAugust7th.D.OnAugust8th.A.Awaiter.B.Abutcher.C.Aporter.D.Afarmer.A.Inatheatre.B.Inalibrary.C.Inabooingoffice.D.Inafurniturestore.A.Sheepectedtoabettershow.B.Shecouldhardlyfindherseat.C.Shewasn’tinterestedintheshow.D.Shedidn’tgetafavourableseat.6.A.Thewomanofteneatsoutforbreafast.B.Thecafeteriaservesgoodbreafast.C.Thewomandoesn’thavebreafast.D.Thecafeteriadoesn’tservebreafast.7.A.Sellingcucumbers.B.Plantingvegetables.C.Cooingameal.D.Picingtomatoes.8.A.Themanshouldworhard.B.Themanshouldturndownthejoboffer.C.Themanmayhaveanotherchance.D.Themancanapplyforthejobagain.A.Itisahotandsmoggyday.B.ThereisatrafficjamoningStreet.C.Avehicleispollutingtheair.D.Themanisreadingareportonline.A.Itsendingisnotgoodenough.B.Itsspecialeffectsarenotsatisfying.C.Itdeservesanaward.D.Itisgoodeceptforthescarypart.SectionBDirectionsInSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassages,andyouwillbeasedthreequestionsoneachofthepassages.Thepassageswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespoenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.A.$1.B.$2C.$3D.$52.A.Paythebillsfirst.Spend2%ofthesalaryonlivingepenses.Deposit$1000everymonth.Putpartofthemoneyinasavingsaccount.A.Methodsofsavingmoney.Savingmoneyforfamilyemergencies.Theimportanceofsavingmoney.Secretsofspendingmoneywisely.A.Freeeducation.B.Asumofmoney.Donationsfromalocalnewspaper.Giftsfrommanypeople.A.Letstudentsinbeforeschool.Offericecreamandcoffee.Introduceabanintothecampus.Reducethetrafficjamsaround.A.Itlacspositivenews.Itshouldgrowintoabigcity.C.Itisaplaceworthlivingin.D.Itremainspeacefulandquiet.SectionCDirectionsInsectionC,youwillheartwolongerconversations.Theconversationswillbereadtwice.Afteryouheareachconversation,youarerequiredtofillinthenumberedblanswiththeinformationyouhaveheard.Writeyouranswersonyouranswersheet.Blans17through20arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteONEWORDforeachanswer.ClassDiary(June13-19)13SUN14MONforafter-classactivityapplication15TUE16WEDHandinginthreestudent1817THUBasetballClubmeetingTime1245—130pmPlaceThe1918FRIFillinginaformwithup-to-datepersonaldataTime20breaPlaceThecomputerroom19SATBlan21through24arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Completetheform.WriteNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.WhoisSueWalter?Sheis21incourtandawriter.WhatisSue’ssuggestionforpeoplewithdifficulties?

22InSue’seyes,whatisthebestpartaboutherjob?

23

indecision-maing.WhatdoesSuethinhappinessis?24GrammarandVocabularySectionADirectionsAfterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblanstomaethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblanswithagivenword,fillineachblanwiththeproperform.ofthegivenword;fortheotherblans,useonewordthatbestfitseachblan.(A)BagsofLoveLastyear,Iwasassignedtoworatanofficenearmymother’shouse,soIstayedwithherforamonth.Duringthattime,Ihelpedoutwiththehouseworandcontributedtothegroceries.Afterlessthanawee,Istartednoticingthatthegrocerieswererunningoutprettyquicly—wewerealwayssuddenlyoutofsomething.(25)_______(wonder)howmymumcouldconsumethemsoquicly,Ibeganobservingherdailyroutinefortwowees.Tomysurprise,Ifoundthatshewouldpacapaperbagfullofcannedgoodsandheadouteverymorningataboutnine.Eventually,Idecidedtofollowherand(26)_______happenedtrulyamaedme.Shewastaingthefoodtotherefugeecamp,in(27)______shedistributedittochildren.Iasedaroundandfoundoutthatmymumwasverywellnowninthearea.Theidswereveryfriendlywithherandevenlooeduptoherasifsheweretheirownmother.Thenithitme—shywouldshemotwanttotellmeaboutwhatshe(28)_____(do)?WassheworriedabouthowIwouldreactorthatIwouldstop(29)_____(buy)thegroceriesifIfoundout?Whenshegothome,Itoldheraboutmydiscovery.(30)_____shecouldreact,Igaveherabighugandtoldhershedidn’tneedtoeepitasecret(31)______me.Shetoldmethatsomeofthechildrenlivedwithanolderladyinashelterwhileotherssleptonthestreets.Foryears,mymumhasbeenhelpingoutbygivingthemwhateverfoodshecouldspare.Iwassoimpressedby(32)_____selflessshewas.(B)StressGoodorBad?Stressusedtobeanalmostunnownword,butnowthatweareusedtotalingaboutit,Ihavefoundthatpeoplearebeginningtogetstressedaboutbeingstressed.Inrecentyears,stress(33)______(regard)asacauseofawholerangeofmedicalproblems,fromhighbloodpressuretomentalillness.Butliesomanyotherthings,itisonlytoomuchstress(34)______doesyouharm.Itistimeyouconsideredthatiftherewerenostressinyourlife,youwouldachievealittle.Ifyouarestucathomewithnostress,thenyourlevelofperformancewillbelow.Uptoacertainpoint,themorestressyouareunder,the(35)_____(good)yourperformancewillbe.Beyondacertainpoint,though,furtherstresswillonlyleadtoehaustion,illnessandfinallyabreadown.Youcantellwhenyouareoverthetopandonthedownwardslope,byasingyourself(36)_______numberofquestions.Doyou,forinstance,feelthattoomuchisbeingepectedof(37)______,andyetfinditimpossibletosayno?Doyoufindyourselfgettingimpatientof(38)_____(annoy)withpeopleoverunimportantthings?...Iftheanswertoallthosequestionsisyes,youhadbetter(39)______(control)yourstress,asyouprobablyareundermorestressthanisgoodforyou.Tosomeetentyoucancontroltheamountofstressinyourlife.Doctorshaveworedoutachartshowinghowmuchstressisinvolvedinvariousevents.Gettingmarriedis50,pregnancy40,movinghouse20,Christmas12,etc.Ifthetotalstressinyourlifeisover150,youaretwiceasliely(40)_______(get)ill.SectionBDirectionsCompletethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebo.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.F.directGoldenRulesofGoodDesignWhatmaesgooddesign?Overtheyears,designersandartistshavebeentryingto41theessentialsofgooddesign.Theyhavefoundthatsomesayingscanhelppeopleunderstandtheideasofgooddesign.Therearefourasfollows.Modernistview,beautyliesinsimplicityandelegance,andtheaimofthedesigneristocreatesolutionstoproblemsthroughthemostefficientmeans.Designshouldavoidunnecessary42Moreisnotabore.TheAmerican-bornarchitectRobertVenturiconcludedthatifsimplicityisdonebadly,theresultis43design.Post-Modernistdesignersbeganto44withdecorationandcoloragain.Productdesignwasheavilyinfluencedbythisviewandcanbeseeninitchen45suchasovensandettles.Fitnessforpurpose.Successfulproductdesigntaesintoconsiderationaproduct’sfunction,purpose,shape,form,color,andsoon.Themostimportantresultfortheuseristhattheproductdoeswhatis46.Foreample,thinofa(n)47deslamp.Itneedstobeconstructedfrommaterialsthatwillstandtheheatofthelampandregularadjustmentsbytheuser.Italsoneedstobestable.Mostimportantly,itneedsto48lightwhereitisneeded.Fromfollowsemotion.ThisphraseisassociatedwiththeGermandesignerHartmutEsslinger.Hebelievesdesignmusttaeinto49thesensorysideofournature—sight,smell,touchandtaste.Theseareasimportantasrational(理性的).Whenchoosingeverydayproductssuchastoothpaste,weappreciateacool-looingdevicethatallowsustoeasily50thetoothpasteontoourbrush.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirectionsForeachblaninthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmaredA,B,CandD.Fillineachblanwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontet.Inthe1960s,DouglasMcGregor,oneoftheeythinersintheartofmanagement,developedthemowfamousTheoryandTheoryY.Theoryistheideathatpeopleinstinctively51worandwilldoanythingtoavoidit.TheoryYistheviewthateveryonehasthepotentialtofindsatisfactioninwor.Inanycase,despitesomuchevidencetothe52,manymanagersstillagreetoTheory.Theybelieve,53,thattheiremployeesneedconstantsupervisioniftheyaretoworeffectively,orthatdecisionsmustbeimposedfrom54withoutconsultation.This,ofcourse,maesforauthoritarian(专制的)managers.Differentcultureshavedifferentwaysof55people.Unlieauthoritarianmanagement,somecultures,particularlyinAsia,arewellnownfortheconsultativenatureofdecision-maing—allmembersofthedepartmentorworgroupareasedto56tothisprocess.Thisismanagementbythecollectiveopinion.ManywesterncompanieshavetriedtoimitatesuchAsianwaysofdoingthings,whicharebasedongeneral57.Someepertssaythatwomenwillbecomemoreeffectivemanagersthanmenbecausetheyhavethepowertoreachcommongoalsinawaythattraditional58managerscannot.Arecenttrendhasbeentoencourageemployeestousetheirowninitiative,tomaedecisionsontheirownwithout59towardsdownsiing60way,acompanymaybe

managersfirst.Thisempowerment(受权)hasbeenpartofthetrendthenumberofmanagementlayersincompanies.Afterde-layeringinthis61withjustatoplevelofseniormanagers,front-linemanagersandemployeeswithdirectcontactwiththepublic.Empowermenttaestheideaofdelegation(拜托)muchfurtherthanhas62beenthecase.Empowermentanddelegationmeannewformsofmanagementcontrolto63thattheoverallbusinessplanisbeingfollowed,andthatoperationsbecomemoreprofitableundertheneworganiation,ratherthanless.Anothertrendisoff-siteor64management,whereteamsofpeoplelinedbye-mailandtheInternetworonprojectsfromtheirownhouses.Projectmanagersevaluatethe65oftheteammembersintermsofwhattheyproduceforprojects,ratherthantheamountoftimetheyspendonthem.51.A.desireD.dislie52.A.contraryB.epectation53.C.howeverD.otherwise54.A.outsideB.insideC.belowD.above55.A.replacingB.assessingC.managingD.encouraging56.A.referB.contributeC.objectD.apply61.C.crowdedD.compared62.63.C.assumeD.ensure64.A.virtual65.A.opinionB.risC.performanceD.attractivenessSectionBDirection：Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedsattments.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmaredA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Oneearlymorning,IwentintothelivingroomtofindmymotherreadingathicboocalledBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain.Myinterestwasarousedonlybythefactthattheword“Poems”appearedinbig,hotpinletters.“Isitgood?”Iasedher.“Yeah,”sheanswered.“There’soneIreallylieandyou’lllieit,too.”Ileanedforward.“‘PattyPoem,’”shereadthetitle.WhoisPatty?Iwondered.ThepoembeganSheneverputshertoysaway,Justleavesthemscattered①wheretheylay,①凌乱的Thepoemwasjustthreeshortsections.ThefinalonecamequiclyWhenshegrowsandgatherspoise②,

②庄重I’llmissherharum-scarum③

noise,

③鲁莽的Andlooinvain

④

forscatteredtoys.

④白费地AndI’llbesad.Aterriblesorrowwashedoverme.WhoeverPattywas,shewasameangirl.Then,theshoc.“It’syou,honey,”Mymothersaidsadly.Tomymother,thepoemrevealedaparent’saffectionwhenherchildgrowsupandleaves.Tome,the“she”inthepoemwashorror.Itwasmymamawhowouldbesad.ItwassoterribleIburstoutcrying.“What’swrong?”mymotherased.“OhMama,”Icried.“Idon’twanttogrowupever!”Shesmiled.“Honey,it’soay.You’renotgrowingupanytimesoon.Andwhenyoudo,I’llstillloveyou,oay?”“Oay,”Iwasstillweeping.Mypanichasgone.ButIcouldnothelpthiningaboutthatsillypoem.Afterwhatseemedlieasafeamountoftime,Ireadthepoemagainandwasconfused.Itallfitsowelltogether,lieapule.Thelanguagewassimple,sosimpleIcouldplainlyunderstanditsmeaning,yetitwasstillbeautiful.Iwasnowfascinatedbytheideaofpoetry,wordsthathadthepowertomaeorbreaaperson’sworld.Ihavesincefalleninlovewithotherpoems,but“PattyPoem”remainsmypoem.Afterall,“PattyPoem”gavememyloveforpoetrynotbecauseitwasthepoemthatliftedmyspirits,butbecauseitwastheonethathurtmethemost.66.WhywasthewriterattractedbythebooBestLovedPoemstoReadAgainandAgain?Itwasathicenoughboo.Somethingonitscovercaughthereye.Hermotherwasreadingitwithinterest.Ithasameaningfultitle.67.Afterhermotherreadthepoemtoher,thewriterfelt______atfirst.D.confusedThewriter’smotherliedtoread“PattyPoem”probablybecause______.itreflectedherownchildhooditwaswritteninsimplelanguageitwascomposedbyafamouspoetitgaveherahintofwhatwouldhappenItcanbeconcludedfromthepassagethat“PattyPoem”leadsthewriterto_______.discoverthepowerofpoetryrecognieherloveforpulesfindhereagernesstogrowupeperiencegreathomesicnessB）Istherelinbetweenhumansandclimatechangeornot?Thisquestionwasfirststudiedintheearly1900s.Sincethen,manyscientistshavethoughtthatouractionsdomaeadifference.In1997,theyotoProtocoleplainedourroleintheEarth’schangingatmosphereandsetinternationallimitsforgasemissions(排放)from2008to2012.Somecountrieshavedecidedtocontinuethesereductionsuntil2020.Morerecently,theParisAgreement,stucbynearly200countries,alsoaimstolimitglobalwarming.Butjustnowhowmuchwarmeritwillgetdependsonhowdeeplycountriescutcarbonemissions.3.5℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureswouldriseby2100evenifnationsliveuptotheinitialParispromisestoreducecarbonemissions;thisrisecouldstillputcoastalcitiesunderwateranddriveoverhalfofallspeciestoetinction.2℃Tomeetthisminimumgoal,theAgreementrequirescountriestotightenemissionstargetseveryfiveyears.Eventhisincreasecouldsinsomeislands,worsedrought(干旱)anddriveadeclineofuptoathirdinthenumberofspecies.1.5℃ThisisthemostambitiousgoalfortemperaturerisesetbytheParisAgreement,afterapushbylow-lyingislandnationslieiribati,whichsaylimitingtemperatureriseto1.5℃couldsavethemfromsining.0.8℃Thisishowmuchtemperatureshaverisensincetheindustrialagebegan,puttingus40%ofthewaytothe2℃point.0℃Thebaselinehereisaverageglobaltemperaturebeforethestartoftheindustrialage.70.Itcanbeconcludedfromparagraph1that_______.D.humanshavemadecontinuouseffortstoslowdownglobalwarmingIfnationscouldonlyeeptheinitialpromisesoftheParisAgreement,whatwouldhappenbytheyear2100?A.Thehumanpopulationwouldincreasebyonethird.B.Littleover50%ofallspecieswouldstilleist.C.Nationswouldnotneedtotightentheiremissionstargets.D.TheAgreement’sminimumgoalwouldnotbereached.Ifthoseislandnationsnotfarabovesealevelaretosurvive,themaimumtemperaturerise,sincethestartoftheindustrialage,shouldbe_______.℃℃C.2℃℃(C)Enough“meaninglessdrivel”.That’sthemessagefromagroupofmembersoftheUgovernmentwhohavebeeneamininghowsocialmediafirmslieLinedIngatherandusesocialmediadata.TheHouseofCommonsScienceandTechnologyCommittee’sreport,releasedlastwee,hasblamedfirmsformaingpeoplesignuptolongincomprehensiblelegalcontractsandcallsforaninternationalstandardoritemar(认证标志)toidentifysitesthathavecleartermsandconditions.“Thetermandconditionsstatementthatweallcarelesslyagreetoismeaninglessdriveltoanyone,”saysAndrewMiller,thechairofthecommittee.Instead,hesays,firmsshouldprovideaplain-Englishversionoftheirterms.Thesimplifiedversionwouldbechecedbyathirdpartyandawardedaitemarifitisanaccuratereflectionoftheoriginal.Itisnotyetclearwhowouldadministerthescheme,buttheUgovernmentislooingatintroducingitonavoluntarybasis.“weneedtothinthroughhowwemaethatworinpractice,”saysMiller.Wouldwepayanymoreattentiontoaitemar?“Ithinifyouwentanddidthesurvey,peoplewouldlietothintheywould,”saysNigelShadboltattheUniversityofSouthampton,U,whostudiesopendata.“Wedonowpeopleworryalotabouttheinappropriateuseoftheirinformation.”Butwhatwouldhappeninpracticeisanothermatter,hesays.Otherorganisationssuchasbansascustomerstosignlongcontractstheymaynotreadorunderstand,butMillerbelievessocialmediarequiresspecialattentionbecauseitissonew“.Westilldon’tnowhowsignificantthelong-termimpactisgoingtobeofunwisethingsthatidsputonsocialmediathatcomebacandbitethemin20years’time,”hesays.Shadbolt,whogaveevidencetothecommittee,saystheproblemisthatwedon’tnowhowcompanieswilluseourdatabecausetheirbusinessmodelsandusesofdataarestillevolving.Largecollectionsofpersonalinformationhavebecomevaluableonlyrecently,hesays.Theshocandangerwhenasocialmediafirmdoessomethingwithdatathatpeopledon’tepect,evenifusershaveapparentlypermission,showthatthecurrentsituationisn’tworing.Ifproperlyadministered,aitemarontermsandconditionscouldhelppeoplenowwhateactlytheyaresigningupto.Althoughtheywouldstillhavetoactuallyreadthem.Whatdoesthephrase“meaninglessdrivel”inparagraphs1and3referto?A.Legalcontractsthatsocialmediafirmsmaepeoplesignupto.B.WarningsfromtheUgovernmentagainstunsafewebsites.C.Guidelinesonhowtousesocialmediawebsitesproperly.D.Insignificantdatacollectedbysocialmediafirms.74.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatNigelShadboltdoubtswhether_______.A.socialmediafirmswouldconductasurveyontheitemarschemeB.peoplewouldpayasmuchattentiontoaitemarastheythinC.aitemarschemewouldbeworableonanationwidescaleD.theitemarwouldhelpcompaniesdeveloptheirbusinessmodelsB.thelanguageintheircontractsisusuallyhardertounderstandC.theinformationtheycollectedcouldbecomemorevaluableinfutureD.itremainsunnownhowusers’datawillbetaenadvantageof76.Thewriteradvisesusersofsocialmediato_______.A.thincarefullybeforepostinganythingontosuchwebsitesB.readthetermsandconditionsevenifthereisaitemarC.taenofurtheractioniftheycanfindaitemarD.avoidprovidingtoomuchpersonalinformationWhichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Saynotosocialmedia?B.Newsecurityrulesinoperation?C.Acceptwithoutreading?D.Administrationmatters!SectionCDirectionsReadthepassagecarefully.Thenanswerthequestionsorcompletethestatementsinthefewestpossiblewords.Walingwillbebannedonescalatorsaspartofatraildesignedtireducecongestion(拥挤)atsomeofthecountry’sbusieststations.Inthefirstmoveofitsind,alltravelerswillbeforcedtostandonbothsidesofescalatorsontheLondonUndergroundaspartofaplantoincreasecapacity(容量)attheheightoftherushhour.Ai-monthtrialwillbeintroducedatHolbornstationfrommid-April,eliminatingtheruleofstandingontherightandwalingontheleft.Themove,imitatingasimilarstructureinFareasterncitiessuchasHongong,isdesignedtoincreasethenumberofpeopleusinglongescalatorsatthebusiesttimes.itcouldbeepandedacrosstheTubenetworincomingyears.AccordingtoLondonUnderground,only40percentoftravelerswalthefulllengthoflongescalators,leavingthemajorityatthebottomastheywaittogetontothe“standing“side.Athree-weetrialatHolbornlastyearfoundthatthenumberofpeopleusingescalatorsatanytimeofcouldberaisedbyalmostathird.PeterMcNaught,operationsdirectoratLondonUnderground,said“Itmaynotseemrightthatyoucangoquicerbystandingstill,butoureperimentsatHolbornhaveprovedthatitcanbetrue.Thisnewsi-monthtrialwillhelpusfindoutifwecaninfluencecustomerstostandonbothsidesinthelongterm.”bossesclaimthatcapacitywaslimitedbecausesofewpeoplewantedtowalup—banwaling.Theprevioustrialfoundthatescalatorsatthestationnormallycarried2,500peoplebetween830amand930amonatypic