重庆市初三英语语法专题复习主动语态与被动语态

重庆市初三英语语法专题复习主动语态与被动语态.观点:主动语态表示主语是动作的履行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。二.被动语态的组成：助动词be+及物动词的过去分词三.被动语态的时态:认为work例:一般此刻时:am/is/are+worked2.一般过去时:was/were+worked3.一般未来时:shall/will+be+worked过去未来时:should/would+worked此刻进行时:am/is/are+being+worked过去进行时:was/were+being+worked过去进行时:was/were+being+worked此刻达成时:have/has+been+worked过去达成时:had+been+worked未来达成时:shall/will+havebeen+worked过去未来达成时:should/would+havebeen+worked12.神态动词(can/may/must/shouldetc.)+be+动词的过去分词.用法：当我们不知道谁是动作的履行者或许没有必需指出谁是动作的履行者时或许只要强调换作的承受者时，要用被动语态。五.方法：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主动语态)Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被动语态）.注意以下问题：A.带有双宾语的动词变成被动语态时，能够把此中一个宾语变成被动语态的主语，若将直接宾语(sth.)变成主语，须依据习惯在原间接宾语前加上介词to或for用to的常有词有：give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,take,bringetc.用for的常有词有：make,choose,sing,play,draw,save,buy,get,leave,cooketc.eg.1.Marygavehimsomebooks.HewasgivensomebooksbyMary.SomebooksweregiventohimbyMary.2.Herfatherboughtheranewbike.Shewasboughtanewbikebyherfather.Anewbikewasboughtforherbyherfather.B.带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的动词变成被动语态时，只好将宾语变成被动语态的主语，宾语补足语不行变成主语。eg.1.WecallhimGina.HeiscalledGina(byus).2.Theymademehappy.Iwasmadehappy(bythem).3.Heaskedmetocomehere.Iwasaskedtocomehere(byhim)C.在see,let,make,hear,watchetc.动词以后，作宾语补足语的动词不定式不带to，但在变成被动语态时，则必定要加上to。eg.专心爱心专心119号编写1Wesawthemplayfootballjustnow.Theywereseentoplayfootballjustnow.WeoftenhearhersinginEnglish.SheisoftenheardtosinginEnglish.D.在某些“不及物动词+介词/副词”(相当于及物物动词)的句子中，变被动语态时，注意不要扔掉介词/副词。eg.1.Peopleoftentalkaboutthatfilm.Thatfilmisoftentalkedabout.2.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.Theoldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely.主动形式表示被动意义的词：）某些感官动词:look,smell,taste,feel,wear,sound,etc.）某些及物动词+副词：wash,write,sell,read,open,cut,shut,keep,etc.1.Thiscoatfeelssoft.2.Thepenwritessmoothly.3.Thatbooksellswell.4.Thiskindofshirtwasheseasily.F.只有及物动词(vt.)才有被动语态，不及物动词(vi.)没有被动语态，由于它不带宾语。eg.happenWhatwashappened?×Whathashappened?√Whatishappening?√G.若主动句的主语是表示地点的名词，变成被动语态时，应将其变成in+名词，作地址状语，而不变成by的宾语。eg.Ourvillageopenedanewschoollastyear.Anewschoolwasopenedinourvillagelastyear.若主动句的谓语动词是know变成被动语态时，应将其变成beknownto，而不可以变成beknownby。eg.PeopleallovertheworldknowtheGreatWall.TheGreatWallisknowntopeopleallovertheworld.I.若主动句的主语是nobody,noone等否认不定代词时，变成被动语态应将其anybody,anyone作介词by的宾语，并将其谓语动词改为否认的被动语态。eg.Nobodycananswerthisquestion.Thisquestioncannotbeansweredbyanybody..句型变换1.AlargenumberofpeoplespeakFrenchinParis.French______________alargenumberofpeopleinParis.Mycousinrepairedthebrokenwatch.Thebrokenwatch______________mycousin.3.Weshouldplantthetreesaroundthelake.Thetrees________________aroundthelake.4.Myauntgavem